Wayfinding Robert W. Lindeman Worcester Polytechnic Institute - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mar 21, 2024 414 likes •633 views

CS-525V: Building Effective Virtual Worlds Wayfinding Robert W. Lindeman Worcester Polytechnic Institute Department of Computer Science gogo@wpi.edu Plan for Tonight Wayfinding Project Demos R.W. Lindeman - WPI Dept. of Computer

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CS-525V: Building Effective Virtual Worlds

Wayfinding

Robert W. Lindeman

Worcester Polytechnic Institute Department of Computer Science

gogo@wpi.edu

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Plan for Tonight

Wayfinding Project Demos

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Navigation

Navigation = Travel + Wayfinding Travel is the component of VR that

involves moving from one place to another

Wayfinding is:

 Knowing where you are,  Knowing where your destination is, and  Having some knowledge of how to get there.

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Wayfinding in the Real World

How do we do wayfinding in the real

world?

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Why Study Wayfinding?

 Two reasons for wayfinding improvement in VR

 VR performance enhancement  Training transfer

 We can show that:

 One set of wayfinding cues works better than another  Exposure to wayfinding cues in a VR improve

wayfinding in the real world.

 Spatial Comprehension:

 The ability to perceive, understand, remember, and

recall for future use.

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Spatial Knowledge Acquisition

 Direct environmental exposure  Indirect tools, like maps

 These can be used outside or inside of the

environment

 Direct cues (urban situations)

 Landmarks  Routes (or paths) between landmarks  Nodes are junctions in routes  Districts are regions of the city  Edges prevent or deter travel

 Typical edge is a river or lake

 Landmarks and nodes typically live in districts, and

routes pass through districts and connect them

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Spatial Knowledge Acquisition Using Maps

Can be used prior to travel

 Used to plan ahead  Should be "North Up"

Can be used during travel

 Require a ego-to-geo transformation  Where am I? Which direction am I facing?  This must be updated during travel  Should be "Forward Up"

The key to map use for navigation is

resolving the egocentric to geocentric perspective transformation.

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Spatial Acquisition

 Landmark, Route, Survey (or LRS) model

described by Seigel and White and Thorndyke and Goldin

 Landmarks are acquired  Route knowledge is added to go between certain

pairs of landmarks

 Survey knowledge allows me to plan a route between

any two landmarks

 The use of maps allows us to leapfrog directly

to survey knowledge

 But, this is inferior to real-world survey knowledge

development

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Strategies

Looking for shoes in the mall

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Map Examples

Forward-Up Map

 http://www.gametrailers.com/player/32457.html  http://www.gametrailers.com/player/17541.html

North-Up Map

 http://www.gametrailers.com/player/19720.html

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Maps: North Up

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Maps: Forward Up

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Maps: Forward Up + Landmarks

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Maps: Paths

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Maps: Paths on the Map

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Maps: Sun as Landmark

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Landmarks

Distinguishable (unique) Viewable from a good distance Memorable

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Signage

Can be:

 World fixed  Body fixed  Object fixed

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Signage

(http://www.FourWindsInteractive.com/)

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Reference

Much material from

 Darken, R.P., Peterson, B. (2002) "Spatial

Orientation, Wayfinding, and Representation," Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications, Kay M. Stanney (ed.), pp. 493- 518.

http://vehand.engr.ucf.edu/handbook/Chapters/Chapter28/Chapter28.html