Antoine Kremer oaks & vineyard 2 GENUS QUERCUS CLIMATE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
antoine kremer oaks amp vineyard
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Antoine Kremer oaks & vineyard 2 GENUS QUERCUS CLIMATE - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Nov 25, 2022 148 likes •702 views

ADAPTATION OF FOREST TREES TO CLIMATE HOW MUCH CAN WE LEARN FROM THE PAST TO ADDRESS THE FUTURE ? Antoine Kremer oaks & vineyard 2 GENUS QUERCUS CLIMATE CHANGE DURING THE HOLOCENE Variations in northern hemisphere temperature, C

slide-1
SLIDE 1

ADAPTATION OF FOREST TREES TO CLIMATE HOW MUCH CAN WE LEARN FROM THE PAST TO ADDRESS THE FUTURE ?

Antoine Kremer

slide-2
SLIDE 2

2

  • aks & vineyard
slide-3
SLIDE 3

GENUS QUERCUS

slide-4
SLIDE 4

CLIMATE CHANGE DURING THE HOLOCENE

McMichael AJ 2012 PNAS 109 4730-4737

Variations in northern hemisphere temperature, °C (relative to mean temperature during 1960–1980), averaged from multiple sources published since 2007.

slide-5
SLIDE 5

CLIMATE CHANGE DURING THE ANTHROPOCENE

Briffa K.R. et al. 2001 Journal of Geophysical Research 106 2929-2941

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Postglacial oak recolonisation documented by pollen deposits

15 ka (= 15000 years) 14 ka 13 ka 12 ka 11 ka 10 ka Younger Dryas/Holocene Last Glacial/Late Glacial

Giesecke et al. 2017 J.Biogeography 44: 1441-1456

slide-7
SLIDE 7

9 ka 8 ka 7 ka 6 ka 5 ka 4 ka

Postglacial oak recolonisation documented by pollen deposits

Giesecke et al. 2017 J.Biogeography 44: 1441-1456

slide-8
SLIDE 8

> 3000 populations, 42 haplotypes

DISTRIBUTION OF CpDNA HAPLOTYPES IN EUROPEAN WHITE OAKS

Petit et al 2002. Forest Ecology and Management 156: 5-26 http://gd2.pierroton.inra.fr/

slide-9
SLIDE 9

DISTRIBUTION OF HAPLOTYPES OF THE ATLANTIC (B) LINEAGE

Petit et al 2002. Forest Ecology and Management 156: 5-26 http://gd2.pierroton.inra.fr/

slide-10
SLIDE 10

DISTRIBUTION OF HAPLOTYPES OF THE CENTRAL (C) LINEAGE

Petit et al 2002. Forest Ecology and Management 156: 5-26 http://gd2.pierroton.inra.fr/

slide-11
SLIDE 11

DISTRIBUTION OF HAPLOTYPES OF THE EASTERN (A) LINEAGE

Petit et al 2002. Forest Ecology and Management 156: 5-26 http://gd2.pierroton.inra.fr/

slide-12
SLIDE 12

EVOLUTIONARY TRAJECTORIES DURING THE HOLOCENE

EXTINCTION ADAPTATION

low latitude high latitude Source population 15 000 BP Present

Kremer A. 2016 CR Biologies 339: 263-267

ADAPTATION

slide-13
SLIDE 13

CHANGES OF RANGE DISTRIBUTION DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

EXPANSION RANGE SHIFT

slide-14
SLIDE 14

low latitude high latitude Source population 15 000 BP Present

SYNCHRONIC vs ALLOCHRONIC EVOLUTIONARY RECONSTRUCTIONS

Kremer A. 2016 CR Biologies 339: 263-267

Paleoecology, Evolution Paleogenomics Genetics, Genomics, Ecology

slide-15
SLIDE 15

1

EXPANSION-RAPID MIGRATION

4 2

INTROGRESSION

3

LOCAL ADAPTATION MAINTENANCE OF DIVERSITY

slide-16
SLIDE 16

1

EXPANSION-RAPID MIGRATION

4 2

INTROGRESSION

3

LOCAL ADAPTATION MAINTENANCE OF DIVERSITY

slide-17
SLIDE 17

OAK POLLEN ISOCHRONE MAP (1000 years intervals)

EPD, European Pollen Data base, Université de Marseille

ON AVERAGE THE MIGRATION OF OAKS WAS EXTREMELY RAPID: 400 METERS PER YEAR

Brewer et al 2002 Forest Ecology & Management 161: 27-48 Giesecke et al. 2017, J.Biogeography 44: 1441-1456

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Quercus 11000 cal. BP Quercus 8000 cal. BP

Giesecke T. 2016 New Phytologist 212:15-18

slide-19
SLIDE 19

DISPERSION BY DIFFUSION

vitesse = 100 mètres/an

Le Corre et al, 1997 Genet. Res. 69 : 117-125

slide-20
SLIDE 20

DIFFUSION + RARE LONG DISTANCE DISPERSION (LDD)

vitesse = 100 mètres/an vitesse = 400 mètres/an

Le Corre et al, 1997 Genet. Res. 69 : 117-125

slide-21
SLIDE 21

COMPARATIVE RATES OF DISPERSION Diffusion

Dispersion law = N(0, sd1 = 250 m)

Diffusion + LDD

Dispersion law = N (0, sd1= 250 m) + 5*10-6 N(0, sd2=50 km) 100 m/year 400 m/year

Le Corre et al, 1997 Genet. Res. 69 : 117-125

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Kremer A 2015 International oaks 26:19-29

« When the cereals become rare, they dry the acorns, they shell them and grind them to make a flour and finally to produce bread. Today, even in the Hispanias, acorns are also part of desserts.» Naturalis Historia

Pliny the Elder (23-79)

slide-23
SLIDE 23

1

EXPANSION-RAPID MIGRATION

4 2

INTROGRESSION

3

LOCAL ADAPTATION MAINTENANCE OF DIVERSITY

slide-24
SLIDE 24

WHITE OAKS IN FRANCE

slide-25
SLIDE 25

STRICT ISOLATION (SI) CONSTANT MIGRATION (CM) ANCIENT MIGRATION (AM) SECONDARY CONTACTS (SC)

3524 SNPS + whole genome sequences Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) and Diffusion Approximation to the joint frequency spectrum vs. vs. vs.

  • Post. Proba. (SI)
  • Post. Proba. (AM)
  • Post. Proba. (CM)
  • Post. Proba. (SC)

<0.001 0.896 0.103 0.001 <0.001 0.933 0.067 <0.001 <0.001 0.991 <0.001 0.009

TIMING AND PATTERNS OF CONTACTS IN EUROPEAN WHITE OAKS

robur vs pyrenaica robur vs petraea petraea vs pubescens Leroy et al. 2017 New Phytologist 214: 865-878

slide-26
SLIDE 26

SECONDARY CONTACTS (SC)

Timing of SC (Tsc) Mean CI95%

11,970 [3,100-40,500] 14,870 [4,300-40,500] 21,760 [7,700-62,400]

vs. vs. vs.

TIMING OF SECONDARY CONTACTS IN EUROPEAN WHITE OAKS

Hubert F et al. 2014 Systematics and Biodiversity 12 : 405-423 Leroy T et al. 2017 New Phytologist 214: 865-878 Leroy T et al. 2018 bioRxiv: 246637 robur vs pyrenaica robur vs petraea petraea vs pubescens

Tsplit Tsc

slide-27
SLIDE 27
  • Q. robur (Pedunculate oak)

50 km

Orléans Angers

50 km

  • Q. petraea (Sessile oak)

Angers Orléans

Two oak species share the same haplotypes when they cohabit in the same forest = the outcome of repeated unidirectional backrossings

Petit et al. 1996 PNAS 94 : 9996-10001

EVIDENCE OF INTROGRESSION : SHARING OF CHLOROPLAST HAPLOTYPES

slide-28
SLIDE 28
  • Q. petraea (Sessile oak)
  • Q. robur (Pedunculate oak)

DISPERSION OF QUERCUS ROBUR

slide-29
SLIDE 29

HYBRIDIZATION

POLLEN OF QUERCUS PETRAEA

slide-30
SLIDE 30

RECURRENT ASSYMETRIC BACKCROSSINGS

Petit RJ et al 2003 New Phytologist 161(1):151-164.

slide-31
SLIDE 31

1

EXTINCTIONS

4 2

EXPANSION - MIGRATION

3

LOCAL ADAPTATION MAINTENANCE OF DIVERSITY

slide-32
SLIDE 32

COMMON GARDEN EXPERIMENTS Provenance tests planted in the early 90s (23 tests and >100 provenances)

32

slide-33
SLIDE 33

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

  • 0.04
  • 0.02

0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 Survival (rate) Annual dryness index transfer distance France Germany Great Britain Turkey Poland

(a)

POPULATION VARIATION OF SURVIVAL IN RESPONSE TO THE TRANSFER

Saenz-Romero et al., 2017 Global Change Biology 23:2831-2847

slide-34
SLIDE 34

100 200 300 400 500 600

  • 0.06
  • 0.03

0.00 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.12 0.15

Tree height (cm) Growing season dryness index transfer distance Denmark France Germany Great Britain Turkey Poland

(b)

Saenz-Romero et al., 2017 Global Change Biology 23:2831-2847

POPULATION VARIATION OF GROWTH IN RESPONSE TO THE TRANSFER

slide-35
SLIDE 35

HEIGHT BUD BURST CROWN ARCHITECTURE SURVIVAL LEAF COLORATION STEM VOLUME DIAMETER LEAF RETENTION

62 TRAIT * TEST COMBINATIONS

Significant provenance variations

  • bserved for all traits

Kremer A. et al. 2002 Forest Ecology & Management 156: 75-87

Qst ≈ 0.36 to 0.53

slide-36
SLIDE 36

0 1 2 3 4 5

BUD BURST

slide-37
SLIDE 37

2°C to 12°C : range of mean spring temperatures

In common gardens In situ

0.7 days/ °C 7.3 days/ °C

Temperature (°C)

Date of bud burst (DOY)

Temperature (°C)

Vitasse et al. 2009, Agricultural & Forest Meteorology 149: 735-744

GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION ALONG TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS

100 105 110 115 120 2 4 6 8 10

Vitasse et al. 2009, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 39: 1-11

slide-38
SLIDE 38

1

EXTINCTIONS

4 2

EXPANSION - MIGRATION

3

LOCAL ADAPTATION MAINTENANCE OF DIVERSITY

slide-39
SLIDE 39
  • 3.0
  • 2.5
  • 2.0
  • 1.5
  • 0.8
  • 0.7
  • 0.6
  • 0.5
  • 0.4
  • 0.3

log10(p0 p4) log10(p4)

A.thaliana S.bicolor M.truncatula P.trichocarpa P.nigra P.tremula P.tremuloides P.euphratica P.pruinosa B.pendula V.vinifera T.aestivum S.huaylasense C.hardwickii Z.mays G.soja C.sinensis O.rufipogon O.longistaminata O.barthii B.distachyon C.canephora C.lanatus lanatus E.grandis M.glaziovii C.grandiflora P.dactylifera A.trichopoda P.albicaulis P.aristata P.ayacahuite P.balfouriana P.flexilis P.monticola P.monophylla P.strobiformis P.strobus Quercus robur

annual selfer annual outcrosser perennial selfer perennial outcrosser pinus

COMPARATIVE DIVERSITY SPECTRUM IN PLANTS

Plomion C et al. 2018 Nature Plants 4:440-452

S diversity NS diversity / S diversity

  • Q. robur
slide-40
SLIDE 40

6.99 6.97 7.01 7.05 6.99 6.95 7.01 7.00 7.11 7.06 6.94

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF GENOME WIDE DIVERSITY IN Q. petraea

S Diversity

π 10-3 19 000

genes

Leroy T et al. 2018 (unpublished data)

slide-41
SLIDE 41

0.372

0.388

0.388 0.398 0.399 0.390 0.378 0.386 0.380 0.384 0.358 0.382 0.360 0.374

5.94 7.27 π 10-3 He

MAINTENANCE OF GENE DIVERSITY IN Quercus petraea

Genes Proteins

Zanetto A & Kremer A 1995 Heredity 75:506 - 517 Derory J et al, 2010 Heredity 104: 438 – 448 Alberto F et al. 2013 Genetics 195 : 495–512

slide-42
SLIDE 42

B C A E D PHYLOGEOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF EUROPEAN WHITE OAKS

Petit et al 2002. Forest Ecology and Management 156(1-3):5-26.

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Petit et al, 2002 Forest Ecology and Management 156(1-3):5-26.

slide-44
SLIDE 44

PATTERNS OF COLONIZATION

  • 1. Diffusion
  • 2. Diffusion + LDD

Le Corre et al. 1997 Genetical Research 69:117-125

slide-45
SLIDE 45

PATTERNS OF COLONIZATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DIVERSITY

DIFFUSION DIFFUSION + LDD

Le Corre et al. 1997 Genetical Research 69:117-125

slide-46
SLIDE 46

IN CONCLUSION

IS THERE AN ADAPTIVE SYNDROME ?

slide-47
SLIDE 47

ADAPTIVE SYNDROME : PHENOTYPIC AND GENOMIC IMPRINTS OF PAST AND CONTEMPORARY ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION

low latitude high latitude Source population

slide-48
SLIDE 48

PAST IMPRINTS : DETECTED IN COMMON GARDEN EXPERIMENTS

TRAIT DIFFERENTIATION GENETIC CLINES GROWTH

Height, Diameter, Tree rings

+ +

+ temperature, precipitation PHENOLOGY

Bud burst

+ + +

+ temperature REPRODUCTION

Seed crops, reproductive success

+ +

  • temperature (altitude)

STRUCTURE

Wood density

none PHYSIOLOGY-WATER METABOLISM

Stomatal density, WUE, ∆13C

+

none HYDRAULICS

Water potential, P50 , Vulnerability to embolism

none

Lobo A. 2017 Forest Ecology and Management 424: 53-61 Kremer A et al. 2016 Functional Ecology 28: 22-36 Firmat et al. 2017 Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30: 2116-2131 Torrez-Ruiz JM et al. 2017 (unpublished data)

slide-49
SLIDE 49

GENOMIC IMPRINTS

Outer circle : differentiation Inner circle : clinal variation

Blue : precipitation (1077 genes) Yellow : temperature (848 genes) Green : bud burst (531 genes)

Leroy T et al. (unpublished data)

slide-50
SLIDE 50

CONTEMPORARY IMPRINTS : In situ MONITORING OF SELECTION

TRAIT HERITABILITY, EVOLVABILITY SELECTION GRADIENTS CORRELATION WITH FITNESS GROWTH

Height, Diameter, Tree rings

+ + + +

PHENOLOGY

Bud burst

+ + + +

REPRODUCTION

Seed crops, Reproductive success

+

Not available STRUCTURE

Wood density

+ + +

none PHYSIOLOGY-WATER METABOLISM

Stomatal density, WUE, ∆13C

+

+

HYDRAULICS

Water potential, P50 , Vulnerability to embolism

Not available Not available

Alexandre H et al., Treepeace project (unpublished data)

slide-51
SLIDE 51

TAKE HOME MESSAGES Evolutionary trajectories (migration, pace of adaptation) faster than expected Peculiar mechanisms (LDD, introgression) drive evolution during environmental change Adaptive imprints limited to very integrative traits (growth, phenology..)

slide-52
SLIDE 52

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Mechanisms of adaptation to climate change: how will phenotypic plasticity, microevolution and migration affect forest tree phenology. Models for adaptive forest management From Holocene to Anthropocene: the pace of microevolution in trees Towards the Sustainable Management of Forest Genetic Resources in Europe Evolution of trees as drivers of terrestrial biodiversity

slide-53
SLIDE 53

MERCI

Alexis Ducousso

Sylvain Delzon Christophe Plomion Rémy Petit Alexis Ducousso

Special Thanks

slide-54
SLIDE 54

Florian Alberto Jean Baptiste Lamy Soularue Hermine Alexandre Laura Truffaut Thibault Leroy Cuauhtemoc Saenz Romero Valérie Le Corre Yann Vitasse