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SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL IMO STATE, NIGERIA IMO STATE, NIGERIA Organized By: Organized By: OIL RESOURCES & ALLIED INVESTMENTS LIMITED

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SLIDE 1

SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL IMO STATE, NIGERIA IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Organized By: Organized By:

OIL RESOURCES & ALLIED INVESTMENTS LIMITED OIL RESOURCES & ALLIED INVESTMENTS LIMITED

  • Owerri. Imo State.
  • Owerri. Imo State.

08033007596; 08064896919; 08034354645 08033007596; 08064896919; 08034354645

Presented by: Presented by:

Workshop Module 1 Workshop Module 1

  • Dr. Odili N. Ojukwu, P.E.
  • Dr. Odili N. Ojukwu, P.E.

Executive Director Executive Director -

  • WIEF

WIEF Registered Professional Engineer, (CA, USA) Registered Professional Engineer, (CA, USA) g g , ( , ) g g , ( , ) D.M. Organizational Management D.M. Organizational Management Ph.D. Environmental Science Ph.D. Environmental Science M.Phil. Chemical Engineering M.Phil. Chemical Engineering BSc Chemical Engineering BSc Chemical Engineering g g g g

1 1

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum & Environment May-June, 2009

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SLIDE 2

Map of Imo State Showing the Map of Imo State Showing the L l G A (LGA ) L l G A (LGA ) Local Government Areas (LGAs) Local Government Areas (LGAs)

Oguta LGA Ohaji Egbema LGA Ngor Okpala LGA LGA

2 2 Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment

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SLIDE 3

MODULE 1 CONTENT MODULE 1 CONTENT

  • 1. WORKSHOP GOALS
  • 1. WORKSHOP GOALS
  • 2. MODULE OBJECTIVES
  • 2. MODULE OBJECTIVES

i. i. Module overview Module overview i. i. Module overview Module overview ii. ii. Module aims Module aims iii. iii. Module learning outcomes Module learning outcomes

  • 2. INTRODUCTION
  • 2. INTRODUCTION
  • 3. OUR ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEMS
  • 3. OUR ENVIRONMENT AND ECOSYSTEMS
  • 4. STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN IMO STATE
  • 4. STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN IMO STATE

i. i. Surface and Subsurface Soil Quality Surface and Subsurface Soil Quality ii ii Surface Waters Quality Surface Waters Quality ii. ii. Surface Waters Quality Surface Waters Quality iii. iii. Groundwater Quality Groundwater Quality iv. iv. Air Quality Air Quality v. v. Man Man-made Enhancements of Open Space made Enhancements of Open Space v. v. Man Man made Enhancements of Open Space made Enhancements of Open Space

  • 5. WHY WE MUST BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT
  • 5. WHY WE MUST BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT
  • 6. COMMUNITY
  • 6. COMMUNITY-
  • BASED ACTION REQUIRED

BASED ACTION REQUIRED

  • 7. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
  • 7. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

3 3 Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment

  • 8. CONCLUSIONS
  • 8. CONCLUSIONS
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SLIDE 4

WORKSHOP GOALS WORKSHOP GOALS W K H L W K H L

GOALS OF WORKSHOP INCLUDE:

  • To highlight the various aspects of the environment and

how they impact our daily lives; y p y

  • To create an understanding of ecosystems and how

natural and human activities cause changes in them;

  • To create an understanding and appreciation of soil
  • To create an understanding and appreciation of soil

erosion processes;

  • To create an understanding of factors that influence

soil erosion and how erosion affects us and our soil erosion and how erosion affects us and our communities;

  • To create understanding of need for integrated

h t ti d t lli il i d approach to preventing and controlling soil erosion; and,

  • To induce participants’ active sense of commitment and

involvement in the prevention and control of soil

4 4 Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment

erosion.

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SLIDE 5

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

MODULE OBJECTIVES MODULE OBJECTIVES

Module Overview Module Overview

Gi i f th i t Gi i f th i t

Give an overview of the environment

Give an overview of the environment in Imo State in Imo State St t f th i t i I St t f th i t i I

State of the environment in Imo

State of the environment in Imo State State V i t f th i t V i t f th i t

Various aspects of the environment

Various aspects of the environment

Introduction to the key challenges

Introduction to the key challenges

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 5 5

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SLIDE 6

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Module Objectives (contd.) Module Objectives (contd.)

Learning Outcomes Learning Outcomes

E h d d t di f th E h d d t di f th

Enhanced understanding of the

Enhanced understanding of the environment environment

Enhanced understanding of how the

Enhanced understanding of how the

Enhanced understanding of how the

Enhanced understanding of how the environment affects our lives daily environment affects our lives daily

Enhanced understanding of the

Enhanced understanding of the

Enhanced understanding of the

Enhanced understanding of the need for community action need for community action

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 6 6

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SLIDE 7

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

Invaluable human & material resources Invaluable human & material resources lost annually in Imo State from: lost annually in Imo State from:

Environmental pollution Environmental pollution Perennial floods and landslides Perennial floods and landslides Soil erosion and gully development Soil erosion and gully development Soil erosion and gully development Soil erosion and gully development Degraded agricultural lands. Degraded agricultural lands.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 7 7

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SLIDE 8

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

OUR ENVIRONMENT & ECOSYSTEMS OUR ENVIRONMENT & ECOSYSTEMS

ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT – – integral part of our daily lives. integral part of our daily lives.

Consists of all natural and physical Consists of all natural and physical elements of the living space elements of the living space elements of the living space elements of the living space

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 8 8

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SLIDE 9

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Our Environment & Ecosystems ( Our Environment & Ecosystems (contd contd) ) Natural and physical components Natural and physical components

  • f the environment:
  • f the environment:

Soil Surface water Surface water Groundwater Air Air Man-made structural/ physical enhancements to the living space

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 9 9

enhancements to the living space

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SLIDE 10

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Our Environment & Ecosystems ( Our Environment & Ecosystems (contd contd) )

A i i f i l d A i i f i l d An ecosystem is a community of animals and An ecosystem is a community of animals and plants interacting with one another and with plants interacting with one another and with their physical environment. their physical environment. p y p y Components of the ecosystem: human and animal life; human and animal life; Aquatic habitats; Wetlands; Man-made enhancements (homes & workplaces).

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 10 10

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SLIDE 11

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF THE ENVIRONMENT IN IMO STATE IN IMO STATE IN IMO STATE IN IMO STATE

Surface and Subsurface Soil Quality: Surface and Subsurface Soil Quality:

Soil contamination from industrial and Soil contamination from industrial and commercial wastes; commercial wastes; L l d i l fl di f L l d i l fl di f Local and regional flooding from Local and regional flooding from stormwater; stormwater; Soil pollution from medical and other Soil pollution from medical and other Soil pollution from medical and other Soil pollution from medical and other hazardous wastes; hazardous wastes; Surface destruction from mining activities. Surface destruction from mining activities.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 11 11

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SLIDE 12

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

State of the environment (contd.) State of the environment (contd.)

Surface Water Quality (body of water found Surface Water Quality (body of water found

  • n the ground surfaces
  • n the ground surfaces -
  • rivers, streams,

rivers, streams, k l k t ) k l k t ) creeks, lakes, etc.) creeks, lakes, etc.) Polluted by wastewaters from industries in urban cities; urban cities; Polluted by wastewaters from households; Polluted by human and animal wastes; Polluted by human and animal wastes; Polluted by direct and indirect solid waste dumps.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 12 12

p

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SLIDE 13

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

State of the environment (contd.) State of the environment (contd.)

Groundwater Quality (water found under Groundwater Quality (water found under the ground) the ground) Polluted by the numerous solid waste Polluted by the numerous solid waste dumps; dumps; dumps; dumps; Polluted by petrol filling stations; Polluted by petrol filling stations; Polluted by industrial solid and liquid Polluted by industrial solid and liquid wastes; wastes; Polluted by untreated sewage. Polluted by untreated sewage.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 13 13

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SLIDE 14

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

State of the environment (contd.) State of the environment (contd.)

Air Quality: Air Quality:

Polluted by indiscriminate burning of Polluted by indiscriminate burning of wastes; wastes; Polluted by fumes from exhaust of Polluted by fumes from exhaust of Polluted by fumes from exhaust of Polluted by fumes from exhaust of vehicles; vehicles; Polluted by discharges from chemical Polluted by discharges from chemical Polluted by discharges from chemical Polluted by discharges from chemical industries and combustion stacks. industries and combustion stacks.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 14 14

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SLIDE 15

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

State of the environment (contd.) State of the environment (contd.)

Man Man-

  • made Enhancements to Living Space

made Enhancements to Living Space (physical developments (physical developments – – buildings, roads, buildings, roads, drainages etc ) drainages etc ) drainages, etc.) drainages, etc.) Structural blights; Structural blights; Floods from poorly developed areas; Floods from poorly developed areas; Floods from poorly developed areas; Floods from poorly developed areas; Floods from poorly constructed Floods from poorly constructed dams/ drainages; dams/ drainages; Erosion from poorly constructed Erosion from poorly constructed drainages. drainages.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 15 15

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SLIDE 16

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

WHY WE MUST BE CONCERNED WHY WE MUST BE CONCERNED ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT

Human health at risk; Human health at risk; Destruction of the environment; Destruction of the environment; Ancestral living space at risk; Ancestral living space at risk; Future of unborn generations Future of unborn generations Future of unborn generations. Future of unborn generations.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 16 16

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SLIDE 17

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Why we must be concerned Why we must be concerned About the environment (contd ) About the environment (contd ) About the environment (contd.) About the environment (contd.)

Soil Erosion responsible for: Soil Erosion responsible for: Soil Erosion responsible for: Soil Erosion responsible for:

Thousands of community deaths every year; y ; Hundreds of homelessness in one’s home.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 17 17

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SLIDE 18

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

WHY COMMUNITY ACTION IS REQUIRED WHY COMMUNITY ACTION IS REQUIRED

Lives of millions of community members at Lives of millions of community members at stake; stake; Potential loss of community ancestral land; Potential loss of community ancestral land; Loss of community properties and Loss of community properties and economic trees/crops economic trees/crops economic trees/crops. economic trees/crops.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 18 18

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SLIDE 19

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Why Community Action Is Required (contd) Why Community Action Is Required (contd) Imo State Government committed to: Imo State Government committed to: Cleaner; Cleaner; Healthier; and Healthier; and Healthier; and, Healthier; and, Safer Safer Environment and neighbourhoods Environment and neighbourhoods Environment and neighbourhoods. Environment and neighbourhoods.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 19 19

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SLIDE 20

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Questions? Questions? Questions? Questions?

Time For A C Time For A Change! hange! Time For A C Time For A Change! hange! We need a paradigm shift We need a paradigm shift – change!! change!! We need a paradigm shift We need a paradigm shift – change!! change!!

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 20 20

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SLIDE 21

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Di i Q i ? Di i Q i ? Discussion Questions? Discussion Questions?

OUR ENVIRONMENT OUR ENVIRONMENT – – WHOSE TO PROTECT? WHOSE TO PROTECT?

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 21 21

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SLIDE 22

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

  • Environmental degradation is ‘killing’

Environmental degradation is ‘killing’ everyone everyone

  • Environment must be everyone’s

Environment must be everyone’s

  • Environment must be everyone s

Environment must be everyone s responsibility responsibility

  • Every Community Must Take Ownership of

Every Community Must Take Ownership of y y p y y p Its Environment!! Its Environment!!

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 22 22

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SLIDE 23

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

END OF END OF MODULE 1 MODULE 1

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 23 23

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SLIDE 24

SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL IMO STATE, NIGERIA IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Organized By: Organized By:

OIL RESOURCES & ALLIED INVESTMENTS LIMITED OIL RESOURCES & ALLIED INVESTMENTS LIMITED

  • Owerri. Imo State.
  • Owerri. Imo State.

08033007596; 08064896919; 08034354645 08033007596; 08064896919; 08034354645

Presented by: Presented by:

Workshop Module 2 Workshop Module 2

  • Dr. Odili N. Ojukwu, P.E.
  • Dr. Odili N. Ojukwu, P.E.

Executive Director Executive Director -

  • WIEF

WIEF Registered Professional Engineer, (CA, USA) Registered Professional Engineer, (CA, USA) g g , ( , ) g g , ( , ) D.M. Organizational Management D.M. Organizational Management Ph.D. Environmental Science Ph.D. Environmental Science M.Phil. Chemical Engineering M.Phil. Chemical Engineering BSc Chemical Engineering BSc Chemical Engineering g g g g

24 24

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum & Environment May-June, 2009

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SLIDE 25

WORKSHOP GOALS WORKSHOP GOALS W K H L W K H L

GOALS OF WORKSHOP INCLUDE:

  • To highlight the various aspects of the environment and

how they impact our daily lives; y p y

  • To create an understanding of ecosystems and how

natural and human activities cause changes in them;

  • To create an understanding and appreciation of soil
  • To create an understanding and appreciation of soil

erosion processes;

  • To create an understanding of factors that influence

soil erosion and how erosion affects us and our soil erosion and how erosion affects us and our communities;

  • To create understanding of need for integrated

h t ti d t lli il i d approach to preventing and controlling soil erosion; and,

  • To induce participants’ active sense of commitment and

involvement in the prevention and control of soil

25 25 Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment

erosion.

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SLIDE 26

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

MODULE OBJECTIVES

Module Overview Module Overview

Soil erosion processes and gullies Factors influencing soil erosion Factors influencing soil erosion What can be done about soil erosion Key challenges to erosion control

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 26 26

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SLIDE 27

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Module Objectives (contd.) Module Objectives (contd.)

Module Outcomes: Module Outcomes:

Understanding soil erosion processes and gullies Understanding how soil erosion affects Understanding how soil erosion affects

  • ur lives

Understanding the need for integrated remedial and preventive action remedial and preventive action

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 27 27

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SLIDE 28

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

SOIL EROSION is the detachment and SOIL EROSION is the detachment and removal of soil particles by rainwater, wind removal of soil particles by rainwater, wind

  • r other flow agents
  • r other flow agents (thi

k h i h thi k h i h

  • r other flow agents
  • r other flow agents (this workshop is however

this workshop is however focused on erosion from rainwater focused on erosion from rainwater):

): EROSION in Imo State is creating gullies that are killing people, destroying properties, destroying ancestral lands and living space destroying ancestral lands and living space, and destroying fertility of agricultural soils .

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 28 28

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SLIDE 29

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Introduction ( Introduction (Contd Contd) )

Everywhere you look, in villages and in towns, we see signs of soil erosion G ll E i f f i Gully Erosion for most areas of Imo State is destroying everything within its path Typical Gully Erosion Sites

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 29 29

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SLIDE 30

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

SOIL EROSION IN IMO STATE

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 30 30

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SLIDE 31

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.) Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.)

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 31 31

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SLIDE 32

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.) Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.)

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 32 32

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SLIDE 33

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.) Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.)

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 33 33

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SLIDE 34

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.) Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.)

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 34 34

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SLIDE 35

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.) Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.)

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 35 35

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SLIDE 36

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.) Soil Erosion In Imo State (contd.)

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 36 36

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SLIDE 37

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

UNDERSTANDING SOIL EROSION UNDERSTANDING SOIL EROSION

What Is Soil Erosion? What Is Soil Erosion?

Detaching soil particles and transporting to Detaching soil particles and transporting to unintended locations; unintended locations; B ht b t b t d i d B ht b t b t d i d Brought about by water and wind; Brought about by water and wind; Can be a slow process; Can be a slow process; Contributes significantly to soil losses Contributes significantly to soil losses Contributes significantly to soil losses Contributes significantly to soil losses annually; annually; Destroys ecosystems. Destroys ecosystems.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 37 37

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SLIDE 38

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.) Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.)

Soil Erosion Process: Soil Erosion Process:

Begins with rain falling directly on bare Begins with rain falling directly on bare Begins with rain falling directly on bare Begins with rain falling directly on bare ground surface; ground surface; Force of raindrop splashes cause Force of raindrop splashes cause breakdown of soil surface structure; breakdown of soil surface structure; breakdown of soil surface structure; breakdown of soil surface structure; Soil particles are detached from the Soil particles are detached from the ground surface; ground surface; D t h d il ti l d h t D t h d il ti l d h t Detached soil particles are moved short Detached soil particles are moved short distance away from original position distance away from original position – – this is sheet erosion. this is sheet erosion.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 38 38

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SLIDE 39

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.) Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.)

Soil Erosion Process (contd.): Soil Erosion Process (contd.):

Rain water which does not soak into the Rain water which does not soak into the ground, build up and flows downslope under gravity (runoff) creating small flow channels (rills) in its path this is rill erosion; (rills) in its path – this is rill erosion; Runoff from different rills come together, b ild t d s d d t build up momentum and speed and create larger flow channels (large rills) in its path – this is gully erosion.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 39 39

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SLIDE 40

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.) Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.)

Sheet Erosion Rill Erosion Gully Erosion

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 40 40

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SLIDE 41

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.) Understanding Soil Erosion (contd.)

What Is Stormwater (Rainfall) Runoff? What Is Stormwater (Rainfall) Runoff?

F i f i hi h d k F i f i hi h d k Fraction of rain water which does not soak Fraction of rain water which does not soak into (infiltrate) the soil after rainfall; into (infiltrate) the soil after rainfall; Flows under the action of gravity; Flows under the action of gravity; g y g y Occurs if rain arrives too quickly (i.e. high Occurs if rain arrives too quickly (i.e. high intensity); intensity); Occurs if soil has already absorbed all the Occurs if soil has already absorbed all the Occurs if soil has already absorbed all the Occurs if soil has already absorbed all the water it can hold (i.e. fully saturated). water it can hold (i.e. fully saturated).

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 41 41

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SLIDE 42

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE SOIL EROSION SOIL EROSION SOIL EROSION SOIL EROSION

Soil properties (erodibility); Soil properties (erodibility); Ground slope (topography); Vegetation (ground cover); and Vegetation (ground cover); and, Rainfall characteristics; and, Changes in land use (anthropogenic) Changes in land use (anthropogenic).

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 42 42

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SLIDE 43

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Soil Properties (Erodibility):

Soil erodibility measures ability of soils to Soil erodibility measures ability of soils to resist detachment; Soil consists of particles vary in sizes (clay, p y y silt, sand, gravel, and organic matter); Topsoil is mainly organic matter (decaying l t d i l i ) plants and animal remains); Organic matter provides nutrients to soil and improves soil structure

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 43 43

and improves soil structure.

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SLIDE 44

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Soil Properties (Erodibility):

R i t t il i i ith Resistance to soil erosion increases with: Coarse soil particles; Faster infiltration rates; Faster infiltration rates; Higher levels of organic matter; and, Improved soil structure. p

(Infiltration is the flow of water into the soil).

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 44 44

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SLIDE 45

EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Ground Slope (topography):

  • Topography is the flatness or undulating nature of

Topography is the flatness or undulating nature of the terrain or area; the terrain or area;

  • Slope steepness is how inclined the ground is;

Slope steepness is how inclined the ground is;

  • Water flows from higher elevations to lower

Water flows from higher elevations to lower Water flows from higher elevations to lower Water flows from higher elevations to lower elevations. elevations. Chances of erosion to occur increase w ith:

  • Slope length;

Slope length;

  • Slope steepness.

Slope steepness.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 45 45

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Vegetation (Ground cover): Vegetation (Ground cover):

Vegetation (grasses plants trees etc ) Vegetation (grasses, plants, trees, etc.) provides ground protective cover; Grasses slow down runoff and allows rain to soak into the ground; Plant roots hold soil in position and t it f b i h d prevent it from being washed away.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 46 46

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Vegetation (Ground cover): Vegetation (Ground cover):

Plants break impact of raindrops; Plants break impact of raindrops; Plants break impact of raindrops; Plants break impact of raindrops; Plants in wetlands and on the banks of Plants in wetlands and on the banks of rivers slow down flow of the water rivers slow down flow of the water rivers slow down flow of the water rivers slow down flow of the water and their roots bind the soil; and their roots bind the soil; Deforestation, over Deforestation, over-grazing, and fires grazing, and fires , g g, g g, make soils vulnerable to erosion. make soils vulnerable to erosion.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 47 47

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Rainfall Characteristics: Rainfall Characteristics:

Rainfall characteristics Rainfall characteristics - frequency frequency Rainfall characteristics Rainfall characteristics frequency, frequency, intensity, and duration influence amount intensity, and duration influence amount

  • f runoff generated;
  • f runoff generated;

Rainfall frequency is how often the rain Rainfall frequency is how often the rain falls; falls; R i f ll i t it i h h i f ll i R i f ll i t it i h h i f ll i Rainfall intensity is how much rainfall in a Rainfall intensity is how much rainfall in a unit time and duration is how long the unit time and duration is how long the rainfall lasts rainfall lasts

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 48 48

rainfall lasts. rainfall lasts.

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Rainfall Characteristics: Rainfall Characteristics:

F eq ent ains ed ces the chances of F eq ent ains ed ces the chances of Frequent rains reduces the chances of Frequent rains reduces the chances of water to drain through soils; water to drain through soils; Infiltration is also reduced with prolonged Infiltration is also reduced with prolonged i f ll i f ll rainfall; rainfall; Soils become saturated with frequent, Soils become saturated with frequent, high intensity and prolonged rainfalls. high intensity and prolonged rainfalls. g y p g g y p g

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 49 49

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Rainfall Characteristics: Rainfall Characteristics:

Chances of increased soil erosion occurs with:

  • Increase in rainfall frequency;

Increase in rainfall frequency;

  • Increase in rainfall intensity; and
  • Increase in rainfall duration.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 50 50

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.) Factors That Influence Soil Erosion (contd.)

Human Activities (anthropogenic) Human Activities (anthropogenic): :

  • Construction of residential homes, and

Construction of residential homes, and , major infrastructures, and industries; major infrastructures, and industries;

  • Road constructions;

Road constructions;

  • Temporary construction sites;

Temporary construction sites; Temporary construction sites; Temporary construction sites;

  • Bush burning;

Bush burning;

  • Site clearing;

Site clearing;

  • Construction of drainage systems; and

Construction of drainage systems; and

  • Construction of drainage systems; and,

Construction of drainage systems; and,

  • Destruction and blocking of drainage

Destruction and blocking of drainage systems. systems.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 51 51

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION EFFECTS OF SOIL EROSION

Loss of lives and properties; Soil quality; Surface water quality;

Siltation Contamination

L f t l l d d Loss of ancestral land; and, Human health risk.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 52 52

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

DISCUSSION QUESTION #1 DISCUSSION QUESTION #1

Discuss possible options open to: Communities L l d St t t Local and State governments Private sector in dealing with the gully erosion night mare.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 53 53

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

DISCUSSION QUESTION #2 DISCUSSION QUESTION #2 DISCUSSION QUESTION #2 DISCUSSION QUESTION #2

Laterite excavation is a booming business in Imo State: Discuss observed effects on communities where it takes place.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 54 54

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

DISCUSSION QUESTION #3 DISCUSSION QUESTION #3 DISCUSSION QUESTION #3 DISCUSSION QUESTION #3

Discuss: Discuss:

R l f th t t t i R l f th t t t i Role of the state government in Role of the state government in the prevention and control of the prevention and control of soil erosion in the state. soil erosion in the state. soil erosion in the state. soil erosion in the state.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 55 55

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

THE END THE END

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 56 56

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SLIDE 57

SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SENSITIZATION WORKSHOP ON SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL SOIL EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL IMO STATE, NIGERIA IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Organized By: Organized By:

OIL RESOURCES & ALLIED INVESTMENTS LIMITED OIL RESOURCES & ALLIED INVESTMENTS LIMITED

  • Owerri. Imo State.
  • Owerri. Imo State.

08033007596; 08064896919; 08034354645 08033007596; 08064896919; 08034354645

Presented by: Presented by:

Workshop Module 3 Workshop Module 3

  • Dr. Odili N. Ojukwu, P.E.
  • Dr. Odili N. Ojukwu, P.E.

Executive Director Executive Director -

  • WIEF

WIEF Registered Professional Engineer, (CA, USA) Registered Professional Engineer, (CA, USA) g g , ( , ) g g , ( , ) D.M. Organizational Management D.M. Organizational Management Ph.D. Environmental Science Ph.D. Environmental Science M.Phil. Chemical Engineering M.Phil. Chemical Engineering BSc Chemical Engineering BSc Chemical Engineering g g g g

57 57

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum & Environment May-June, 2009

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SLIDE 58

Map of Imo State Showing the Map of Imo State Showing the L l G A (LGA ) L l G A (LGA ) Local Government Areas (LGAs) Local Government Areas (LGAs)

58 58

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SLIDE 59

MODULE 3 CONTENT MODULE 3 CONTENT MODULE 3 CONTENT MODULE 3 CONTENT

1. 1.

WORKSHOP GOALS WORKSHOP GOALS

2. 2.

MODULE OBJECTIVES MODULE OBJECTIVES

i d l i d l i i. i. Module overview Module overview ii. ii. Module outcomes Module outcomes

3. 3.

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION

i. i. Contributors to soil erosion Contributors to soil erosion ii. ii. Factors influencing soil erosion Factors influencing soil erosion

4. 4.

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION

i. i. Considerations Considerations ii ii A h A h ii. ii. Approach Approach iii. iii. Non Non-

  • structural & natural methods

structural & natural methods iv. iv. Stormwater management at source Stormwater management at source

5. 5.

PARTICIPATING IN EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL PARTICIPATING IN EROSION PREVENTION & CONTROL

i. i. Community action Community action ii. ii. Government action Government action iii. iii. Organizations/ corporate action Organizations/ corporate action

6

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

6. 6.

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

7. 7.

REFERENCES REFERENCES

59 59

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SLIDE 60

WORKSHOP GOALS WORKSHOP GOALS

G l f W k h i l d G l f W k h i l d Goals of Workshop include: Goals of Workshop include:

To highlight the various aspects of the environment To highlight the various aspects of the environment and how they impact our daily lives; and how they impact our daily lives; To create an understanding of ecosystems and how To create an understanding of ecosystems and how natural and human activities cause changes in them; natural and human activities cause changes in them; To create an understanding and appreciation of soil To create an understanding and appreciation of soil erosion processes; erosion processes; To create an understanding of factors that influence To create an understanding of factors that influence soil erosion and how erosion affects us and our soil erosion and how erosion affects us and our communities; communities;

To create understanding of need for integrated To create understanding of need for integrated approach to preventing and controlling soil approach to preventing and controlling soil pp p g g pp p g g erosion; and, erosion; and, To induce participants’ active sense of To induce participants’ active sense of commitment and involvement in the prevention commitment and involvement in the prevention commitment and involvement in the prevention commitment and involvement in the prevention and control of soil erosion. and control of soil erosion.

60 60

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Module Overview Module Overview

MODULE OBJECTIVES MODULE OBJECTIVES

Module Overview Module Overview

  • Considerations and strategies for soil erosion

Considerations and strategies for soil erosion t l d ti t l d ti control and prevention; control and prevention;

  • Stakeholders’ active participation and

Stakeholders’ active participation and b l b l responsibilities. responsibilities.

Module Outcome Module Outcome

  • Defined integrated approach to soil erosion

Defined integrated approach to soil erosion prevention and control. prevention and control.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 61 61

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION C t ib t T S il E i C t ib t T S il E i

  • Construction of residential homes and

Construction of residential homes and industries industries

Contributors To Soil Erosion Contributors To Soil Erosion

  • Paving of soil surfaces at construction sites

Paving of soil surfaces at construction sites

  • Bush burning or clearing of sites

Bush burning or clearing of sites Non Non provision of proper drainages along provision of proper drainages along

  • Non

Non-provision of proper drainages along provision of proper drainages along roadways roadways

  • Construction of undersized drainages

Construction of undersized drainages

  • Destruction and blocking of drainages

Destruction and blocking of drainages systems systems

  • Agricultural farming habits

Agricultural farming habits Agricultural farming habits Agricultural farming habits

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 62 62

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Factors That Influence Soil Erosion Factors That Influence Soil Erosion

  • Soil properties (erodibility);

Soil properties (erodibility); G d l ( h ) G d l ( h )

  • Ground slope (topography);

Ground slope (topography);

  • Vegetation (ground cover); and,

Vegetation (ground cover); and,

  • Rainfall characteristics; and,

Rainfall characteristics; and,

  • Changes in land use (anthropogeny).

Changes in land use (anthropogeny).

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 63 63

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION

CONSIDERATIONS:

“Prevention is better than cure.” “Prevention is better than cure.”

  • Integrated remedial and preventive

Integrated remedial and preventive l i i d l i i d plan is required. plan is required.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 64 64

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION

CONSIDERATIONS (contd):

“Prevention is better than cure.” “Prevention is better than cure.”

W k l i i d d il W k l i i d d il ( )

  • Weak lateritic and sandy soils

Weak lateritic and sandy soils - unstable and poorly consolidated; unstable and poorly consolidated; O t t d il d i t d d O t t d il d i t d d

  • Oversaturated soils during extended

Oversaturated soils during extended rainfall periods. rainfall periods.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 65 65

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION

CONSIDERATIONS (contd):

“Prevention is better than cure.” “Prevention is better than cure.”

F di (f d l & l l) i F di (f d l & l l) i ( )

  • Funding (federal, state, & local) is

Funding (federal, state, & local) is limited (source and quantity) and limited (source and quantity) and have competing interests have competing interests have competing interests. have competing interests.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 66 66

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION

APPROACH: The most economical and effective The most economical and effective approach is to avoid: approach is to avoid: approach is to avoid: approach is to avoid:

1.

  • 1. Erosion susceptible situations

Erosion susceptible situations p 2.

  • 2. Inappropriate land uses

Inappropriate land uses

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 67 67

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion ( Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion (Contd Contd) ) APPROACH:

1.

  • 1. Non

Non-

  • structural and natural methods

structural and natural methods 2.

  • 2. Stormwater management at source

Stormwater management at source

APPROACH:

Remember: Remember:

  • The more water that goes into the ground, the

The more water that goes into the ground, the g g , g g , better is the chance of reducing erosive effects of better is the chance of reducing erosive effects of surface water flow and sustaining plant growth surface water flow and sustaining plant growth

  • Any action that prevents channelization of surface

Any action that prevents channelization of surface Any action that prevents channelization of surface Any action that prevents channelization of surface runoff will reduce opportunity for gully formation runoff will reduce opportunity for gully formation

  • View stormwater as important resource and

View stormwater as important resource and

  • pportunity for our communities
  • pportunity for our communities
  • pportunity for our communities
  • pportunity for our communities

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 68 68

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION

APPROACH:

“Prevention is better than cure.” “Prevention is better than cure.”

To reduce impacts of stormwater runoff To reduce impacts of stormwater runoff p

  • n each local watershed:
  • n each local watershed:
  • Redirect excess stormwater flow;

Redirect excess stormwater flow;

  • Conserve natural areas;

Conserve natural areas;

  • Reduce impervious cover;

Reduce impervious cover; B k t fl l l th ith B k t fl l l th ith

  • Break water flow on local pathways with

Break water flow on local pathways with logs, stone packs or old tyres. logs, stone packs or old tyres.

  • Integrate stormwater treatment.

Integrate stormwater treatment. teg ate sto ate t eat e t teg ate sto ate t eat e t

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 69 69

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION OF SOIL EROSION

APPROACH (contd):

“Prevention is better than cure.” “Prevention is better than cure.”

P bli d i i l P bli d i i l ( )

  • Public education essential to

Public education essential to sustainability. sustainability.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 70 70

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Approach to Prevent and Control Erosion ( Approach to Prevent and Control Erosion (Contd Contd) ) Non Non-

  • structural and Natural Methods:

structural and Natural Methods:

Apply indigenous technologies in pp y g g construction of:

  • Diversion channels;

Di h

  • Ditches;
  • Detention ponds;
  • Barriers;

R d l t

  • Roads layout.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 71 71

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Approach to Prevent and Control Erosion ( Approach to Prevent and Control Erosion (Contd Contd) ) Stormwater Management at Source: Stormwater Management at Source:

  • Avoid land use practices that reduce soil

i fil i i d il bili infiltration capacity and soil permeability

  • Encourage grass and herbaceous cover of

soil for as long as possible each year soil for as long as possible each year

  • Avoid heavy grazing on steep slopes

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 72 72

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

PARTICIPATING IN EROSION PARTICIPATING IN EROSION PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL

  • Community Action

Community Action

PREVENTION AND CONTROL PREVENTION AND CONTROL

Government Action Government Action

  • Government Action

Government Action

  • Corporate/ Private Organization Action

Corporate/ Private Organization Action

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 73 73

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Participating in Erosion Prevention and Participating in Erosion Prevention and Control ( Control (contd contd) )

Community Action: Community Action:

  • New homes in communities to conform to

New homes in communities to conform to it it b d t ti id li b d t ti id li community community-

  • based protective guidelines.

based protective guidelines.

  • Runoff from construction sites must be

Runoff from construction sites must be kept at the barest minimum (maximum kept at the barest minimum (maximum ept at t e ba est u ( a u ept at t e ba est u ( a u

  • nsite infiltration);
  • nsite infiltration);
  • Community to provide protective

Community to provide protective it i d f t d it i d f t d monitoring and enforcement, and monitoring and enforcement, and violations reporting at construction sites. violations reporting at construction sites.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 74 74

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

G i G i

Participating in Erosion Prevention and Participating in Erosion Prevention and Control ( Control (Contd Contd) )

Government Action Government Action:

  • Provide institutional controls;

Provide institutional controls;

  • Provide programme guidelines for

Provide programme guidelines for

  • Provide programme guidelines for

Provide programme guidelines for community conduct, monitor, and control community conduct, monitor, and control

  • f soil erosion within their respective
  • f soil erosion within their respective

communities; and communities; and

  • Define responsibilities for all responsible

Define responsibilities for all responsible parties (property owners LGA works parties (property owners LGA works parties (property owners, LGA works parties (property owners, LGA works superintendents, construction firms, superintendents, construction firms, grader operators, road construction grader operators, road construction k d it l d ) k d it l d ) workers and community leaders). workers and community leaders).

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 75 75

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Participating in Erosion Prevention and Participating in Erosion Prevention and Control ( Control (Contd Contd)

Corporate/ Private Organization Action: Corporate/ Private Organization Action: A ti iti i hi h t ti d A ti iti i hi h t ti d

Control ( Control (Contd Contd)

Activities in highway construction and Activities in highway construction and maintenance must be altered to maintenance must be altered to prevent or minimize onsite stormwater prevent or minimize onsite stormwater p runoff; runoff; Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility

Responsible operation Responsible operation Responsible operation Responsible operation Goodwill toward community in which they Goodwill toward community in which they

  • perate.
  • perate.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 76 76

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

DISCUSSION QUESTION #1 DISCUSSION QUESTION #1

Figure 1 Figure 2

Take a close look at Figures 1 and 2 and Take a close look at Figures 1 and 2 and discuss how things could have been done discuss how things could have been done differently and by whom differently and by whom differently and by whom. differently and by whom.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 77 77

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

DISCUSSION QUESTION #2 DISCUSSION QUESTION #2

Figure 3 Figure 4

Take a close look at Figures 3 and 4 and Take a close look at Figures 3 and 4 and discuss how things could have been done discuss how things could have been done differently and by whom differently and by whom differently and by whom. differently and by whom.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 78 78

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

DISCUSSION QUESTION #3 DISCUSSION QUESTION #3

Figure 5

Take a close look at Figure 5 and discuss Take a close look at Figure 5 and discuss how things could have been done how things could have been done differently and by whom differently and by whom differently and by whom. differently and by whom.

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 79 79

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 80 80

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EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

THE END THE END

Sponsored By: Imo State Ministry of Petroleum and Environment 81 81