Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes T. K. Satish Kumar Hong Xu Zheng Tang Anoop Kumar Craig Milo Rogers Craig A. Knoblock tkskwork@gmail.com, hongx@usc.edu, {zhengtan, anoopk, rogers, knoblock}@isi.edu May 21, 2018 Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California the 31st International FLAIRS Conference (FLAIRS 2018) Melbourne, Florida, the United States of America
Executive Summary Execution monitoring is an important aspect of AI. We apply the idea of resource envelope to alert generation in execution monitoring. We study three applications in details. Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 1 / 15
Agenda Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Conclusion Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 2 / 15
Agenda Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Conclusion
Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring For a given execution plan, adaptation are often required in response to a changing environment. Alerts for such adaption are important. Ships need to adapt their routes in response to unexpected hurricane. (Image: (Skillet n.d.)) A team needs to adapt its plan in response to unexpected illness of its members. (Image: (U.S. Department of Defense Current Photos 2013)) Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 3 / 15
Potential Future Resource Depletion as Alerts • One important type of alert relates to potential future resource depletion. • Examples include depletion of fuel in transportation applications, labor hours in human resource management applications, supplies in manufacturing applications, and so on. • We apply the idea of resource envelope to generate this type of alert under the framework of Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR), a temporal reasoning framework. Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 4 / 15
Agenda Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Conclusion
Simple Temporal Network (STN) • A graphical representation of a collection of simple temporal constraints between the execution times of various events. • First proposed in (Dechter et al. 1991). Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 5 / 15 • Formally, it is defjned on a directed graph G = �X , E� , where • X is a set of events, and • each edge e ij = ( X i , X j ) ∈ E represents a simple temporal constraint LB ( e ij ) ≤ X j − X i ≤ UB ( e ij ) .
Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) Each event in an STN is also associated with a resource level. A resource Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) 6 / 15 level is positive/negative if this event produces/consumes resources. Example: X 2 : − 50 X 1 : 50 [5,8] [5,10] [2,4] X 4 : − 150 X 0 : 0 [10,10] [5,10] X 3 : 250
Resource Envelope maxfmow Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) The largest and procedure. 7 / 15 computed using a smallest possible total resource 2003). Can be levels at each time instant (Kumar X 2 : − 50 X 1 : 50 [5,8] ] 0 [2,4] 1 5 , [ X 4 : − 150 X 0 : 0 [10,10] ] 0 1 5 , [ X 3 : 250 300 250 Resource Level 200 150 100 50 Upper Resource Envelope Lower Resource Envelope 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time Instant
Agenda Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Conclusion
Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation Basic Principle: If the minimum resource level is too low at some time Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) 8 / 15 instants, an alert should be generated. Example: If resource level below 110 is dangerous at time instant 17, an alert will be generated. 300 250 Resource Level 200 150 100 50 Upper Resource Envelope Lower Resource Envelope 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time Instant
Smart Home (-1200,-100) (100,0) Rice Cooker starts (-100,-3) Rice Cooker ends (100,0) Dishwasher starts Dishwasher ends (-100,0) (1200,0) [30,35] [5,30] [45,50] [0,40] Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Refrigerator ends 9 / 15 Refrigerator starts Washer ends Heater ends (100,0) (-400,0) (400,300) (-500,-70) Heater starts Washer starts (500, 0) (600, 0) Refrigerator ends Dryer starts Refrigerator starts (-100,0) Dryer ends (-600, 0) X 0 (0,0) [0, + ∞ ] [0,0] [0, + ∞ ] ∞ ] + 0 , [1020,1080] [ [20,30] [0, + ∞ ] Resource Level (electrical power in watts) 0 ∞ [ ] 0 + , + ∞ 0 , 250 ] [ [40,45] 500 750 [0, + ∞ ] 1000 [0, + ∞ ] 1250 1500 Upper Resource Envelope Lower Resource Envelope 1750 Electrical Power Limit [50,70] [0, + ∞ ] 2000 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 Time Instant (elapsed time since 12:00am in minutes) [0,240] [0, + ∞ ] [0, + ∞ ] 0 ] , 0 [ X f (0,0)
Smart Home (-1200,-100) (100,0) Rice Cooker starts (-100,-3) Rice Cooker ends (100,0) Dishwasher starts Dishwasher ends (-100,0) (1200,0) [30,35] [5,30] [45,50] [0,40] Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Refrigerator ends 10 / 15 Refrigerator starts Washer ends Heater ends (-400,0) (400,300) Washer starts (-500,-70) Heater starts (100,0) (500, 0) Refrigerator starts Dryer starts (-100,0) Refrigerator ends (600, 0) Dryer ends (-600, 0) X 0 (0,0) [0, + ∞ ] [0,0] [0, + ∞ ] ∞ ] + 0 , [1020,1080] [ [20,30] [0, + ∞ ] Resource Level (electrical power in watts) 0 ∞ [ ] 0 + , + ∞ 0 , 250 ] [ [40,45] 500 750 [0, + ∞ ] 1000 [0, + ∞ ] 1250 1500 Upper Resource Envelope Lower Resource Envelope 1750 Electrical Power Limit [50,70] [0, + ∞ ] 2000 [ 0 + ∞ , 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 ] Time Instant (elapsed time since 12:00am in minutes) [0,240] [0, + ∞ ] [0, + ∞ ] 0 ] , 0 [ X f (0,0)
Food Delivery c 4 Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) r 1 r 2 11 / 15 c 5 c 1 c 2 c 3 c 6 Resource Level (amount of menu items in car) 6 5 4 3 2 1 Upper Resource Envelope Lower Resource Envelope 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Time Instant (elapsed time since being en route)
Food Delivery c 4 Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) r 1 r 2 12 / 15 c 5 c 6 c 1 c 2 c 3 Resource Level (amount of menu items in car) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Upper Resource Envelope Lower Resource Envelope 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Time Instant (elapsed time since being en route)
Service Management (System Boot) • During system boot, services are being started. • Traditionally, a service cannot start before all its dependencies have started. • A modern system service management system, such as systemd, can start a service and its dependencies at the same time. • For example, the web service depends on the database management system (DBMS). The web service Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes 13 / 15 • begins starting up without the DBMS ( A 1 begins), • then gets interrupted when it needs to connect to the DBMS ( A 1 ends), • continues starting up once the DBMS is ready ( A 2 begins), and • fjnishes starting up ( A 2 ends).
Service Management (System Boot) X f Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Using Resource Envelopes Kumar et al. (Information Sciences Institute, USC) Resource: CPU cores [40,40] [0,10] [20,20] [0,10] [15,15] 14 / 15 C ends : 1 C begins : -1 X 0 : 2 ∞ + + ] [ 0 ∞ , 0 , [ ] [0, + ∞ ] A 1 begins : -1 B 1 begins : -1 2.0 Resource Level (number of CPU cores) 1.5 A 1 ends : 1 B 1 ends : 1 1.0 Upper Resource Envelope 0.5 [0, + ∞ ] Lower Resource Envelope [0, + ∞ ] 0.0 A 2 begins : -1 B 2 begins : -1 0.5 [10,10] [15,15] 1.0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 A 2 ends : 1 B 2 ends : 1 Time Instant (elapsed time during system boot) ∞ [ + ] 0 ∞ + , 0 , ] [
Agenda Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Simple Temporal Network with Resources (STNR) and Resource Envelope Applying Resource Envelopes for Alert Generation in Execution Monitoring Conclusion
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