Archaeological Resources Expected and Unexpected, the Challenges John M. Foster, RPA Greenwood and Associates GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Determining Impacts, the Process: 1. Inventory: research, survey, consultation, and report; 2. Evaluation of Resources to determine importance and integrity; 3. Assess impacts to important resources; 4. Recommend treatment as warranted based on potential impacts ◦ A. Avoidance ◦ B. Excavation (data recovery) GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Two Case Studies Los Angeles Chinatown, Metropolitan Transportation Agency, Union Station Pierano’s General Store, Ventura Redevelopment Agency, City of Ventura GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Los Angeles Chinatown ca. 1880 - 1933 JOHN M. FOSTER, RPA SENIOR ARCHAEOLOGIST GREENWOOD AND ASSOCIATES GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Where? GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Union Station Today with Subway Station Overlay GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
In the beginning it’s all about the research Personnel Consultants: and Glass beads Consultants Dental items Elemental Constituent Analysis Art Objects Nuts and Seeds Greenwood and Associates Staff: Faunal analysis Principal Investigator Fish bone analysis Project Manager Translators (11 persons) 2 Field Directors Asian Coins Bottles 1 (overworked) Laboratory Director Historical Groups 34 field archaeologists ◦ Chinese Historical Society of Southern California ◦ Southern Pacific Historical and Technical Society, Michael Jarel, Director 12 laboratory technicians ◦ Golden West Press, Michael Duke ◦ Interurban Press, Jim Walker Several monitors ◦ Troxel Models, Ed Kielty ◦ Huntington Library, Brita Mack ◦ Natural History of Los Angeles County, William Mason ◦ Regional History Center, University of Southern California, Dace Taube ◦ California State University, Northridge, Dr. David Hornbeck, Digital Services GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Place GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
People and Community GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Laborers GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Professionals GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Buildings GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Buildings and Streets GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Union Station Before Construction GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Union Station Under Construction GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
THE ARCHAEOLOGY GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Challenge? You gotta do it fast… Because if you don’t – There are trains waiting… There are 1,000 Construction Personnel waiting…. GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Excavation GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Excavators GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Artifact Recovery GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Artifacts Chinese Figurines GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Utilitarian Toothbrushes Hair Comb GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Medicine GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Containers and Tableware Artifacts are curated at the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
What made the project successful? The MTA recognized its responsibilities early in the planning process and hired a cultural resource team to conduct extensive research on each station in order to save time and money during construction. Extensive research by the archaeological team prepared the way for efficient and effective recovery of important resources. GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
In the End? Approximately 4 million artifacts were recovered as well as dozens of archaeological features Streets, building footings, refuse deposits, and other items were documented and recovered The project resumed on time and an important part of the City’s heritage was protected and today provides For continuing education for the citizens of Los Angeles GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Pierano’s General Store Adaptive Re-Use Project Redevelopment Agency, Ventura, California SEPTEMBER 10, 1991 24 YEARS AGO TODAY GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Downtown Ventura GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Pierano’s Market Today as a Restaurant GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Project: The undertaking was originally designed to include a general clean-out of interior furnishings, discards, and structural debris; removal of the flooring; and excavation of a trench below the crawl space in Delivery Room 2 GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
When the wood floors were removed: 1,000 1880 Beer Bottles were found Hundreds of Chinese Artifacts were recovered AND BELOW THAT? GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Ventura Mission Lavanderia (Clothes Washing) ca. 1780s – 1800s GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
The Project went on hold until Archaeologists were called in. The Challenge: Recover the artifacts Document the features Preserve the important features Provide a means for the project to continue GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
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Santa Barbara Mission Lavanderia GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
What the archaeologists did: Dated the beer bottles to the ca. 1880s and removed them Recovered and identified the Chinese artifacts Exposed and identified the Mission feature, documented it, and recommended Preservation in place Found an alternative location for the utility trench GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Why didn’t the City know about the resources prior to construction? Up to the 1980s and 90s there was an assumption that any archaeological resources under extant buildings would have been destroyed. GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
What made the project successful? 1. There was an archaeological team with experience with the same resources on call. 2. The City was flexible enough to build around the resource to preserve it GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
In the End? The City was able to preserve an important piece of Ventura History, and find ways to implement the adaptive re-use of an historic structure. GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
Questions GREENWOOD-ASSOCIATES.COM
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