Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces related issues and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces related issues and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 11, 2022 22 likes •248 views

Ministry of Economy Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR) Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces related issues and potential solutions Ms. Alice Mariana DIMA Director, Nuclear Projects and Strategies Department Nuclear Agency

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SLIDE 1

Ministry of Economy

Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR)

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Back End strategy in Romania(I): interfaces related issues and potential solutions

  • Ms. Alice Mariana DIMA

Director, Nuclear Projects and Strategies Department Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

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SLIDE 2

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Romania has a very active nuclear sector, and has most stages of the nuclear fuel cycle ➢ uraniumminingand milling ➢ nuclearfuel fabrication ➢ nuclear power generation (CANDU reactors) ➢ radioactive waste and spent fuel storage ➢ repository for disposal of institutional LLW ➢ nuclearresearch facilities

Nuclear Sector in Romania

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

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SLIDE 3

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SAFE MANAGEMENT OF RW & SNF

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

National Strategy

  • A. Policy
  • B. National Programme
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SLIDE 4

National Policy Institutional responsibilities in RWM

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

NuclearAgency and forRadioactiveWaste (ANDR) from 2004 ➢ Support for the nuclear energy development in Romania (power and non –power applications), exclusively for peaceful purposes ➢ Responsible for disposal of radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF), and ensure at national level the coordinationof the nuclear installations decommissioningprocesses NationalCommission ForNuclearActivities Control(CNCAN)from1996 ➢ is the regulatory authority inthe nuclear field ➢ elaborates the strategy andthe policy for regulation,licensingandcontrol Waste producers ➢ Responsible for predisposal activities ofSNF andRW andfordecommissioningof their facilities; ➢ Bear the expenses related to the collection, handling, transport, treatment, conditioning, storage and disposal of its wastes ➢ Pay the annual contributions to the funds for disposal of SNF andRW andfordecommissioningof nuclear facilities OtherNationalauthorities (Ministries of Environment,of Health,of Economy)– involvedinthe licensing process Research and education institutions – national technical, scientific and sociologic support in the disposal program implementation

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SLIDE 5

Nuclear Agency and for Radioactive Waste (ANDR)

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Responsibilities ➢ Support for the nuclear energy development in Romania (power and non –power applications), exclusively for peaceful purposes ➢ Responsible for disposal of radioactive waste (RW) and spent nuclear fuel (SNF), and ensure at national level the coordinationof the nuclear installations decommissioningprocesses Main project in progress ➢ Final repository for low andinterimlevel waste : DFDSMA ➢ National Strategy for safe management of RW andSNF inRomania ➢ Select the host rock for the geological repository

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SLIDE 6

Elements of RWM Policy 1/3

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

➢ Romania has adopted the open fuel cycle ➢ Spent fuel produced by research reactors shall be returned back to origin countries ➢ Decommissioning of nuclear installations and final disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste should be implemented as soon as reasonably possible ➢ The final point of management for all radioactive waste is final disposal ➢ The final disposal of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste will only be carried out by state organizations ➢ All waste generators must have the financial resources to implement the National Program through contributions to the Radioactive Waste Management Fund and to the Decommissioning Fund.

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SLIDE 7

Elements of RWM Policy 2/3

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

➢ The policy on the management of spent fuel and radioactive waste is set by the Government and implemented by the responsible organizations involved. This Policy includes: ➢ A set of fundamental principles on ethical, security and environmental issues. ➢ A set of government policy decisions requiring management

  • ptions to be implemented.

➢ Legal and regulatory framework defining control measures for final management and storage. ➢ Defining the responsibilities of organizations involved in final management and storage activities

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SLIDE 8

Elements of RWM Policy 3/3 Financing scheme

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Two funds are constituted since 2007:

✓ radioactive waste managementfund

✓ 1,4 euro/MWh

✓ decommissioningfund

✓ 0,6 euro/MWh.

The contributionscome only from NPP.

✓ For the institutional waste, finances came from the state budget. ✓ The level of contributions is assessed and up-dated each 5 years.

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SLIDE 9

CERNAVODA NPP

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

➢ 2 x CANDU 6 reactors (each 700 MW) ➢ Unit 1 commissioned in 1996, due for refurbishment in c. 2026 ➢ Unit 2 commissioned in 2007 ➢ Units 3 and 4 proposals in place for new build

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SLIDE 10

Radioactive Waste Generators and waste type

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

SNN – Cernavoda NPP: ➢ Spent nuclear fuel bundles generated from operation of 2 CANDU Units; ➢ Radioactive waste (solid, liquid, mixed) generated from

  • peration

and maintenance; ➢ Radioactive waste generated from decommissioning.

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SLIDE 11

Main R&D INSTALATION FROM Nuclear Field

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

“HORIA HULUBEI” Nation Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering(IFIN-HH): ➢ Radioactive waste (solid, liquid, spent sealed sources) generated from nuclear and radiological IFIN-HH facilities; Research reactor ➢ VVER – shutdown in 1997, under decommissioning(IFIN-HHBucharest) ➢ all SF (enriched U) was sent back to the Russian Federation ➢ Radioactive waste generated from the decommissioningof VVR-S researchreactor.

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SLIDE 12

Main R&D INSTALATION FROM Nuclear Field

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Research reactor ➢ TRIGA 14 MW – in operation from1979 (ICNMioveni) ➢ all HEU SF was sent back to USA ➢ core conversionsince 2004 - LEU SF managementbyRomanian authorities Waste type ➢ Spent nuclear fuel assemblies resulted from the operation of TRIGA research reactor; ➢ Radioactive waste (solid, liquid, spent sealed sources) generated by nuclear and radiological ICN facilities.

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SLIDE 13

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Extreme Light Infrastructure-NuclearPhysics (ELI-NP)

Main objective of ALFRED: ➢ to demonstrate the viability of LFR technology ➢ to perform all preparatory activities (technical design, licensing, siting,…) ➢ to build a demonstration installation of 125 MWe

AdvancedLeadFast ReactorEuropeanDemonstrator (ALFRED)

➢ co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund ➢ ELI-NP is going to be the most advanced research facility in the world focusing on the study of photonuclear physics and its applications, comprising a very high intensity laser (two 10PW ultra-short pulse lasers) and the most brilliant gamma-ray beam.

Main R&D INSTALATION FROM Nuclear Field

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SLIDE 14

Romanian Nuclear Fuel Cycle

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

The 51st Session of the Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC) Paris , NEA/OECD - 25 - 26 April 2018

Uranium Mining and Milling Chemical Conversion and Purification Native Uranium Ore CANDU Nuclear Fuel Plant CANDU 6 Type NPP 2 Reactors in operation Spent Nuclear Fuel Reactor Cooling Pool (6 years) CANDU Type Spent Nuclear Fuel Interim Storage MACSTORE Technology (50 years) Final Disposal or Recycling (outside the country) CANDU Type Fresh Nuclear Fuel Assembly

FCN Pitesti Cernavoda NPP CNU S.A. DICA Storage Facility “Feldioara” Plant

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SLIDE 15

Romanian long term strategy

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Type of Liability Long Term Management Policy Funding of Liabilities Current Practice / Facilities Planned Facilities Spent Fuel NPP ✓ No reprocessing yet ✓ Storage for 50 y ✓ Deep geological Research reactors ✓ Return in origin countries (VVR-S, TRIGA) ✓ NPP - Contribution to fund ✓ Research reactor - State budget ✓ NPP

  • wet storage
  • dry storage

✓ Research reactor

  • wet storage
  • Return to origin countries

Deep geological (2055) Nuclear Fuel Cycle Waste Near surface (SL) Deep geological (LL) Contribution to fund State budget Storage on site Near surface disposal 2023 Deep geological Applications Waste Near surface (SL) Deep geological (LL) User pays State budget ✓ treatment, conditioning and storage on site ✓ Near surface disposal Deep geological (2055) Decommissioning Liabilities (1) NPP -Safe enclosure RR -Immediate dismantling NPP - Contribution to fund Research reactors - State budget NPP No decom. Plan VVR-S Approved decom. Plan LL, HLW Deep geological (2055) Disused Sealed Sources Return to producer Storage/disposal User pays Return to producer Storage/disposal LL-Deep geological (2055)

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SLIDE 16

Radioactive waste management in Romania

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

LILW-SL Research sites Other institutions Cernavoda NPP Interim on -site storage Treatment DFDSMA Repository LILW-SL On-Site Waste Treatment Plant Biata Bihor Repository LILW-SL

Spent fuel Research sites Cernavoda NPP Cooling pond Repatriation to country of origin Cooling pond LILW -LL Research sites Other institutions Cernavoda NPP Interim on -site storage Treatment On -Site Waste Treatment Plant Interim on -site storage Geological Repository Spent fuel / LILW

  • LL

DICA Interim Dry Store Encapsulation Plant

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SLIDE 17

Fuel Management Strategy

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

The Cernavoda NPP stretgy for the safe use of CANDU nuclear fuel resulting from the operation of Units 1 and Unit 2 of Cernavoda NPP is the following:

  • wet storage in the burning fuel tank of each reactor for a minimum of 6 years;
  • dry storage in the dry intermediate fuel storage facility for a 50 year period.

Small quantities of spent nuclear fuel that have been transported from Cernavoda NPP to RATEN ICN for post-irradiation examination will be stored intermediate in storage wells located in hot alpha-gamma cells with heavy concrete walls in the Post Examination Laboratory Irradiance

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SLIDE 18

Interim Dry Spent Fuel Storage

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

➢ The Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage for Cernavoda is the MACSTOR system. ➢ The MACSTOR (Modular Air Cooled STORage) System is designed for storing fuel, which has been cooled for a period of six years. ➢ It consists of storage modules located above ground in the storage site, and equipment operated at the spent fuel storage bay for preparing the spent fuel for dry storage. ➢ The spent fuel is transferred from the preparation area to the storage site using a shielded transfer flask and a transporter. ➢ The Intermediate Dry Spent Fuel Storage Facility consist of concrete modules (currently MACSTOR 200 units), provided with cylinders for storage. ➢ CNE Cernavoda has carried out the necessary studies to switch to the MACSTOR 400 module which, compared to the MACSTOR 200 module, has a double storage capacity (24,000 fuel bundles)

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

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SLIDE 19

Interim Dry Spent Fuel Storage

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Unit 1 34.958 Irradiated Fuel Bundles in the Bays Unit 2 32.728 Irradiated Fuel Bundles in the Bays Dry Storage – DICA 84.000 Irradiated Fuel Bundles

According the National Strategy of Safe Management of RW and SNF on Cernavoda NPP inventories of Spent Nuclear Fuel bundle at 31December 2016:

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SLIDE 20

Geological Disposal

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Reference concept selected Site selected Repository construction begins URL constructed Disposal

  • perations

begin Repository closed 2025 2020 2030 2045 2055 2150

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SLIDE 21

Conclusions

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

➢ The agreed management end-state for spent fuel and LILW-LL is geological disposal, and a single repository will be constructed for all spent fuel from the 4 CANDU reactor units at the Cernavoda site, and also for all LILW-LL. ➢ Given that the dry store for spent fuels at the Cernavoda site has a design life of 50 years, there is no requirement for a geological repository to be operational early ➢ Current activities are limited, and focused on planning and preparation of a long-term programme for the implementation of the geological repository. ➢ The repository will then become operational in around 2055 and there will be parallel phases of construction and operation until the repository is closed in around 2150

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Nuclear Installations 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100 2120 Unit 1 Cernavoda Unit 2 Cernavoda Unit 3 Cernavoda Unit 4 Cernavoda DICA DFDSMA Geological Repository Operation Refurbishment Safe closer Decomminissiong

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SLIDE 22

D.I. Mendeleev Street no. 21-25, District 1, Bucharest, Romania

  • Tel. : +4 021 316 80 01 Fax: +4 021 312 14 10 E-mail: contact@agentianucleara.ro
  • www. agentianucleara.ro

Technical Meeting on Integrated Approaches to the Back End of the Fuel Cycle, Vienna, 17-19 July 2018

Thank You!

alice.dima@agentianucleara.ro www.agentianucleara.ro