Coagulants r recove very f from wa wate ter wo works wa waste: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Coagulants r recove very f from wa wate ter wo works wa waste: sustainable im sustainable implementation challenges plementation challenges

• Prof. Dr. Taha M. A. Razek

EIA Consultant Hazardous Waste Management and Treatment Consultant Vice Dean for Environment Service and Society Development Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Contents

• Intr

Introduction.

• duction.
• Pr

Problem stat

• blem statement and

ement and Study objectiv Study objectives. es.

• Experimental se

Experimental setup. tup.

• Results and

sults and discussion. discussion.

• Conclusion.

Conclusion.

2 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Introduction

85% 85% The The Nile ile Riv iver er represents represents 85% 85%

• f

the he drinking drinking water production duction Sur Surface ace wat ater er treatment treatment wast stes es Aluminum Aluminum sludge sludge

SL SLUDGE UDGE

Aluminum + Aluminum + Biological Load Biological Load + organic + organic matt matter + TSS + TSS

3 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Introduction

■ Man Many harmful im harmful impacts ha pacts have been recor been recorded ed regar regarding the aluminum sludge disposal ing the aluminum sludge disposal in the f fresh wa h water wa ways. ■ The major im The major impacts repor pacts reported w ed were biological re biological bur burden which sho en which shows a s a great alt great alteration t ration to the aq the aquatic uatic en envir vironme nment. t. ■ Other organic Other organic and and inorganic contaminants f inorganic contaminants found in und in the sur the surface w ace water are r are concentrat concentrated and ed and accumulat accumulated thr d throughout the treatme ughout the treatment pr t process and

• cess and dispose

disposed t to the w the water w r ways in ys in localized places within aluminum sludge. localized places within aluminum sludge. ■ In In Egypt, it is Egypt, it is highly needed t highly needed to f find out nd out a a solution t solution to aluminum sludge handling and aluminum sludge handling and the increased costs of w the increased costs of water treatment and r treatment and supply supply.

4 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Introduction

Human Human is affect ected indirectly indirectly with with the the pollution

• llution

thr through ugh sludge. ludge. The The cost

• st
• f

the he drinking drinking water pr production

• duction increases

increases continuously continuously Riv River Bio iota ta is is also also badly badly af affect cted ed with with the the pollution pollution thr through ugh sludge ludge disposal. disposal.

5 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Introduction

■ Although, Aluminum com Although, Aluminum compounds f

• unds found naturally

und naturally in in nature and nature and are relativ are relatively stable ly stable com compounds in

• unds in the en

the envir vironment par nment particularly in icularly in neutral pH neutral pH values, recent lit lues, recent literature rature repor reported aluminum accumulation in ed aluminum accumulation in biolog biological tissues especially when conjugat ical tissues especially when conjugated ed with organic com with organic compounds.

• unds.

■ High amount of suspende High amount of suspended matt d matter is intr er is introduced t

• duced to the sur

the surface w ace water which cause r which cause dist distortion in tion in the pathw the pathway of the Nile Riv y of the Nile River and r and its tributaries its tributaries. ■ Sustainability concept collects three di Sustainability concept collects three different pillar erent pillars (Econom (Economy, Society and , Society and En Envir vironme nment) t t) to achie achieve justice betw e justice between generations. n generations. ■ In In Egypt, The repeat Egypt, The repeated disposal of w d disposal of water treatm r treatment w ent wast stes in es in the Nile Riv the Nile River and r and its its tributaries tributaries threa threaten the sustainability of w en the sustainability of water treatme r treatment industr t industry in in Egypt. Egypt.

6 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Problem statement and study objectives

Water pr r production

• duction

27,000,000 ,000,000

m3/Da /Day

Wa Wasted s sludge

250,000 250,000 m3/Da /Day

Aluminum Sulf Aluminum Sulfat ate

1200 1200 To Tons/Day

7 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Problem statement and study objectives

■ The resear The research t team am has studied the pr has studied the prob

• blem of

lem of alumin aluminum um w wast ste handling in e handling in Egypt and pr Egypt and proposed a

• posed a solution that

solution that could solv could solve the three dimensions and e the three dimensions and pillars (econom pillars (economy, social and en , social and envir vironmenta nmental) of l) of the sustaina the sustainability of bility of drinking drinking wa water p production. ■ The solution is thr The solution is through the reco ugh the recovery of

• f aluminum

aluminum sulf sulfate fr from sludge w

• m sludge wast

ste e and reuse it again t and reuse it again to treat the sur treat the surface w ce water and pr r and produc

• duce drink

e drinking w ng water. ■ Some obstacles ha Some obstacles have limit limited the sustai d the sustainabilit bility of the aluminu

• f the aluminum sulf

sulfate reco recovery fr from sludge but right

• m sludge but right no

now th w the authors are w e authors are working on solving it. ing on solving it. ■ One of the major challenges f One of the major challenges faced the ced the re rese sear arch in that are ch in that area is is organic

• rganic

matt matter accumulation in the reco er accumulation in the recovered red solutions that is solutions that is transf transferred t erred to the the treat treated w d water in the f r in the form of rm of THMs. THMs.

8 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Problem statement and study objectives

Coagulants R Coagulants Reco covery fr from

• m Sludge

Sludge

Sustainable Sustainable Im Implementation plementation and Operation and Operation Pollutants llutants Accumulation ccumulation

9 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Problem statement and study objectives

Ev Evaluati aluation

• n of
• f alum

aluminu inum sulf sulfat ate reco recover ery using sing acidificati acidification. n. Performing

• rming aluminum

aluminum coagulant coagulant reco recover ery using sing optimum

• ptimum

conditi conditions. ns. Applying Applying seq sequential ential coagulants coagulants reco recover ery. Charact Characterization rization of

• f the

the reco ecovered ered coagul coagulant ants and and treat reated ed water. Charact Characterization rization and and quantification uantification

• f

the he reco recovered ered coagulants coagulants

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Experimental setup

Seq Sequentially entially repeat repeated ed coagulant coagulant reco recover ery was as per performed

• rmed using

using jar ar te tester. Me Metals tals concentration concentration were ere analyzed nalyzed in the he reco recovered red aluminum luminum sulf ulfate and and a com comple lete water analysis nalysis for

• r the

the treat reated wat ater er was per erformed. rmed. Charact Characterization rization and and quantification uantification of the he reco recovered ered coagulant coagulant from the he sludge. sludge.

Dif Different erent fact actors rs af affecting cting aluminum luminum sulf ulfate reco recovery fr from

• m sludge

sludge was studied tudied to det determine rmine the he optimum

• ptimum values

alues (Sludge Sludge weight ight – tem emperature perature – rotational ational speed peed – acid cid concentration concentration – acid acid /sludge /sludge ratio) atio) to achie chieve the the maximum aximum aluminum aluminum sulfat sulfate pr production

• duction fr

from

• m sludge.

sludge.

Optim Optimum fact actors rs were re applied applied and nd coagul coagulant ant solut

• lution

ion was as prepare prepared.

11 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Experimental setup

■ El-Shiekh El-Shiekh Zaid aid Wat ater er treatment treatment plant lant (ESZ- (ESZ-WTP) TP) is a sur surface ace wat ater er treatment treatment fa facility ty in Giza gove vern rnorate – Egypt. ■ The The experiments xperiments were ere done done on

• n the

the sludge ludge produced duced fr from

• m ESZ-W

ESZ-WTP. ■ ESZ- ESZ-WTP produces duces 500,000 500,000 m3/da /day drinking drinking water by treating reating 550,000 50,000 m3/da /day ra raw water er. ■ Sludge Sludge sam samples les were ere collect collected ed fr from

• m dif

different erent sit ites es in in the the drying ing lagoon. agoon.

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13 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Experimental setup

■ Collect Collected sludge sludge was drie ried, grinded rinded and and sie ieved thr hrough

• ugh 2 mm sie

ieve then then mix mixed we well to to assure homogeneity. ■ Dif Different erent sulfuric ulfuric acid cid concentrations

• ncentrations were

ere prepared repared to be be used used in in sludge sludge acidificati acidification 0.5, .5, 1.0, .0, 1.5, .5, 2.0, .0, 2.5 .5 N. N. ■ Dif Different erent sludge ludge masses asses were ere used sed to find ind out ut the the optimum ptimum mass mass 5, 5, 10, 15, 5, 20, 20, 25 25 g. g. ■ Jar Jar test est apparatus pparatus was as used used for the he acidification acidification process. cess. ■ Sam Sample les then hen allo llowed ed to se settl ttle then hen filt iltere red thr hroug

• ugh 0.45

0.45 Micr Micron ■ The The reco ecovered ered coagulants coagulants were re preser preserved and nd analyzed analyzed for metals als to calculat alculate the the reco recover ery efficiency iciency.

14 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Experimental setup

■ Optimum Optimum conditions

• nditions were

ere recor ecorde ded for

• r sludge

sludge mass mass (g), (g), acid acid concentration concentration (N), N), rotational tational speed speed (RPm), (RPm), reaction reaction time time (min) (min) and nd temperature erature (C). (C). ■ Optimum Optimum conditions

• nditions were

ere use used to produce duce seq sequentia entially ly reco recovered red coa

• agulants

gulants by applying applying the the reco ecovered ered coagulants coagulants on

• n the

the raw water ent nter er ESZ- ESZ-WTP for

• r three

three times. imes. ■ Each ch time time the the tre reat ated waters were re analy analyzed for (turbidity turbidity, pH, pH, alkalinity lkalinity, ir iron

• n,

aluminum, c , chlorides, m , manganese, T , Tds, T , THMs H s HPC, T , Total coliform bacteria, a , algae count count)

15 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Experimental setup

■ Seq Sequential ential reco recovery was per erformed rmed thr through ugh applying pplying the the optimum ptimum alum alum and and chlorine chlorine doses doses on the he ra raw wat ater er fr from

• m ESZ-W

ESZ-WTP then hen the he reco recovery optimum

• ptimum

conditions conditions were re applied applied using using the the produced duced sludge. ludge. ■ Reco covered red coagulant

• agulant was used

sed with ith the he optimum

• ptimum dose
• se on the

he ra raw wat ater er fr from

• m ESZ-

ESZ- WTP then hen the he pre previous ious pr process

• cess were

ere per erformed rmed and the he sludge sludge pr produced

• duced was used

used again again to produc duce aluminu aluminum sulf sulfate. ■ The The abo bove st steps eps were ere used used seq equentially uentially for

• r three

three succe successiv ssive times imes and and each ach time ime metal metals analy analysis is for the he coagu coagulants ants an and a com complet lete ana analysis is for the he tre treated wat ater we were performed.

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Experimental setup

17 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Results and Discussion

Meta tal Sludge dge ( (mg/g) g) Original iginal a aluminum s inum sulf lfat ate ( e (mg/g) g) Al Al 1. 1.235 1. 1.513 Ba Ba 0.00 0.001 0.00 0.001 Co Co 0. 0.0003 0003 0. 0.0004 0004 Cr Cr 0.00 0.0018 0. 0.0022 0022 Cu Cu 0. 0.0004 0004 0. 0.0006 0006 Fe Fe 0. 0.352 352 0. 0.469 469 Li Li 0. 0.0002 0002 0.00 0.001 Mn Mn 0. 0.032 032 0. 0.034 034 Ni Ni 0. 0.0003 0003 0. 0.0004 0004 Pb Pb 0. 0.0067 0067 0.0 0.0103 03 Sr Sr 0.00 0.0014 0. 0.0022 0022 V 0.00 0.0015 0.00 0.0017 Zn Zn 0.00 0.0017 0. 0.002 0021 K 0. 0.0228 0228 0.02 0.0244 44 Na Na 0.0 0.0143 43 0.0 0.0157 Ca Ca 0. 0.1235 1235 0. 0.1453 453 Mg Mg 0. 0.08 0812 12 0. 0.0933 0933

18 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Results and Discussion

Paramet Parameter Unit nit Raw w water Tap w ap water pH pH

• 7.9

.9 7.3 Turbidity rbidity NTU 8.0 0.4 Total tal diss issolv lved ed solid solids mg/L mg/L 218 225 225 Total tal alk lkalin alinity mg/L g/L 147 126 126 Chlor Chlorides mg/L g/L 18 23 Alum Alumin inum mg/L mg/L 0.05 0.05 0. 0.13 Ir Iron

• n

mg/L mg/L ND ND ND ND Man Manganese mg/L g/L ND ND To Total Trihalomethanes mg/L ND 0.08 Algae Algae Coun

• unt

Organ Organism/mL 5130 20 Total tal plat late count count at 37 °C Cell/ ell/mL 29 2970 70 5 Total tal coli

• li for
• rm bact

acteria Cell/ ell/mL 1485 485 ND ND

19 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

Results and Discussion

20 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018

• No. Parameter

Unit Treated water with fresh coagulant Treated water with 1st recovered coagulant Treated water with 2nd recovered coagulant Treated water with 3rd recovered coagulant 1 Residual Chlorine mg/L 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.2 2 pH ‐ 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.4 3 Total dissolved solids mg/L 225 224 223 223 4 Total alkalinity mg/L 126 124 124 126 5 Chlorides mg/L 23 22 22 23 6 Aluminum mg/L 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.2 7 THMs mg/L 0.08 0.09 0.1 8 Iron mg/L ND ND ND ND 9 Manganese mg/L ND ND ND ND

Conclusions

■ A trial rial is is conduct conducted in this his study tudy to det determine rmine how sustainable sustainable is the he aluminum aluminum sulfate r e recovery a y and reuse f e from s m sludge i e in a water t r treatment plant i t in Egypt. ■ The r e recovered Aluminum sulfate w e was a g a good competitor to the c e commercially used used one.

• ne.

■ The efficiency of the recove very process achieve ved a relative vely high perc rcent. ■ The The treat reated ed water using sing the the reco ecovered ered coagulants coagulants had had an acceptable cceptable quality ality if com compared ared to the the quali uality ty of

• f the

the wat ater er treat treated with ith the he commer commercial ial alum. lum. ■ There There was as a relativ elatively ely har ard obstacle bstacle regar egarding ding the the sustainability ustainability of the he reco recovery and and reuse euse of

• f alum

alum fr from

• m sludge

sludge which which is the he accum accumulation tion of

• f organic
• rganic matt

matter er. ■ It It is is advisable advisable to per erform rm a concentrat centrated study tudy regar regarding ing pollutants

• llutants

accumulation accumulation in in the the reco ecovered ered solutions solutions to assure ssure the he sustainability sustainability of

• f alum

alum reco recovery and and reuse euse fr from

• m sludg

sludge.

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Thank You Thank You

22 NAXOS 2018 6TH International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management 13-16 June 2018