1E8 - Universal Design http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Alexis.Donnelly/1e8/ - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1E8 - Universal Design

http://www.cs.tcd.ie/Alexis.Donnelly/1e8/ Alexis Donnelly Department of Computer Science, O'Reilly Institute,

• ffice: LG.21

E-mail: Alexis.Donnelly@cs.tcd.ie

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Overview A Little More History & Commercial Reality Slide Show Seven Attributes of UD (aka Principles) Critique of Part M Universal Design - the Video

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A Little History In the beginning, engineering was chiefly military and characterised by: design for the battlefield Interchangeable parts - design around standards and the average average person = fit young male of arms-bearing age

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History: Carried over to "Civilian World" early 1900s: life expectancy 47, "disabled" were in institutions (out of sight, out of mind) or dead. early 2000s: life expectancy 86, people living with disabilities, a more diverse population

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History: Now Growing awareness that designed exclusion is wrong Human Rights perspective: legislation professional duty of care positive image in marketplace Commercial perspective: cheaper for society to include everybody significant lucrative market - "grey panthers"

• large disposable income who want products

with no stigma that all can use cheaper to design inclusively from the beginning than retrofit afterwards => UNIVERSAL DESIGN

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Commercial Reality Design-Led Companies Thrive The Design Council (2005) showed that an index of design-aware companies outperformed the FTSE- All-share by over 200% in both rising and falling markets over a 10 year period

SOURCE: Design Index: The Impact of Design on Stock Market Performance(2005). See www.design-council.org.uk

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Commercial Reality Correcting Late Mistakes Gets Expensive Design Stage Relative Cost of Change Concept 1 Detail design 10 Tooling 100 Testing 1,000 Post-release 10,000 The cost of making changes increases rapidly as release approaches (in the context of consumer products)

SOURCE: The Design Council (1994) , Mynott C, Smith J, Benson J, Allen D & Farish M. "Successful Product Development: Management Case Studies". M90s Publications, DTI, Admail 528, London SW1W 8YT, UK

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Slide Show The best UD is often subtle and "invisible"

SOURCES: Lecturer's own; "Beautiful Universal Design" by Leibrock & Terry; and "Accessible Housing by Design" by Steven Winter Associates.

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some shelves, hangers low down all features adjustable - can suit toddler, adult and wheelchair user - adaptability further parts can be purchased to suit most alcoves

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roll-in shower suits wheelchair transfer space beside toilet pan clour contrasting grab rails knee room beneath wash basin mirror can be tilted for seated user vertical grabrails beside mirror for those who are unsteady standing

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lever handles to faciltate poor grip or hands-busy operation bolt also operated by lever handle coin operation of bolt from outside - rescue in case of fall

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paved ramped acess to North American style porch looks original facilitates heavy deliveries, trikes, bikes,skateboards...

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most plants can be worked on by a gardener who uses a wheelchair most vertical surfaces are covered by cultivated plants most plants can be worked on with far less back strain than in a conventional garden!

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room for wheelchair footrests below washing/drying machine don't have two bend down as far when the loading these machines knee room beneath the table for sorting/ironing clothes note ironing board at reduced height and no legs beneath it note also catch on lower edge of window

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roll in shower floor to facilitate wheelchair hinged shower seat may be used if required and folded up when not colour contrasting grab rails

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note fountains at different heights to facilitate children, wheelchair users and adults knee space kept clear underneath

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Seven Attributes of UD Products (The principles of Universal Design) Equitable Use 1. Flexibility in Use 2. Simple and Intuitive Use 3. Perceptible Information 4. Tolerance for Error 5. Low Physical Effort 6. Size and Space for Approach and Use 7.

SOURCE: Centre for Universal Design, North Carolina State University. See their Principles of Universal Design page and the more extensive Universal Design File These principles were developed by a multi-discplinary working group (including architects, product designers, engineers and environmental design researchers) at CUD, NCSU: Betty Rose Connell, Mike Jones, Ron Mace, Jim Mueller, Abir Mullick, Elaine Ostroff, Jon Sanford, Ed Steinfeld, Molly Story, & Gregg Vanderheiden

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1: Equitable Use The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities. GUIDELINES: Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible; equivalent when not. Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users. Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users. Make the design appealing to all users.

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2: Flexible in Use The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities. GUIDELINES: Provide choice in methods of use. Accommodate right- or left-handed access and use. Facilitate the user's accuracy and precision. Provide adaptability to the user's pace.

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3: Simple and Intuitive Use Design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level. GUIDELINES: Eliminate unnecessary complexity. Be consistent with user expectations and intuition. Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills. Arrange information consistent with its importance. Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion.

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4: Perceptible Information The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities. GUIDELINES: Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information. Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings. Maximize "legibility" of essential information. Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions). Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations.

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5: Tolerance for Error The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. GUIDELINES: Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements => most accessible; hazardous elements => eliminated, isolated, or shielded. Provide warnings of hazards and errors. Provide fail safe features. Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance.

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6: Low Physical Effort The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue. GUIDELINES: Allow user to maintain a neutral body position. Use reasonable operating forces. Minimize repetitive actions. Minimize sustained physical effort

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7: Size and Space for Approach and Use Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility. GUIDELINES: Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user. Make reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user. Accommodate variations in hand and grip size. Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance.

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Summary: Seven Attributes of UD Products Principles of Universal Design: Equitable Use 1. Flexibility in Use 2. Simple and Intuitive Use 3. Perceptible Information 4. Tolerance for Error 5. Low Physical Effort 6. Size and Space for Approach and Use 7.

Recall: Arrived at after plenty of research, discussion and argument by: architects product designers environmental design researchers engineers

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Part M: Is Part M Universal Design ? Part M: What most building professionals use to ensure "Access for Disabled People", but what about use of all facilities inside building? Claims to have a basis in UD, but some problems are apparent: Definition of Disabilty Application gives (some) solutions, but omits stating the problem! Inconsistent and patchy coverage Not Integrated

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Part M: Definition of Disability Part M defines disability as: walking impairment use of a wheelchair impairment of hearing impairment of vision but what about: low stature? poor stamina? bowel/bladder disorder? allergies? cognitive impairment? impairment of dexterity/grip?

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Part M: Application Part M applies to: new buildings (dwellings and larger buildings) existing buildings (after 1992) where: large extension change of use material alteration What about: refurbishments? works to immediate exterior?

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Part M: Integration Building regulations are divided into several parts: Part B - Fire Part K - Stairs/Vertical Circulation Part D - Materials and Workmanship Part G - Hygiene etc.. People with Disabilities are affected by all these provisions. Leads to segregation in the mind of the designer. So why not integrate Part M's provisions with the others? They did in Scotland ! (one of the first acts of the newly formed Scottish Executive)

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Part M: NDA Report - Effectiveness of Part M A report from National Disability Authority (Dec 2005) shows that Part M is: weak by international standards: several items not covered well / at all - sensory impairments, parking ... widely ignored: "doesn't apply in rural areas", "I have letter from owner saying level entrance not required." poorly enforced: 15% inspections target rarely reached Recommendations include: addressing the above flaws, and better planning control required to catch errors at design stage A review is now underway, and new arrangements may include "access certificates".

See National Disability Authority website and search under "Publications".

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Finale Read more from the Universal Design File at CUD, NCSU In preparation for next lecture, re-design an ATM according to UD principles. Now the Video!

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