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Canberra, Australia 5 7 November 2019 Presented by Matthew Ferran - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 03, 2024 206 likes •396 views

Supporting Munitions Safety State of the Art about the Use of Data Loggers in Munition Health Management (MHM) PARARI 2019 Canberra, Australia 5 7 November 2019 Presented by Matthew Ferran Christelle Collet TSO Munitions Technology TSO

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Supporting Munitions Safety

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State of the Art about the Use of Data Loggers in Munition Health Management (MHM)

Christelle Collet TSO Propulsion Technology c.collet@msiac.nato.int Presented by Matthew Ferran TSO Munitions Technology m.ferran@msiac.nato.int

PARARI 2019 Canberra, Australia 5 – 7 November 2019

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Supporting Munitions Safety

What is Munition Health Management?

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Turning Data into Useful Information

Getting Data

Sensors Data logging Inspection Testing Experiment ►Procurement Actions ►Condition Code Changes ►Movement/Usage Actions

Taking Action

Failure Modes Analysis

Prior to any Data Collection: Culling Data

Comparisons Extremes Uncertainty

Making Data Useful

Available Processable Interpretable Actionable

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Supporting Munitions Safety

MSIAC Questionnaire on MHM

  • The data provided in this presentation are extracted from
  • Open literature
  • 2 surveys sent out to the nations in 2013 and in 2019
  • Answers received in 2013:
  • Australia
  • Belgium
  • Canada
  • Finland (no use of dataloggers

in operations)

  • Norway
  • The UK
  • Germany
  • The Netherlands (TNO

with MSIAC)

  • Sweden
  • And 2 exhibitions held in October 2014 and October 2019 at NATO HQ

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  • Answers received in 2019 (so far)
  • The UK
  • Canada
  • Singapore
  • Norway
  • USA
  • Germany
  • France
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Supporting Munitions Safety

Australia (2013)

  • Measurement of T (inside and outside storage) and RH in

6 storage locations:

  • Tropical (Darwin and Townsville)
  • Hot and dry (Edinburg and Stirling)
  • Temperate (Orchard Hills)
  • Cool (Fort Direction)
  • 6 types of building:
  • Light frangible brick
  • Light frangible steel
  • Earth covered
  • Heavy wall concrete
  • Tricon container
  • Observations:
  • Earth covered buildings retain higher temperatures

compared to light frangible brick buildings

  • Effect of building orientation on internal temperatures

appears to be limited

  • ISO containers have similar MKT to earth covered building

in winter, but the temperature fluctuations are greater

  • Monitoring in each building is important to use accurate

ageing data

  • Tropical locations have MKT higher than 25°C reference,

even in winter

  • Temperate locations have MKT well below the 25°C

reference in winter, and around 25°C in summer according to data from Myambat

  • AUS intents of placing dataloggers onboard ships to

measure vibration

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Canada (2013)

  • Measurement on 5 types of munitions under 6 storage

conditions (Explosive storehouse w/ or w/o A/C, sea can and open stack w/ or w/o sunshade) in Afghanistan

  • Loggers attached to the munitions, on container or within depot
  • T & RH measurement + HPLC analysis
  • Main conclusions
  • Ammunition stored in approved ammunition packaging and subjected

to various storage conditions in the Afghan theatre (i.e. open stack) proved to be within the ammo storage specification

  • However, ammunition that was taken out of packaging (e.g.

ammunition stored on the outside of combat vehicles, exposed to solar radiation) were subjected to temperature conditions exceeding the approved ammunition storage specification

  • Each storage condition provided a different level of thermal protection
  • The result of the surveillance testing & analysis indicated that

ammunition is safe under the various storage environments in deployed operations in Afghanistan. In particular from the HPLC testing propellant stabilizer results were much better than expected, ie. very little stabilizer degradation.

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Canada (2019)

Munition Health Monitoring Implementation in 2017

  • Canada has installed:
  • 4 shock trackers to monitor shock during loading, unloading and air

transportation

  • 4 humidity data loggers (1 in each sea container) have been installed

during 30 days sea shipment to monitor humidity

  • More than 100 IButton temperature data loggers have been installed
  • n different high value items
  • For verification purposes, 2 humidity/temperature data loggers have

been installed in each storage area to monitor ambient humidity/temperature in these storage areas.

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Supporting Munitions Safety

The Netherlands – TNO (2013 - 2019)

  • Measurement in several locations during the last +15 years:
  • Apache helicopters in Djibouti, 2001
  • Enduring Freedom, Kirgizië, 2002-2003
  • Tulip Guardian, (Patriots) Turkey, 2003
  • Mission Iraq, 2003-2004
  • Afghanistan, 2006-2010
  • Adana, Turkey (Patriots), since January 2013

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Norway (2013)

  • Measurement of T and RH with data logger in

ammunition stores onboard ships (Bay of Aden)

  • Data were exported to computer via USB
  • Main conclusions
  • The storage temperature was significantly higher than

expected for a long period of time  When these ships return from mission to harbor, and after reading of data, different ammunitions from these stores were disposed

  • The users are very satisfied with the data loggers

used: especially the accuracy, robustness, long battery lifetime and that they are user-friendly

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Norway (2019)

  • Norway has, since the last survey, continued to use data loggers for monitoring

temperature and humidity for ammunition deployed in international operations and on naval vessels.

  • Issues encountered:
  • The collection of data is handled manually
  • struggle to implement the data into their ammunition data system (AMSYS)
  • Lack of standardization on requirements for MHM technology
  • Verification of data provided by the technology
  • Implementation on expensive systems rather than on cheaper ones such as large calibre

artillery (but waiting for the CBA)

  • At the moment, there are no particular plans for extending the use of

dataloggers, or change in how data are handled and transferred to AMSYS

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Supporting Munitions Safety

United Kingdom (2019)

  • UK are currently expanding logging activities to help better define the generic environment and

also to develop understanding on particular systems

  • Examples include:
  • ‘Tiny Tag’ Environmental Data Loggers (EDL) have been placed within the packaging of GMLRS and Hellfire stored

in theatre

  • Deployment of T&H loggers (in frigates, destroyers and carriers to inform standards and qualification testing. Also,

continue to specifically measure one particular air to surface weapon

  • Efforts being made to collate and assess store house data in UK and overseas
  • T&H loggers continue to be deployed on operations as deemed necessary but not on a consistent basis
  • RAF looking at fitting all air launched weapons with T&H loggers
  • Integrated loggers now starting to become more and more common in the requirements stage
  • Since 2016, UK are the lead of the NATO

Smart Defense Initiative Working Group on MHM:

  • The aim is to prepare a guide gathering best practices
  • n the implementation of MHM
  • Current participants include GBR, USA, CAN, NLD, BEL,

NOR, GER, AUT, AUS

  • Final draft expected December 2019 – First issue in 2020

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Other Contributions

  • Germany (2013)
  • In Afghanistan, there was a campaign running to collect local data of environment. Data

loggers from the German industry were also collected, which record temperature, humidity and shock close to stored ammunition. All data is electronically collected.

  • Sweden (2013)
  • Sensors/loggers aboard our Counter Piracy vessel(s) in the Bay of Aden and on our vessels in

the Mediterranean.

  • Monitoring has also been done inside packing, stores and vehicles in Afghanistan and also as

stand-alone sensors, to monitor temperature, humidity, and acceleration/vibration. One manufacturer of monitor used is Tinytag

  • Singapore (2019)
  • Currently the MHM technologies are tagged to storage facilities rather than by munition
  • There is little information regarding MHM technologies suitable for conventional ammunitions.

These ammunitions are low-cost but large quantities

  • Turkey (2013 to 2019)
  • In 2013, Roketsan had starting a service life monitoring study with

Dual Bond Stress Temperature (DBST) sensors. The scope of this study was observing the alterations in propellant stress and thermal during temperature cycles and accelerated ageing.

  • In 2018, a new study with new DBST sensors began. The aim is to

monitor the curing and ageing characteristics of the propellant.

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Cost Benefit Analysis (2019)

Is it worth implementing MHM in your munition stockpile? A cost benefit analysis (CBA) was conducted on different items (from simple weapon systems to a complex guided missile) in order to answer this question Artillery shells stored in Afghanistan and being returned to Canada:

  • The main failure mode is related to premature ageing: unexpected ignition due to stabilizer depletion due to a harsh

storage environment

  • Severity as per MILSTD-882: catastrophic
  • Probability level will be frequent if nothing is done

 In-Service Surveillance is mandatory

The CBA conducted in this case shows that a huge net benefit is expected when implementing data loggers and perform HPLC tests on the munitions being considered for life extension (“reconstituted”) vs the “Do Nothing” strategy

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Supporting Munitions Safety

MHM CDT Objectives

  • The Cooperative Demonstration of Technology on “Innovative Solutions for Munition Health

Management” is a NATO Nations R&D initiative in the STO Applied Vehicle Technology Panel to revolutionize the way health and safety of munitions is monitored, analysed, predicted and managed

  • Applicable to Sea, Air & Land Munitions under storage and operational conditions
  • The CDT aims at:
  • Showcasing the benefit: not only on the technology, but also on life cycle costs
  • Engaging end users and several stakeholders
  • MSIAC and STO have been coordinated the organisation of a first MHM CDT event in 2014
  • A second edition was held at NATO HQ 8-10 October 2019

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Supporting Munitions Safety

The 2019 MHM CDT

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Supporting Munitions Safety

The 2019 MHM CDT

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Conclusion (1/2)

  • Nations are using data loggers more and more to monitor the munitions environmental

conditions

  • These measurement campaigns really helped the nations to better understand their storage

conditions

  • They got a better knowledge of the real environment munitions are exposed to
  • Measurements show that the storage conditions (temperature) could be extreme, and

sometime for a long duration.

  • The effects were more or less important (from negligible to disposal): system and time of exposure dependent
  • Location of the sensors is important:
  • the measured conditions could be different than those seen by the munition itself.
  • Measurement technologies are generally simple (mostly T & RH with EDL) and transferred

manually (USB) but the trend is to have more and more wireless sensors which help automating the process of collecting the data. EDL are placed inside packaging, within depot,

  • r onboard platforms.
  • User friendly, accuracy, robustness, long battery life seem to be the most important

parameters for the loggers.

  • Research & technology programs have been performed to develop smart sensors and

networks, and they are now implemented in some programs.

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Supporting Munitions Safety

Conclusion (2/2)

  • The implementation of MHM has become true and it was proved to

provide benefits on safety and life cycle costs

  • Many challenges remain to overcome
  • Data: How to deal with such a great collection of data? How to verify the

data? How to be sure that the data are collected? How to guarantee the security of data transmission?

  • Policy: Lack of standardization
  • Cost: On which item/platform is it profitable to implement MHM? Only for

high value munitions?

  • The output of the 2013 survey is captured in the

technical report L-193

  • The responses to the 2019 survey will be

captured in an upcoming limited report

  • A Limited Report will also be issued on Cost

Benefit Analysis conducted on different examples

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