Mobile Interaction C.W. Johnson, Univ ersit y of Glasgo w, Glasgo w, G12 8QQ. Scotland. johnson@dcs.gla.ac.uk, h ttp://www.dcs.gla .a c.uk/ � johnso n Octob er 2001 c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001 1
Mobile Interaction Input and output issues. � Pro cesso r, battery and memo ry issues. � W AP , G3 and Blueto oth. � Context Aw a reness and GCS. � Realit y Checks... � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Input and Output Displa y limitations: � - �icking through decks of ca rds; - tiling, click to maximise; - also 3D audio, tactile output. Ac kno wledgemen t: T. Berlitz, www.p o c k etno w.com Input limitations: � - cha racter recognition; - automatic w o rd completion; - sp eech recognition; - gloves and cameras. c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Pro cesso r, Memo ry and Battery Limitations HP Jo rnada 710: � { 206MHz Strong ARM p ro cesso r; - 32MB RAM, 32 MB Flash Memo ry , - P o ck et Microsoft Windo ws O�ce. Ac kno wledgemen t: www.hp.com 12-14 hours battery life. � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Pro cesso r, Memo ry and Battery Limitations Compaq iP aq H3650: � - StrongArm 200 mhz - 12 bit (4,096) colo r - 32 MB RAM. Ac kno wledgemen t: T. Berlitz, www.p o c k etno w.com What can y ou do with them? � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Wireless Application Proto col Simila rities to desktop w eb: � - phone has a b ro wser lik e on a PC; - no sp ecial server is needed. <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml.xml"> <wml> <card id="Card1" title="Card 1"> <p align="center"> Happy Hippy's WML Demo<br/> <big>This is card 1</big> </p> <do type="accept" label="Card 2"> <go href=">" </do> </card> <card id="Card2" title="Card 2"> <p align="center"> Happy Hippy's WML Demo<br/> <big>This is card 2</big> </p> <do type="accept" label="Card 1"> <go href=">" </do> </card> </wml> But: � - HTML is no w Wireless Ma rkup Language; - rules a re mo re rigid to supp o rt small displa y . c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Third Generation (3G) \P eter Bo dor, public relations manager at Ericsson: "W AP's disapp oin tmen t w as caused b y industry failure to manage ex- p ectations, and the main problem w as its slo wness. This w on't b e a problem with 3G. The 3G In ternet exp erience will b e as go o d as sur�ng from home, with the added b ene�t of lo cation-based services making the exp erience more p ersonal." http://news.zdnet.co.uk/ What is 3G and why pa y so much fo r licenses? � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Third Generation (3G) Simplest 3G phones fo r talking and � - will sto re all their info rmation on the net w o rk. Second t yp e video-streaming, news and w eb. � Third t yp e will b e `info rmation centres', � - mo re lik e conventional top-end PD As. They will b e equipp ed with oth . Blueto � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Third Generation (3G) Mo re technical info rmation: � - 1st generation p rovide analogue voice telephony - 2nd (current) generation add some data (fax and email) - 3rd will p rovide data rates of up to 2 Mb p er second. UMTS (Universal Mobile T elecommunications System) � - 3G standa rd b eing develop ed across glob e; - International T elecommunications Union (ITU); - family of standa rds to switch b et w een, not one Exp ectation that 3G will b e here in 2002; � - based on EU's UMTS Decision fo r licensing schedule. c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Blueto oth Lo cal Area Net w o rk radio systems: � - IEC 802.11 (Apple AirP o rt, Lucent Orino co; - can b e up to 10Mb/s dep ending on ca rd; - cover 50-200 meter cells dep ending on w alls etc. But - need fo r sho rter connections: � - connect laptop to y our phone to y our TV to y our fridge. Infra-red (IrD A) communications: � - op erate over a few meters, line of sight; - di�cult to maintain and slo w data rates. Blueto oth: � - o w-cost, sho rt range radio links; - 1Mb/s with an actual data rate of 728 Kb/s. BUT - IEC802.11 no w rivals Blueto oth! � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Context Aw a reness Why a re cell sizes imp o rtant? � - inside GPS receivers will not w o rk; - so �nd out what cell a user is in; - follo w-me applications such as phone switching. Ac kno wledgemen t: Oliv etti and iButton. Alter info rmation to users lo cation. � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Glasgo w Context Server Key p rinciples: � - passive lo cation detection; - `o� the shelf ' ha rdw a re; - uses infra-red and radio LAN (IEC 802.11). Currently w o rking on human P A C-MAN. � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Realit y Check 1 What will all these devices b e used fo r? � Nokia 9000 Communicato r: � - develop ed, ma rk eted and sold; - all b efo re any one knew ho w it w ould b e used. Ma rk et opp o rtunit y not user-centred design: � - but Nokia then do close observational studies; - info rm subsequent development of p ro duct; - after initial ma rk et is established. c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Realit y Check 2 Mobile devices p ose huge challenges. � Physical constraints demand new widgets. � User tasks a re di�cult to p redict. � Users move and so a re di�cult to observe. � Ma rk eting hyp e often claims ea rly adopters; � - di�cult to anticipate longer term usabilit y issues. c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
Summa ry Input and output issues. � Pro cesso r, battery and memo ry issues. � W AP , G3 and Blueto oth. � Context Aw a reness and GCS. � Realit y Checks... � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 5) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
F urther Reading Shneiderman isn't very go o d on this a rea. � http://www.cs.strath.ac.uk/ mdd/mobilehci/procs/ Read a couple of a rticles instead? � c CS-1Q: HCI (Lecture 8) � C.W. Johnson, 2001
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