Advances in Energy Storage and Implementing a Peak Shaving Battery - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Advances in Energy Storage and Implementing a Peak Shaving Battery at Fort Carson

Travis Starns Business Development Manager - AECOM

• Nov. 20, 2018

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Agenda

Applications for energy storage Advances in energy storage technologies Fort Carson peak shaving battery

Applications for Energy Storage

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Changing Landscape in Electricity Generation

Utilities plan more renewables and distributed energy resources

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2018, Feb. 6, 2018

Annual Electricity Generating Capacity Additions and Retirements (GW) Gigawatts (GW)

Flexible generation needed

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Mediate supply and load in locations with high renewables

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Positive impact on GHG emission targets IN LAST 5 YEARS: Non-renewables: 43 GW Renewables: 55 GW FROM 2009 - 2017: Wind/solar account for ~50% of utility-scale additions.

Permitting and installation of new grid infrastructure

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Challenging in many areas

Wide deployment of electric vehicles is driving battery prices to decline.

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Trends in Energy Storage

Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Price ($/kWh)

Source: Bloomberg NEF

Solar industry is adopting energy storage to drive business.

– Increased self consumption – Solar firming/intermittency – Ramp control – Leverage available tax credits – Demand reduction during shoulder hours

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Energy Storage Technology Survey by Market Segment

Generation/ wholesale Transmission and distribution End-user

• r aggregator

Utility scale storage

– Batteries – Pumped Hydro – Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES)

T&D Management

– Batteries – Flywheels – CAES

Behind the meter

– Batteries – Thermal

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Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage Drivers

Time of Use load shifting Backup/security (resiliency) Wholesale arbitrage

Fuel saving (Electric Vehicles)

Demand charge management Ancillary services

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Behind-the-Meter Energy Storage

Incentives Challenges

+ Cost, cost and cost… + Demand charge management + TOU load shifting + Automotive fuel savings, Utility bundled solutions + Renewable pairing ‒ Cost, cost and cost… ‒ Grid interconnection capacity ‒ Electricity forecast uncertainty ‒ Participation/eligibility of storage in electricity markets ‒ Tariff structure

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 Utilities focus on electricity system:

• Reliability: withstand uncontrolled events
• Security: withstand attacks (physical, cyber)
• Resilience: adapt to changing conditions and

recover from disruptions

 Non-residential (C&I) customers:

• Accounted for 63% of electricity sold in 2017
• Account for ~13% of utility customer base
• Rate schedules typically include demand

charges that can account for 70% of electricity costs

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Interest in Behind-the-Meter Storage Systems by Utilities

Source: “Sales_Ult_Cust_2017” www.eia.gov/electricity/data/eia861/

2017 US Electricity Sales (MWh) by Market Segment

 Demand response  Grid infrastructure deferral  Regulatory mandates  Virtual power plant  Aggregation  Local grid support

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Utility Interest in Behind-the-Meter BESS

Residential C&I, Federal Facilities EV’s Electric Utility Meter

Standard Residential Load Phoenix - AZ

Advances in Energy Storage Technology & Applications

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Energy Storage Technology Summary

Bulk Power 1 kW 10 kW 100 kW 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1 GW Seconds Minutes Hours Discharge Time at Rated Power Fast Response Systems Grid Support and Balancing Typical Efficiency 45-70% 70-85% >85% Compressed Air Energy Storage Fly Wheel Flow Batteries Sodium Sulphur Pumped Hydro Storage Super Capacitor Advanced Lead Acid Lithium-Ion

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Battery Storage and Gas Turbine Hybrid

Southern California Edison retrofit gas peaker stations with Li-Ion BESS

– Provides spinning reserves – Ancillary and grid support services – Reduce fuel and water consumption during operations

• Saves 2 million gallons of water
• Reduce emissions by 60%

– Reduced operations & maintenance – Maintains flexibility in balancing demand and variable generation from renewable resources

 Flow batteries consist of two liquid tanks, membrane and two electrodes  Multiple chemistries offered:

• Iron-Chromium
• Vanadium Redox
• Zinc-Bromine

 Technically viable solution for applications > 4 hrs.  No energy degradation  Low cost of ownership  Long useful life

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Long Duration Battery Storage Technologies: Flow Batteries

2MW/8MWh Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

 Air turns to liquid -196°C  Store liquid air in insulated, unpressurised tanks  Thermal expansion used to drive turbine  Bulk storage capability with no geographic constraints

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Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies: Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES)

Source: Highview Power

 Convert electricity into compressed air  Store compressed air in underground accumulator

• Isobaric
• Hydrostatically compensated
• Significantly smaller volume required

compared to traditional (diabatic) CAES  Flexible siting characteristics  No hazardous chemicals or fossil fuels

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Source: Hydrostor, Inc.

Long Duration Energy Storage Technologies: Advanced Compressed Air Energy Storage (A-CAES)

Industrial site in Australia

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Peak Load: ~140 MW

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Demand charges have increased by 90%

• ver last 18 months

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Solar: 120 MW

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Storage: 20 MW (discharge rating) Business Case – Drive Operational Savings

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Reduce demand charges

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Reduce need for new grid infrastructure

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Provide reliability services to the grid

• Voltage support
• Synchronous inertia

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Leverage additional operational savings as a source of back-up power during operation

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A-CAES Plus Solar for Baseload (20 MW)

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A-CAES + Solar PV – Industrial Site Demand

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 MW Half Hour

Firm commitment (Solar direct & Storage) Direct PV to Site Operations (White Area) Grid Power (Grey Area)

Fort Carson: Peak Shaving Battery

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Fort Carson Background

 Fort Carson: ~137,000 acres  Pinon Canyon Maneuver Site: ~ 235,000 acres  Training installation with over 26,000 Soldiers assigned  Over 14 MSF of facility space  Three government-owned substations

Fort Carson & Surrounding Military Communities

Air Force Academy Buckley AFB Pinyon Canyon Fort Carson

Cheyenne Mountain Air Station

Schriever AFB Peterson AFB

Emerging Approach – ESPC to Deliver BESS

Rate 2017 ONP Demand (kW) $17.28 OFFP Demand (kW) $9.34 ONP Supply (kWh) $0.0480 OFFP Supply (kWh) $0.0228 0.14%

 Significantly reduce electricity demand charges  Right-size BESS to optimize project ROI  Potential use-cases to consider at your facility:

• TOU shifting
• Solar-firming
• Frequency/voltage support
• Microgrid support

The maximum savings per month is a function of maximum BESS discharge rate With a smaller capacity battery:

– Choice of discharge point determines savings – Increase discharge rate to increase savings

Limiting factors:

– Maximum discharge rate (MW) – Total battery capacity (MWh) – Accuracy of peak forecast

BESS for Peak Shaving

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Baseline load Modified load Battery capacity (MWh)

Load (MWV) Five consecutive days in August 2015

Denotes on-peak demand period

Fort Carson: Load Profile (August 2015)

Billing demand – the greatest 15- minute load during

• n-peak hours in

the billing period

34,401 Load (MWV) 15-minute interval data – August 2015

Fort Carson: Peak Demand Reduction (August 2015)

The difference between peak and the battery engagement level is where the peak demand charge is reduced.

34,401 31,050 Load (MWV)

Actual demand Battery discharge level

Days where ceiling for peak demand is established

Fort Carson: Peak-Shaving Sequence

$58,000 in on-peak demand charge savings for the month of August.

15-minute interval data – August 2015

• Ft. Carson BESS System

Summary

2017 GridStar – 300 kW/600 kwh

Power Rating

4,200 kW (14 modules)

Energy Rating

8,500 kWh (14 modules)

Voltage

480 VAC

Round Trip %

~86%

Dimensions

144 x 60 x 96 inches/module

Control System

GELI - EOS

Operational Life Expectancy

21 years

Fort Carson ESPC: Estimate of Demand Savings $436,000

Year 1 savings

$713,000

Year 19 savings (Assumes 4% escalation rate)

• Est. 83 full cycles/annum

Duty cycle

26 Year 1 – Demand Charge Savings

$- $10,000 $20,000 $30,000 $40,000 $50,000 $60,000 $70,000 $80,000 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Axis Title

df

Control system and predictive modeling Existing/planned distributed energy resources Tariff/rate structure

000

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Considerations for Battery Energy Storage

Importance of interval data

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Analysis and design

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Power and energy requirements

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Duty cycle (impact to system degradation)

Presentation Title

Key Takeways

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Escalation of demand charges are likely to continue Li-Ion BESS are expected to continue to dominate market share as cell costs continue to decline ESPC delivery model is emerging approach to BESS deployment Energy storage technology selection and right sizing for

• ptimal ROI
• Independent of

commodity escalation

• Established framework

for equitable allocation

• f risk
• Guaranteed

performance of BESS

• Multiple use cases for

cost savings and resiliency

Travis Starns Business Development Manager – AECOM travis.starns@aecom.com +1-303-740-3856