CASD: Computer Aided Ship Design Panagiotis Kaklis joint work with A.-A.I. Ginnis, K.V. Kostas & C. Feurer National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering (Sname) Ship Design Laboratory (SDL) October 5, 2010 (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 1 / 26
preamble a bit of history in Farin’s ”History of Curves and Surfaces in CAGD” it is stated : The earliest recorded use of curves in a manufacturing environment seems to go back to early AD Roman times, for the purpose of shipbuilding . A ship’s ribs were produced based on templates which could be reused many times. Thus a vessel’s basic geometry could be stored and did not have to be recreated every time. These techniques were perfected by the Venetians from the 13th to the 16th century. (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 2 / 26
preamble a bit of history The form of the ribs was defined in terms of tangent continuous circular arcs, NURBS in modern parlance. Ship hull was obtained by varying the ribs’ shapes along the keel, an early manifestation of today’s tensor product surface definitions . No drawings existed to define a ship hull; these became popular in England in the 1600s. (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 3 / 26
preamble a bit of history The classical spline, a wooden beam which is used to draw smooth curves, was probably invented then. The earliest available mention of a spline seems to be from 1752 by Monceau. This shipbuilding connection, described by Horst Nowacki (2000), was the earliest use of constructive geometry to define free-form shapes. More modern developments linking marine and CAGD techniques may be found in, e.g., Theilheimer and Starkweather (1961), Berger et al (1966), Mehlum and Sorenson (1971) and Rogers and Satterfield (1980). (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 4 / 26
preamble a special issue on CASD (Elsevier, JCAD, vol. 42, 2010) CASD: Some Recent Results and Steps ahead in Theory, Methodology and Practice dedicated to Prof. H. Nowacki G. Holbach (TUB, DE), X. Ye (Zhejiang Univ., CN) and PK (NTUA, GR) 1 Five Decades of Computer-Aided Ship Design 2 Mesh-based Morphing Method for Rapid Hull Form Generation 3 Hull-form Optimization in Calm and Rough Water 4 An Integrated Method for Predicting Resistance of Low- c B Ships 5 Springback Adjustment for Multi-point Forming of Thick Plates in Shipbuilding 6 Application of a New Multi-agent Hybrid Co-evolution Based Particle Swarm Optimization Methodology in Ship Design 7 Holistic Ship design Optimization 8 VELOS: a VR Platform for Ship-evacuation Analysis (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 5 / 26
preamble a special issue on CASD (Elsevier, JCAD, vol. 42, 2010) CASD: Some Recent Results and Steps ahead in Theory, Methodology and Practice dedicated to Prof. H. Nowacki G. Holbach (TUB, DE), X. Ye (Zhejiang Univ., CN) and PK (NTUA, GR) 1 Five Decades of Computer-Aided Ship Design 2 Mesh-based Morphing Method for Rapid Hull Form Generation 3 Hull-form Optimization in Calm and Rough Water 4 An Integrated Method for Predicting Resistance of Low- c B Ships 5 Springback Adjustment for Multi-point Forming of Thick Plates in Shipbuilding 6 Application of a New Multi-agent Hybrid Co-evolution Based Particle Swarm Optimization Methodology in Ship Design 7 Holistic Ship design Optimization 8 VELOS: a VR Platform for Ship-evacuation Analysis (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 5 / 26
preamble a special issue on CASD (Elsevier, JCAD, vol. 42, 2010) CASD: Some Recent Results and Steps ahead in Theory, Methodology and Practice dedicated to Prof. H. Nowacki G. Holbach (TUB, DE), X. Ye (Zhejiang Univ., CN) and PK (NTUA, GR) 1 Five Decades of Computer-Aided Ship Design 2 Mesh-based Morphing Method for Rapid Hull Form Generation 3 Hull-form Optimization in Calm and Rough Water 4 An Integrated Method for Predicting Resistance of Low- c B Ships 5 Springback Adjustment for Multi-point Forming of Thick Plates in Shipbuilding 6 Application of a New Multi-agent Hybrid Co-evolution Based Particle Swarm Optimization Methodology in Ship Design 7 Holistic Ship design Optimization 8 VELOS: a VR Platform for Ship-evacuation Analysis (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 5 / 26
preamble a special issue on CASD (Elsevier, JCAD, vol. 42, 2010) CASD: Some Recent Results and Steps ahead in Theory, Methodology and Practice dedicated to Prof. H. Nowacki G. Holbach (TUB, DE), X. Ye (Zhejiang Univ., CN) and PK (NTUA, GR) 1 Five Decades of Computer-Aided Ship Design 2 Mesh-based Morphing Method for Rapid Hull Form Generation 3 Hull-form Optimization in Calm and Rough Water 4 An Integrated Method for Predicting Resistance of Low- c B Ships 5 Springback Adjustment for Multi-point Forming of Thick Plates in Shipbuilding 6 Application of a New Multi-agent Hybrid Co-evolution Based Particle Swarm Optimization Methodology in Ship Design 7 Holistic Ship design Optimization 8 VELOS: a VR Platform for Ship-evacuation Analysis (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 5 / 26
preamble a special issue on CASD (Elsevier, JCAD, vol. 42, 2010) CASD: Some Recent Results and Steps ahead in Theory, Methodology and Practice dedicated to Prof. H. Nowacki G. Holbach (TUB, DE), X. Ye (Zhejiang Univ., CN) and PK (NTUA, GR) 1 Five Decades of Computer-Aided Ship Design 2 Mesh-based Morphing Method for Rapid Hull Form Generation 3 Hull-form Optimization in Calm and Rough Water 4 An Integrated Method for Predicting Resistance of Low- c B Ships 5 Springback Adjustment for Multi-point Forming of Thick Plates in Shipbuilding 6 Application of a New Multi-agent Hybrid Co-evolution Based Particle Swarm Optimization Methodology in Ship Design 7 Holistic Ship design Optimization 8 VELOS: a VR Platform for Ship-evacuation Analysis (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 5 / 26
preamble a special issue on CASD (Elsevier, JCAD, vol. 42, 2010) CASD: Some Recent Results and Steps ahead in Theory, Methodology and Practice dedicated to Prof. H. Nowacki G. Holbach (TUB, DE), X. Ye (Zhejiang Univ., CN) and PK (NTUA, GR) 1 Five Decades of Computer-Aided Ship Design 2 Mesh-based Morphing Method for Rapid Hull Form Generation 3 Hull-form Optimization in Calm and Rough Water 4 An Integrated Method for Predicting Resistance of Low- c B Ships 5 Springback Adjustment for Multi-point Forming of Thick Plates in Shipbuilding 6 Application of a New Multi-agent Hybrid Co-evolution Based Particle Swarm Optimization Methodology in Ship Design 7 Holistic Ship design Optimization 8 VELOS: a VR Platform for Ship-evacuation Analysis (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 5 / 26
preamble a special issue on CASD (Elsevier, JCAD, vol. 42, 2010) CASD: Some Recent Results and Steps ahead in Theory, Methodology and Practice dedicated to Prof. H. Nowacki G. Holbach (TUB, DE), X. Ye (Zhejiang Univ., CN) and PK (NTUA, GR) 1 Five Decades of Computer-Aided Ship Design 2 Mesh-based Morphing Method for Rapid Hull Form Generation 3 Hull-form Optimization in Calm and Rough Water 4 An Integrated Method for Predicting Resistance of Low- c B Ships 5 Springback Adjustment for Multi-point Forming of Thick Plates in Shipbuilding 6 Application of a New Multi-agent Hybrid Co-evolution Based Particle Swarm Optimization Methodology in Ship Design 7 Holistic Ship design Optimization 8 VELOS: a VR Platform for Ship-evacuation Analysis (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 5 / 26
CASD as a MOP CASD as a M ultiobjective O ptimization P roblem ( MOP ) Given a set of geometric, engineering and operational constraints find an optimal , versus a set of costs , ship hull. There is no unique optimal The set of all Pareto solutions, solution but rather a set of the Pareto front, represents the efficient solutions, also known problem trade-offs. as Pareto-optimal solutions, characterized by the fact that Sampling this set in a their cost cannot be improved representative manner is a very in one dimension without useful aid in decision making. being worsened in another. (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 6 / 26
CASD as a MOP a MOP example in CASD 2 costs : an energy- and an environment-oriented cost (Papanikolaou(2010)) : 1 R t = R f + R w where R f denotes the frictional and R W the wave resistance 2 W : the average wave height along a longitudinal wave cut at a certain distance from the vessel’s center line. (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 7 / 26
CASD as a MOP basic elements of MOP in CASD design parameters: • ship’s main dimensions (length, beam, side depth, draft) or ratios between them, possibly extended to include the entire ship’s hull form → SHIP PARAMETRIC MODEL • the arrangement of spaces • (main) structural elements • networking elements (piping, electrical, etc) costs (criteria, merit functions, goals): • economic (profit of the initial investment) • performance (in calm water and in seaways) • safety • ships’s strength (including fatigue) (NTUA/SDL - CAGD/CAD/VR Group) SAGA, Fall School 2010 October 5, 2010 8 / 26
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