Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development 4-6 October 2018, Agadir, Morocco Assessing the chemical/microbiological contamination and productivity in the agricultural production chain of model fruit species grown under irrigation with different kinds of reclaimed wastewater M. Del Bubba , M.C Bruzzoniti , E. Coppini, N. Ouazzani, L. Mandi , E. Al-Karablieh, A. Kettab, and N. Boujelben Presented by Dr. Emad Al-Karablieh Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Management. School of Agriculture The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Assessing the chemical/microbiological contamination and Assessing the chemical/microbiological contamination and Assessing the chemical/microbiological contamination and Assessing the chemical/microbiological contamination and productivity in the agricultural production chain of productivity in the agricultural production chain of productivity in the agricultural production chain of productivity in the agricultural production chain of model fruit species grown under irrigation with different model fruit species grown under irrigation with different model fruit species grown under irrigation with different model fruit species grown under irrigation with different kinds of reclaimed wastewater kinds of reclaimed wastewater kinds of reclaimed wastewater kinds of reclaimed wastewater IRRIGATIO PROJECT IRRIGATIO PROJECT IRRIGATIO PROJECT IRRIGATIO PROJECT ERANETMED_WATER-13-069 1 May 2016 – 30 April 2019 http://www.irrigatioproject.eu Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Objectives Objectives Objectives Objectives - To support a techno-economic optimization of wastewater treatment lines and their management in order to produce TW compatible with agriculture irrigation practices. - To assess the chemical and microbial contamination of TW. - To evaluate the effect of wastewater irrigation on soil, in terms of either contamination or fertility. - To assess the microbial contamination of the selected plant species - To assess the chemical contamination in the plant organs and to evaluate the resulting phyto-toxicity and/or health aspects - To monitor cultivated plants growth, development and fruit production and characteristics - To obtain reliable indications about the feasibility of wastewater reuse and the precautions and procedures to be adopted, relating to the different Mediterranean areas involved and different wastewater treatments used Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Objectives Objectives Objectives Objectives - To evaluate and possibly increase the social acceptance of TW reuse practice for agricultural irrigation. - To evaluate the economic value of the TW compared with the one of FW, thus suggesting appropriate pricing policies for TW use for irrigation. - To estimate possible health-related effects of waterborne diseases in the TW-exposed population. - To disseminate information and project results aiming at increasing farmer interest and social acceptance in the use of TW for agriculture irrigation. - To assess the best practices of wastewater treatment and irrigation that allow beneficial and safe reuse of TW, gathering them in a technical guide of “good practices”. Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Partnership Partnership Partnership Partnership PC University of Florence Department of Chemistry, Italy Partner 2 Partner 1 GIDA S.p.A., University of Turin Gestione Impianti Department of Chemistry, Depurazione Acque S.p.A., Italy Italy Partner 3 Partner 4 University Cadi Ayyad, Faculty of Sciences The University of Jordan, Semlalia, Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Hydrobiology, Ecotoxicology Agricultural Economics and and Sanitation, Agribusiness Management, Morocco Jordan Partner 5 Partner 6 Polytechnic National School, National Engineering School of Sfax, Research Laboratory of Laboratory of Water Energy and Water Sciences, Environment, Algeria Tunisia Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Work progress and achievement in relation to the foreseen objectives Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
To support the techno-economic optimization of wastewater treatment lines and their management in order to produce treated water compatible with agriculture irrigation practices The partners involved in this objective ( PC, Partner 2 and Partner 3 ) have successfully accomplished the implementation of pilot plants devoted to the treatment of mixed urban-industrial wastewater. Partner 2: implementation of a low- Partner 3 realized various pilot plants for the treatment of cost and low-technology treatment mixed urban-agro industrial (olive mill wastewater) stage based on a submerged flow, sewages, testing them for the removal efficiency in terms horizontal/vertical constructed of several macro-parameters. wetland (CW) treating the effluent of a membrane biological reactor (MBR) Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Assessment of the chemical and microbial contamination of treated waters (TWs) Constant monitoring of the TWs used by all Partners for the irrigation of model plant species (strawberry and olive) 1. basic quality parameters ( all Partners ): total suspended solids, pH, COD, electrical conductivity, N and P species, Cl - , SO 4 2- 2. organic micropollutants ( PC, Partners 1,3,4 ) ethoxylated alkylphenols (APEOs), their carboxylic (APECs) and phenolic (APs) degradation products, selected perfluorinated carboxylic and sulfonic acids (PFAAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 3. heavy metals ( all Partners ): Al, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, total Cr and Cr(VI) 4. microbial contamination ( Partners 2, 3, 4, 5 ) Escherichia coli , Enterococcu s, Salmonella , Coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Clostridium perfrigens Difficulties to accomplish the same kind of analysis were experienced among Partners, due to limited financial resources and expertise Capacity building actions are in progress Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Assessment of the chemical and microbial contamination of treated waters (TWs) 1. microbial contamination Escherichia coli , Enterococcu s, Salmonella , Coliforms, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Clostridium perfrigens Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Evaluation of the effects of the irrigation with TWs on soil, in terms of both contamination and fertility For Algeria, field experiments For Italia, Jordan, Morocco, Tunisia, experiments are conducted for vine are currently conducted in: o pots (strawberry) o mesocosms (olives) A number of basic quality parameters, some organic and inorganic micropollutants, as well as selected microbiological indicators have been determined before (all Partners) and after irrigation (data in progress), in order to assess changes in soil fertility and pollution, eventually occurred. Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Monitoring of cultivated plants growth, development and fruit production and characteristics OLIVE Partner 3 , 4 and 6 monitored growth parameters (length of the main stem, diameter of the stem, number of leaves and number of buds per plant), physiological parameters (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll rates), height and diameter of olive trees. No data regarding olives fruit are available due to the lack of fruit production during year 2017, probably attributable to transplant stress. STRAWBERRY Overall, PC, Partners 4 and 5 provided some information for strawberry (leaf number, plant height, crown diameter, number of buds in the crown, SPAD index ) PC and Partner 1 assessed the absence of transfer of contamination by organic micropollutants Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
Evaluation of the economic value of TW compared to the one of FW Establishing economic value for water is considered to be one of the most discussed and debated issues related to economic efficiency of water use and its allocation. Determinants of Farmers' Water Value of Fresh water versus Investigation of the impact TWW by crop Type Acceptance of Treated Wastewater of TW reuse on human in Irrigated Agriculture health Water Value - Net Profitability (US$/m3) Results Shows that Water Quality and 1200 Fresh Water Incidence of Diarrheal Diseases per Blended Treated Quantity that farmers received, 10,000 Person Crop Type (KAC)) Wastewater) Educational Level, Irrigation System, 1000 0.42 0.51 Field Crops NJV Holding Types, Cropping Pattern- Cash 1.92 2.06 MJV Vegetable-W Crops are likely to be the major 800 SJV 1.47 1.42 Vegetable-S determinants for the acceptance to Jordan 0.68 0.55 Citrus use. 600 0.96 0.52 Fruit Trees 0.93 1.06 Total 400 200 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Managing Water Scarcity in River Basins: Innovation and Sustainable Development
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