NATIONAL TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF ATHENS NAVAL ARCHITECTURE AND MARINE ENGINEERING DEPT. SHIP DESIGN AND MARINE TRANSPORTATION DIV. SHIP DESIGN LABORATORY DIPLOMA THESIS “Parametric ship design and holistic ship design optimization of a 9000 TEU class container carrier” ILIAS SOULTANIAS SUPERVISOR: PROF . APOSTOLOS D. PAPANIKOLAOU 1 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Structure Introduction • Container ship transportation • Computer Aided Ship Design • Integrated Ship Design • Parametric Design • Holistic design optimization • Port Efficiency Design of the 9000 TEU container carrier • Project goal • Ship operational plan • Parametric model • Sensitivity Analysis • Optimization Results and conclusion • Pareto front • Selected design • Conclusion • Further research suggestions 2 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Containerized trade dominates • Starting in ’50 s – Mc Lean • Containers of standard dimensions – TEU – FEU • Intermodal – combined goods transportation • Increasing goods containerisation 3 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Computer Aided Ship Design Traditional preliminary design methods – Conceptual model – Initial stage – Final stage – Detailed design and developed hull geometry CAD/CAE 1 advantages – Time saving – Quick analytical computations – Connection between CAD – CAE – Quick geometry variations – Grater range of design stages – Higher designer satisfaction 1 CAD: Computer Aided Design CAE: Computer Aided Engineering 4 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Integrated ship design • Parametric design • Systems combination • Numerical methods • Design spiral replacement • Simulations • Core model • Optimization • Many different design • Computational power “layers” 5 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Parametric Ship Design Conventional design Traditional approach Application of classic methods with computer support Unproductive Semi parametric design Variation of given ship hull forms Transformations application (Lackenby) Fully parametric design Complete design based on mathematical model Direct calculation of efficiency indices Form variation flexibility 6 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Holistic optimization Holistic approach Of the ship as a whole and not as a synthesis of its subsystems. All the subsystems are modelled Life cycle based optimization 7 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Holistic optimization Multicriteria optimization Genetic algorithms use Optimization attributes: • Optimization criteria • constraints • Design variables • Initial Data Results • 8 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Fast ship in port Lower fuel consumption is the Loading simulations objective investigation Saving time from port Complex phenomenon operations 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑓𝑑𝑙 Index: 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡 𝑗𝑜 ℎ𝑝𝑚 Lower voyage speeds Optimal loading procedure « The fast voyage is done inside the port » 9 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Structure Introduction • Container ship transportation • Computer Aided Ship Design • Integrated Ship Design • Parametric Design • Holistic design optimization • Port Efficiency Design of the 9000 TEU container carrier • Project goal • Ship operational plan • Parametric model • Sensitivity Analysis • Optimization Results and conclusion • Pareto front • Selected design • Conclusion • Further research suggestions 10 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
What is the goal of this project Parametric modelling of a 9000 TEU container carrier Design variables’ change limits investigation Multicriteria optimization Results evaluation 11 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Where will the ship sail to North Europe – Far East Asia Study of 3 competitors trade route Route catered by 8000-9500 Current services offered in this TEU container vessels line 38-47 days duration of the Adjust to competition round trip Containership operational profile Transit time 40 days Vessel speed 20 knots Ship capacity 8000-9500 TEU Route Length 13810 sea miles 12 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Build the parametric model Using the CAESES/FRIENDSHIP- Framework • Geometry construction • Parameters support • Integrated computational attributes • Programming capabilities • Different designs creation • Built in optimization algorithms • Visualization and results evaluation tools 13 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Geometry construction Parameter dependent on Initial hull geometry Beam Rows number • Fore, middle and aft parts draft - Engine room aft extent bays aft • Parametric functional curves Engine room fwd extent bays aft, ER length • Elliptical cross section hatch height no tiers in hold Length b.p. no of bays Lackenby Transformation Length of cargo space no of bays, ER length length of deckhouse - Superstructure placed forward Tiers in hold - Tiers on deck - and E/R aft 14 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
How is the cargo stowed on board Advanced pre-programmed feature constructing the cargo spaces Calculation of cargo capacity, centers of gravity and moments Fully parametric method 15 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Integrated preliminary ship design Lackenby Transformation Parametric Transformed hull Hydrostatics Cargo Blocks Hull geometry Consumables Resistance & Lightship & Large Angle and Ballast Propulsion DWT Stability arrangement Loading cases EEDI & / Stowage Economics scenaria 16 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Trim and stability calculations Created internal large angle stability calculation tool Stability criteria applied: International Stability Code 2008 (container carriers) Adjustment of the centers of gravity towards meeting the criteria 17 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Loading cases calculations Loading case study based on adjusted centers of gravity for sufficient stability 2 loading cases identified: • Maximum TEU capacity • Zero ballast Parameters’ evaluation : ◦ Zero ballast case TEU capacity ◦ Weight per TEU-container ◦ Min Required ballast 18 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Design variables and constraints Design Variable Upper Limit Lower Limit num. of Bays 17 20 num. of Rows 15 20 num. of Tiers in hold 7 10 num. of Tiers on deck 7 9 double side 2 2.5 double bottom 1.8 3 relative bilge height (wrt. Depth) 0.1 1 relative bilge width (wrt. Beam) 0.1 1 relative parallel body length 0 0.3 relative parallel body position (from AP) 0.4 0.55 Δ Cp change of prismatic coef. -0.06 0.06 Δ XCB long. center of buoyancy change -0.02 0.02 Constraint Comparator Limit EEDI ratio attained/required less than 1 GM initial greater than/equal 0.15 GZ area 30 to 40 deg greater than/equal E 30-40 GZ area up to 30 deg greater than/equal E 30 GZ area up to 40 deg greater than/equal E 40 angle at max GZ greater than/equal 30 deg Trim at FLD less than/equal 0.5% L BP homogenous weight per TEU max capacity greater than/equal 6 t homogenous weight per TEU zero ballast greater than/equal 7 t 19 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Model sensitivity wrt. Change in parameters DRAFT CHANGE SPEED CHANGE Draft change sensitivity trials between 14,5 και 15 m Increased consumption and costs Decreased required ballast 20 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Investigate the problem domain space Pseudo-random algorithm for the variable allocation 𝑜𝑣𝑛𝑐𝑓𝑠 𝑝𝑔 𝑤𝑏𝑠𝑗𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑜𝑣𝑛𝑐𝑓𝑠 𝑝𝑔 𝑒𝑓𝑡𝑗𝑜 𝑤𝑏𝑠𝑗𝑏𝑐𝑚𝑓𝑡 2 Kept the initial investigation range and the baseline – reference design 21 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Optimization Genetic algorithm application – Parametric model construction NSGA II Draft investigation Speed investigation 3 optimization criteria: 1.5 m, 15 m 14.5m 18-26 kn 20 kn • Minimum required freight rate Baseline design • Maximum zero ballast capacity • Maximum ratio: 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑜 𝑒𝑓𝑑𝑙 Design of Experiment Sobol 500 variants 𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑜𝑓𝑠𝑡 𝑗𝑜 ℎ𝑝𝑚𝑒 Baseline Optimization round 1 NSGA II 6 generations, 50 population size Dominant variants: des 116, des 69 Design 116 Optimization round 2 NSGA II 6 generations, 50 population size Dominant variants: des 116, des 69 22 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Results evaluation Normalized efficiency indices (optimization criteria) Weighted average based on different scenarios weights Ranking of the different design variants Selection of the superior independently of the scenarios Scenario 1 2 3 Zero Ballast capacity 33% 40% 20% Stowage ratio 33% 40% 20% Required Freight Rate 33% 20% 40% 23 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
Structure Introduction • Container ship transportation • Computer Aided Ship Design • Integrated Ship Design • Parametric Design • Holistic design optimization • Port Efficiency Design of the 9000 TEU container carrier • Project goal • Ship operational plan • Parametric model • Sensitivity Analysis • Optimization Results and conclusion • Pareto front • Selected design • Conclusion • Further research suggestions 24 January 15 ILIAS SOULTANIAS
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