Wireless Sensor Networks Connecting the Internet to the Physical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Wireless Sensor Networks Connecting the Internet to the Physical - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Wireless Sensor Networks Connecting the Internet to the Physical World Dr Dirk Pesch Centre for Adaptive Wireless Systems Cork Institute of Technology Cork, Ireland http://www.aws.cit.ie EuroVIEW 2008, Wrzburg, 22 nd July 2008 D. Pesch,

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SLIDE 1

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Wireless Sensor Networks Connecting the Internet to the Physical World

Dr Dirk Pesch

Centre for Adaptive Wireless Systems Cork Institute of Technology Cork, Ireland

http://www.aws.cit.ie

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SLIDE 2

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Overview

  • Introduction to Wireless Sensor Networks
  • Application Space and Examples
  • Sensor Network Design Challenges
  • Challenges in Sensor Network Connection

to Internet

  • Specific Application - Wireless Building

Management and Control

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SLIDE 3

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Structure of a Wireless Sensor Network

Interface electronics, radio and microcontroller Soil moisture probe

Mote

Antenna Gateway Server Internet Sensor field

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SLIDE 4

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Wireless Sensor Nodes

  • Sensor Node Hardware

– Sensors + Processing – „Tiny“ – Low Price – Low Power Consumption

  • Wireless Communications/Networking

– Several technologies in ISM bands

  • typically IEEE 802.15.4

– Protocol stacks

  • several, often proprietary
  • Operating Systems

– Several, majority TinyOS, but also Contiki, SOS, Mantis, etc.

  • Reference Devices

– Berkeley motes, e.g. Mica2, MicaZ, TelosB – Fraunhofer eGRAIN – Tyndall National Institute motes – Many others

http://www.xbow.com/

Fraunhofer: eGRAIN Crossbow Mote Tyndall sensor node

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SLIDE 5

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Why Connecting WSN to the Internet?

  • Extending the reach of the Internet into the physical

world

– Building “The Internet of Things”

  • Sensing wide range of parameters to gather data to

provide Internet applications with real world context

– Enhancing the “Semantic Web”

  • Effecting application decisions onto the real world

– Sensor/actuator networks

  • Creating novel applications for Internet connected

devices

– Enhancing mobile handsets with sensors – Making the mobile device the Internet gateway

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SLIDE 6

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Sensor Network Design Challenges

  • Scale of sensor network

– Thousands of devices

  • Deployment

– Random vs. planned

  • Node/Sensing Coverage

– Sporadic, contiguous

  • Connectivity

– Intermittent, continuous

  • Node size and packaging
  • Node lifetime

– Battery power, energy harvesting – Fault tolerance

  • Node mobility
  • Heterogeneity of devices

– Range of processing and power capabilities – Range of sensing capabilities

  • Heterogeneity of

protocols

– Wide range of application specific protocols – Most effective protocols not part of any standard

  • Sensor network

management

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SLIDE 7

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Application Space for Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Home and building automation and control
  • Industrial automation
  • Automotive and vehicular environment
  • Monitoring in building and construction sector
  • Urban monitoring and control (traffic, safety, energy, …)
  • Animal and life stock tracking, habitat monitoring
  • Agriculture
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Medicine, healthcare, and sports performance
  • Surveillance, safety, and security
  • many other …
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SLIDE 8

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Lifeline

  • Idea for Lifeline:

– put sensors along the way when entering the building – relay data information and voice messages from firefighters wirelessly to the incident commander outside at the fire engine – collect information, e.g. temperature, air quality and visibility, and warn the firemen if the return is blocked. – relay voice messages from firefighter back to incident commander

Emergency Management

Sensor Network on Firefighter and in Building

IST IP wearit@work

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SLIDE 9

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Recreational/e-Health

http://www.ece.uah.edu/~jovanov/whrms/

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SLIDE 10

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Current Research in Communication Protocols for WSN

  • WSN is one of the “hot topics” in computer network/computer

science research at the moment

  • Much research has addressed communication protocol issues for

WSN over the past 7 – 8 years

– focus initially on PHY, MAC, NWL with a view to power efficiency – Recently more attempts at cross-layer interaction to improve on power issues – Research often within scope of a specific application space – Focus also often not in line with industry developments and standards

  • Many disparate proposals that try to solve a particular problem

– A new MAC protocol, a new routing approach, a specific data dissemination protocol, etc.

  • Biggest problem – performance evaluation largely based on

computer simulation

– range of simulation environments that all give different results – very few real WSN deployments, even less of large scale

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SLIDE 11

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Current Standards based Communication Technologies

  • IEEE802 Series

– IEEE802.11/WiFi – IEEE802.15.1/Bluetooth, WiBree – IEEE802.15.4

  • IEEE802.15.4 based

– ZigBee – Wireless HART – ISA-SP100.11a

  • IETF’s 6LoWPAN
  • Z-Wave
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SLIDE 12

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Challenges for Wireless Sensor Network Connection to Internet

  • Accessibility and connection points

– How and where to connect sensor networks to the Internet – What are the best interfaces between sensor networks and the Internet

  • Addressability of nodes and services

– How to address individual sensor nodes from the Internet – is this really necessary – How to address services provided by sensor networks – traditional URL based addressing and service registers too heavy

  • Volume and representation of data

– Potentially huge volume of data, in particular in environmental monitoring – Representation and meaning of data

  • Protocol compatibility and interworking

– Plethora of protocols developed for wireless sensor networks - no “one standard” as used in Internet – How to best interwork between TCP/IP and range of sensor network protocols

  • Quality of Service
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SLIDE 13

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Example Application: Building Management and Control

  • Connecting and controlling buildings with/over the Internet

– Improved ambience and work environments – web based control – Reduced energy consumption – controlling, creating awareness – Assisted Living – supporting ageing society – Security – remote monitoring and alerting

  • Reduced energy consumption - focus of Cork Smart

Building Cluster

– Energy used in buildings accounts for almost half of energy consumed in the European Community – Building sector produces 22% of total CO2 emissions in the EC - more than industrial sector – Almost 85% of the energy used in buildings is for low temperature applications such as space and water heating

  • Wireless Building Management and Control Systems

– Are retrofitable – contribute to the efficient management and energy reduction in buildings

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SLIDE 14

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Sensor Networks for Building Management

CONTROL Artificial Lighting CONTROL External Shading Devices CONTROL Task Lights Self-Adaptive, Wireless Sensor/Actuator Infrastructure Maintain & Analyse History Compare with Design Intent CONTROL Value-Added Services Paradigm: PREDICTIVE BUILDING OPERATION New Hardware Micro-Zone Control

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SLIDE 15

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Challenges for Wireless Building Control and Management

  • Node life-times currently one to two orders of magnitude

shorter than building life-time

  • No clear roadmap for protocol standards

– IEEE802.15.4/ZigBee seems favourite – serious power and scalability issues – Effective integration with Local, Wide Area Networks, the Internet

  • Limited understanding of wireless sensor network design

for BMS

– Hierarchical network architecture comprising heterogeneous technologies – Large scale sensor network with wide range of sensors required, e.g. ca. 500 nodes in building of ca. 3000m2 – No proper sensor network design approach and tool support

  • Sensor network management systems required
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SLIDE 16

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Irish Activities: Cork Smart Building Cluster

  • 10 PI
  • 7 PI
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SLIDE 17

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

aggregation dimensions middleware complexity adaptability location services management

prototype manufacturing

context nano-technology reasoning preferences value-added services maintenance

transportation sector energy sector manufacturing sector computer science sector full services sector management sector OPTIMIZATION OPTIMIZATION COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS COLLABORATIVE NETWORKS SENSORS SENSORS WIRELESS NETWORKS WIRELESS NETWORKS SERVICE ARCHITECTURE SERVICE ARCHITECTURE SYSTEMS INTEGRATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INTEGRATION ENERGY MANAGEMENT

configuration

OPERATOR OPERATOR USER USER

  • peration

SFI Funded Strategic Research Cluster “IT for Energy Efficient Building Operation”

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SLIDE 18

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

NEMBES Research Programme

Reliability Massively Connected NES Technology Space Embedded Hardware Programming Tools Service Management & Middleware Wired/Wireless Networking NES Application Space: The Responsive Built Environment Use of Networked Embedded Systems in built environment design and management Model Driven Engineering SW/Service Composition Massively Connected Systems Self-Management of NES Network Design Techniques and Tools Embedded Network Protocols Smart Systems Integration Co-Design NES Case Studies Energy in Built Environment, Hospital Hygiene

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SLIDE 19

EuroVIEW 2008, Würzburg, 22nd July 2008

  • D. Pesch, C-AWS, CIT

Conclusions

  • Wireless Sensor Networks “hot topic” in computer

networking research

– Building “The Internet of Things”

  • Extending reach of Internet into physical world

with sensor networks

– Creates potential for new applications – Creates challenges for sensor network design

  • Specific application of building management and

control

– Focus on energy management – Challenges in wireless sensor network design for BMS