Analysis(of(Central(Enterprise(Architecture - - PDF document

Analysis(of(Central(Enterprise(Architecture Elements(in(Models(of(Six(eHealth(Projects

Hannu(Virkanena,(Juha(Mykkänena

a HIS R&D, School of Computing, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio

! !

Contents

• Background!(research,!projects,!motivation)
• Applied!models!and!methods

;!constructed!concept!model ;!research!process!(by!an!example)

• Materials!and!analysed!projects

– general!information!of!the!projects – research!by!numbers

• Results
• Discussion!and!conclusions

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! ! Background

• The!work!was!carried!out!by!the!authors!of!the!paper,!working!in!the

Health!Information!Systems!Research!and!Development!research!group (HIS!R&D)!in!University!of!Eastern!Finland:

• SOLEA!research!project:!(hKp://uef.fi/en/solea/)

– a!multiPdisciplinary!project!concentrating!on!servicePoriented!enterprise architecture!in!2008P2011 – !one!of!the!primary!research!questions!was!related!to!the!representation!of different!elements!of!Enterprise!Architecture – funded!by!Finnish!Funding!Agency!for!Technology!and!Innovation!TEKES

• “EA!knowhow!in!wellbeing!services”!project

(hKp://www.uef.fi/fi/aducate/kokonaisarkkitehtuuri)

– educational!project!for!(healthcare)!IT!specialists!and!computing!science students!(39cr!ECTS) – supported!by!the!European!Union!Social!Fund. – a!poster!of!the!project:!“Enterprise*Architecture*/*Continuing*Educational*Program” also!in!MIE!2014!(KarjalainenPJurvelin,!Mykkänen,!HoKi,!Virkanen) !

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! ! Background+–+the+subject+area+of+the+paper

• large(scale!initiatives!for!eHealth!services!have!been!established!in!many

countries!on!regional!or!national!level

• use!of!Enterprise!Architecture!has!been!suggested!as!a!methodology!to:!!govern

and!support!the!initiation,!specification!and!implementation!of!large(scale!initiatives

• Enterprise!Architecture!also!includes!a!governance!of!business!changes!as!well!as!for!the

information!technology

• EA!frameworks!provide!such!tools!as:

– !taxonomies!of!models!(artifacts) – and!elements!(concepts)!contained!in!the!models – separation!of!concerns!(viewpoints,!layers,!aspects)

…!which!were!utilized!and!applied!in:

• the!analysis!of!six!eHealth!IT!projects!in!relation!to!Enterprise!Architecture

elements,!focusing!on!central!EA!elements!and!viewpoints!in!different!projects reported!in!the!paper

• =>!results!aim!to!highlight!most!commonly!used!representation!types!for

different!EA!viewpoints!and!elements,!and!form!basis!for!creating!good modelling!practices!for!different!types!of!projects !

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! ! Applied'models'and'methods!–!a!constructed

concept!model!to!map!the!observations!to:

• Model!is!a!representation!of!real!work!phenomenon:

– A!model!is!representing!the!Target'of'the'model'located!in!the!Focus'area'of the!specification!work!in!the!Real'world – For!example:,!which!are!described!in!an!architectural!specification document!as!Application'diagram'of'Hospital'X'(<:Model)

!

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! ! Applied'models'and'methods'…continued

• Model!is!of!certain!Representation'type:!In!the!example:!Application*diagram*of

Hospital*X*(<5Model)*Representation+type+is+Application*diagram

• Model!includes!Elements:!In!the!example:!Application*diagram*of*Hospital*X*Element+is

the!Application

• Certain!Elements!can!be!seen!as!Central'Architecture'Elements:'in!the!example

they!are!the!Applications*(not!for!example!the!connections!between!different!system, which!would!be!in!case!of!Application!Communication!Diagram!)

• Each!Element!has!an!Element'type'and'belongs!to!certain!Primary'EA

Viewpoint:'in!the!example:*Element!Type/CAE!Application*belongs!to!Application

Architecture*(also!can!be!found!in!TOGAF!Enterprise!Architecture!Framework!among!others)

!

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! !

Applied'base'models

• TOGAF!–!Enterprise!Architecture!Framework!9

Content&Metamodel:!used!as!a!basis/template!for Models/Representation'types/Representation'basic types

– types!of!Diagrams,!Matrices,!Catalogs!etc… !

• ArchiMate!Enterprise!Architecture!notation:!used!as

basis!for!Elements/Element'types/Central Architecture'Elements

– Processes,!functions,!applications!etc.

! which!are!mapped!to: !

• TOGAF!(and!many!other!EA)!Frameworks’!9

Viewpoints:!applied!to!Primary'EA'Viewpoints:''=

Business,&Application,&Information,&Technology,&(Misc.)

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TOGAF:!hLp://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/togaf99doc/arch/index.html!! ArchiMate:!hLp://pubs.opengroup.org/architecture/archimate9doc/ts_archimate/front.html

! !

The$models$and$methods$–$research$process$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $$$combined$to$the$concept$model

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2)$Identification$of$the$model:$by!identifying!a Representation$type$of!the!model(!in!example: a!process''map)!and!!Central$Architecture Elements!(in!the!example!processes'and

• rganizational'units'~1:1!ArchiMate!!elements)

! 3)$Summaries,$synthesis,$$analysis (coming'in'the'Results'section) 1)$Discover$a!Model!in!the!specification document!and!write!the!discovery!down (=row)!by!naming!models:!Target'of'the Model,

Phases!1)!to!2)!!repeated *!models!in!the!documents *!specification!documents!in!the project

! !

Materials)and)analysed)projects

!

• TAPAS:!project!specifying!regional!and!local!reference!architecture

for!health!information!systems!by!the!Finnish!Association!of!Local and!Regional!Authorities

• MyWellbeing:!a!sub<project!related!to!reference!architecture!for

citizen<centric!health!and!wellbeing!tool!(Coper),!a!R&D!effort funded!by!Finnish!Funding!Agency!for!Technology!and!Innovation TEKES!and!carried!out!by!number!of!universities,!companies!and service!providers

• TJSERT:!a!project!specifying!the!Certification!requirements!for

systems!and!organizations!to!support!national!ePrescription,!by!the National!Institute!of!Health!and!Welfare!in!Finland

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! !

Materials)and)analysed)projects

…Analysed*projects*continued:

• eKat:!project!for!creating!national!architectural!guidelines!for

eBooking!of!health!services!by!the!Ministry!of!Social!Affairs!and Health,!coordinated!by!City!of!Oulu

• SOLEA)SE:!subproject!of!SOLEA!related!to!the!architecture!for

service!events!to!support!patient!documentation!in!relation!to!the national!EPR

• OpenCDA:!HL7!CDA!implementation!guide!project!for

ePrescription!by!HL7!Finland!Association!and!the!National Insurance!Institute!Kela Summary)of)the)projects:

• national!or!nationally!applicable!eHealth!related!projects
• funded,!supported!and!conducted!governmental!agencies:

ministries!and!other!expert!organizations ! !

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! ! Results'('Summary!of!the!research!by!numbers

• The!documentation!of!selected!six!eHealth!projects!consisted!of:

– 218!different!targets'of'the'models – 803!identified!models – of!135!different!representation'types

• notable:!difference!between!holistic!EA!–documentation!and!target
• riented!specific!documentation!(TAPAS!vs.!TJSert))

!

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! !

Results'('Viewpoints

• Summary!of!division!of!CAEs!!(in!models!)!by!different!EA!viewpoints!(in

each!case!project)

• notable:!difference!between!holistic!EA!type!projects!(for!example:!TAPAS:

diverse/BusinessEoriented)!and!detailed!specifications!(OpenCDAEfewer viewpoints!concerned/TechnologyEoriented)

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! !Results'–'Representation'Types

• summary!of!the!most!common!representation!types!in!all!case!projects

– generic!representation!types!were!most!frequently!used!(text,!lists,!tables,!catalogs) – by!EA!Viewpoints:!technologyBoriented!projects!used!more!formal!representations – some!representation!types!are!clearly!most!specific!for!a!given!EA!viewpoint!e.g.

• XML!extracts!or!code!fragments!in!technologyBoriented!targets,
• architecture!diagrams!in!application!or!business!viewpoints.

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Representation type/basic type

Numb er of target s Numbe r of instanc es Numb er of cases Misc. Busin ess Applica tion Inform ation Technol

• gy

narrative text

70 137 6 20 26 31 31 8

list or catalogue

41 58 4 11 16 12 12 5

architecture diagram

19 36 6 1 14 31 5 3

data directory or information list

18 24 4 1 16 12

requirements catalogue

16 183 3 19 11 26 8 3

generic structured table

14 33 3 5 6 3 5 3

XML extract

14 67 1 14

hierarchical catalogue or list

9 9 2 5 3 1 1 2

list of design decisions / principles

6 15 2 3 4 9 3

catalogue of IT / application services

6 14 3 1 2 11 1

code fragment

5 19 2 4 5

list of concepts

4 4 4 1 3

! !

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• the!results!provide!interesting!insight!into!the!modeling

conventions!of!eHealth!projects!(for!example!by!used elements!/viewpoints!analysis)

• the!usefulness!of!models!was!not!qualitatively!evaluated

(for!example!model:!good/bad,!only!instance!count),

– although!such!evaluation!was!performed!in!some!case!projects

• despite!this!=>!resulted!methodology!and!results!can!be

used!as!a!basis!of!further!developing!EA/other!notations and!as!basis!for!good!modelling!practices!for!different!types

• f!projects

Thank!you!

Writers'also'would'like'to'Thank'our'co3researchers'in'the'project: Julia'Järvinen'and'Ilkka'Sammelvuo'

Discussion(and(conclusions