SLIDE 1 Air Quality in the Bay
Dr Kathleen Kozyniak – Principal Scientist Climate and Air
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The Independent
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/beijing-smog-red-alert-issued-schools-and-businesses-to-completely-shut-down-as-chinese-capital-a6763286.html#gallery
RED ALERT BEIJING
“AIRPOCALYPSE” (GREENPEACE)
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RED ALERT BEIJING LONDON CYCLING
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Napier 2005
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Napier and Hastings 2005
SLIDE 6
Fine particulate matter (PM) is Hawke’s Bay’s biggest problem…
SLIDE 7 Fine particulates and health
http://www.airbetter.org/effects-air-pollution-human-health/
SLIDE 8 Heart disease…
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http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=27536
SLIDE 9 NZ Studies
Christchurch study – a 3-4% rise in respiratory admissions and 1-2% rise in cardiac admissions with every 15 µg/m3 increase in PM10.
- McGowan et al, 2001, Australian and NZ Journal of Public Health
NZ Census mortality study - the odds of all-cause mortality in adults increased by 7% per 10 µg/m3 increase in average PM10 exposure and 20% per 10 µg/m3 among Maori. Associations were stronger for respiratory and lung cancer deaths.
- Hales S, Blakely T, Woodward A. J Epidemiol Community Health (2010).
HAPINZ - the estimated impacts on the population of Hawke’s Bay (2006 data) are more than 100,000 restricted activity days, 54 hospital admissions, 113 premature adult deaths and social costs of $411 million
- Updated Health and Air Pollution in New Zealand Study, Kuschel et al., 2012.
SLIDE 10 Five airsheds 1. Napier (mainly residential) 2. Hastings (mainly residential) 3. Awatoto (industrial/rural) 4. Whirinaki (industrial/residential) 5. Rest of region
Hawke’s Bay Airsheds & Continuous PM10/2.5 monitoring sites
SLIDE 11 18 13 28 12 15 12 10 16 5 1 4 5 5 3 3 4 5 1 5 10 15 20 25 30 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Hastings Napier
Annual exceedances of the National Environmental Standard (NES) for PM10
Contaminant Standard Time Average Allowable exceedances per year Carbon monoxide 10 mgm-3 8 hours 1 Nitrogen dioxide 200 µgm-3 1 hour 9 Ozone 150 µgm-3 1 hour PM10 50 µgm-3 24 hours 1 Sulphur dioxide 350 µgm-3 570 ugm-3 1 hour 1 hour 9
SLIDE 12
PM10 – a winter problem in residential airsheds
HASTINGS
SLIDE 13
Typical residential (Hastings) winter hourly PM10 profile
SLIDE 14
Meteorological influences on exceedances - Napier daily PM10 versus wind speed and temperature. A characteristic day for an exceedance is when mean wind speed is less than 5 kmh-1 and mean temperature is less than 11°C.
SLIDE 15
Emission Inventory 2015 – estimated sources of PM10 & other contaminants (Napier winter)
PM10
SLIDE 16
Source Apportionment 2010 – measured sources of PM10 & PM2.5 (Napier)
PM10
SLIDE 17
Airshed PM10 modelling 2012 – compared to a temporary network of PM10 monitors (2014)
SLIDE 18
Mobile PM10 monitoring– identifying hotspots
The concentrations shown are instantaneous measurements taken at 1 minute intervals using a Dustrak (on the evening of 23rd June 2014).
Mobile PM10 monitoring
SLIDE 19 http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/outdoorair_aqg/en/ http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/urban-health/news/news/2013/10/outdoor-air-pollution-a-leading- environmental-cause-of-cancer-deaths
Clean air is considered to be a basic requirement of human health and well-being. However, air pollution continues to pose a significant threat to health worldwide (World Health Organisation, 2005) Outdoor air pollution is a leading environmental cause of cancer deaths (World Health Organisation, 2013)
