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A Feasi easibility S Study udy f for or t the A he Aut utom omated ed Moni onitor oring and and Control rol o of M Mine W Water D r Discharges charges 2017 WV Mine Drainage Taskforce Chris Vass Aaron Noble, PhD Mining

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A Feasi easibility S Study udy f for

  • r t

the A he Aut utom

  • mated

ed Moni

  • nitor
  • ring and

and Control rol o

  • f M

Mine W Water D r Discharges charges

2017 WV Mine Drainage Taskforce

Chris Vass Aaron Noble, PhD Mining Engineering West Virginia University Morgantown, WV April 11, 2017

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Presentation Outline

1 2 5 3 4

BACKGROUND BENCH-SCALE SYSTEM PROOF-OF-CONCEPT RESULTS ONGOING WORK & CONCLUSIONS MAMDANI CONTROLLER

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MOTIVATION

Automated Outlet Treatment

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Challenges in CAPP

Remote Locations No Utilities Area/Access Limited by Topography Several parameter limits: pH TSS, Fe, Al, Mn, etc. Lab Results Take Time

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Traditional Practices in CAPP

Rob

Can get to the remote locations, but takes time. May make it to problematic sites once or twice per day. Not available 24/7/365. Not an environmental chemist, but knows practical water treatment. Will eventually retire or find another job.

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Research Objectives

Problem Statements:

 Given the unique environmental challenges in CAPP, traditional methods

  • f water monitoring and treatment are costly and inefficient.

 The current and future regulatory trajectory may deem many of these

practices cost prohibitive. Research Objectives:

 Evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of automated monitoring

and advanced control algorithms for chemical treatment of mine water discharges

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Generic Controller

Generic pH Control Diagram

AMD Treatment System

Process Set Point (pH = 7)

Outlet pH

Process Disturbances:

  • Incoming pH
  • Flow Rate
  • Atmospheric Conditions

Current System Conditions Treatment Flow Rate

Control Algorithm

3 5 7 9 11 250 500 750 1000 1250 Steady State pH Base Treatment Flowrate (ml/min)

Titration of HCl with Na2CO3

Problem: pH Treatment is Nonlinear!

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BENCH-SCALE SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION

Automated Outlet Treatment

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Components

Reactor Conductivity Sensor pH Sensor

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Components

Transmitters/Power Supply

DAQ Unit

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Components

Supply Pump Treatment Pump

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Components

Baffle Installed Baffle

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Bench Scale Model

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MAMDANI FUZZY CONTROLLER

Automated Outlet Treatment

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Advanced Control Techniques

MF1 MF2 MF3 MF4

ANN’s Fuzzy Logic ANFIS Several advanced pH control techniques exist; however, they are currently unproven in a mine environmental setting.

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Modeling Approach

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Fuzzy Logic - Basics

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Fuzzy Logic – Membership Functions

 Use of non-precise classes to segment process behavior

Error

MF1 MF2 MF3 MF4 MF1 MF2 MF3 MF4

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Membership Functions

Doesn’t neglect “Rob’s” intuition, 30+ years of AMD research, or the real-time data…

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 250 500 750 1000 1250 pH Base Treatment Flowrate (cc/min)

High pH Low pH Neutral pH

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RESULTS & DI SCUSSI ON

Automated Outlet Treatment

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pH Control – Experimental Tests

Test No. Simulated Condition 1 Normal field Operations under steady state conditions 2 Unsteady flow rate 3 Changing pH set point 4 Large surge in flow rate that interrupts flow recording device 5 Change in feed water pH 6 Removal of pond baffle 7 Multiple disturbances/perturbations

Define acceptable range as ±0.5 pH point.

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pH Control – Steady State

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pH Control – Varying Flow Rates & Set Point

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pH Control – Change in Feed pH

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ONGOI NG WORK & CONCLUSI ONS

Automated Outlet Treatment

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Ongoing Work

 Implementation of control scheme at AMD treatment site

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Summary & Conclusions

 Environmental monitoring and treatment costs can be significant

and require perpetual attention.

 Laboratory tests have shown that fuzzy logic is a feasible control

  • ption.

 The controller used in this testing was able to withstand multiple

perturbations and maintain pH within ±0.5.

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Questions?

For more information, please contact: Chris Vass

crvass@mix.wvu.edu

Acknowledgements: