Water S Sustainability ty De Design f for Arch chitect cts Presented by Taylor Chang | San Francisco Public Utilities Commission 1
Desig esign f for or Water er AIA Framework for Design Excellence: Sustainable design conserves and improves the quality of water as a precious resource. 2
Learn about the National Blue Ribbon Commission for Onsite Non-potable Water Systems’ innovative and collaborative approach to addressing key design, implementation, regulatory, and water quality challenges to onsite water reuse to create consistency across the United States. Explore the risk-based approach used to develop treatment requirements Learning and monitoring approaches. Objectives Learn about the soon to be released guidance manual and training materials, which teaches designers, developers, operators, and regulators the knowledge and skills to safely implement decentralized water systems. Discover steps to reducing potable water use and to determine what is really needed. Do we really need to irrigate a lawn, or can we plant self- sufficient natives instead? Do we need to use potable water in our chiller, or can we use captured rainfall or collected condensate? 3
ADVANCING ONSITE WATER REUSE & LESSONS LEARNED Taylor Chang San Francisco Public Utilities Commission February 26, 2020 4
San Francisco Public Utilities Commission Power: generating Wastewater: protecting Water: delivering high hydropower and solar public health and the quality water every day power environment to 2.7 million people 5
Challenges to Future Water Supply Reliability 6
OneWaterSF: Moving from a Linear Approach to Integrated Planning and Implementation Traditional Resource Management OneWaterSF 7
San Francisco’s Local Water Program • Conservation • Groundwater • Recycled Water • Onsite Water Reuse • Innovations Program 8
ONSITE WATER REUSE PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION 9
Buildings Generate Resources, Not Waste Precipitation collected from roofs and above-grade surfaces Wastewater from toilets, dishwashers, kitchen sinks, and utility sinks Precipitation collected Wastewater from clothes at or below grade washers, bathtubs, showers, and bathroom sinks Nuisance groundwater from dewatering operations 10
Pioneering Onsite Water Reuse at SFPUC Headquarters 11
San Francisco’s Evolving Onsite Water Reuse Program 12
181 Fremont, San Francisco Graywater and Rainwater for Flushing and Irrigation 1.3M GPY Potable Offset 13 Source: Jay Paul Company and Heller Manus Architects
1500 Mission, San Francisco Graywater and Rainwater for Flushing and Irrigation 2.5M GPY Potable Water Offset Source: Aquatecture
Salesforce Tower, San Francisco Blackwater for Flushing, Cooling, and Irrigation 7.8M GPY Potable Offset Source: Aquacell 15
Moscone Convention Center, San Francisco Foundation Drainage and Condensate for Flushing, Irrigation, and Street Sweeping 11M GPY Potable Offset Source: Skidmore, Ownings & Merrill LLP with Mark Cavagnero Associates 16
Chase Center, San Francisco Rainwater, Stormwater, Graywater, and Condensate for Flushing 3.7M GPY Potable Offset 17 Source: Golden State Warriors
ONSITE WATER REUSE SAN FRANCISCO’S LESSONS LEARNED 18
Onsite Water Reuse Key Lessons Learned • Water Quality and Treatment Design • Key Utility Considerations • Operator Capacity • Partner with Developers, Designers, and General Public • Resource Recovery Opportunities 19 Source: Golden State Warriors
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Key Program Elements • Require connections to municipal water and sewer systems • Require backflow protection requirements • Conduct cross-connection test prior to operation 20
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Water Quality and Treatment Design • CA Plumbing Code limitations • Protection of public health: risk-based water quality standards • Design treatment systems to reduce pathogens that can impact public health (protozoa, bacteria, and virus) 21 Source: US EPA
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Water Quality and Treatment Design Graywater and Blackwater Treatment • Biological treatment of graywater and blackwater can reduce TSS, turbidity and BOD; improve UV Transmittance; and can reduce ammonia • Raw graywater BOD can be as high as 600 mg/L • Consider aesthetics desired for end uses, e.g. toilet flushing 22
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Water Quality and Treatment Design • Routing rainwater through a green roof or planter can create issues with color and turbidity • Tanks and pipes must be properly sealed to prevent mosquito growth • Plumbing cistern to be able to flush with potable water helps avoid dry season stagnation 23 Source: Port of SF
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Key Utility Considerations • Wastewater flows and odors • Capacity charge adjustments • Excess use charges 24
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Operator Capacity • Operators benefit from having experience with both traditional water and wastewater technologies • Require operators to sign affidavit acknowledging they possess appropriate knowledge, skills, and training • Early communication is key among operators, project owners, and engineers about ongoing O&M costs and responsibilities 25 Source: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Develop Technical and Financial Assistance 26
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Share Learning with Designers and Vendors • Encouraging blackwater reuse in commercial buildings as opposed to graywater can achieve significantly higher potable water savings 27 Source: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Public Education • Signage in bathrooms and common areas is an opportunity to engage occupants and visitors about conserving water with onsite water treatment systems 28 Source: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Resource Recovery Opportunities Wastewater Heat Recovery: The extraction of thermal energy from warm wastewater, and subsequent beneficial use of this energy to offset building energy use for applications such as hot water heating or space heating/cooling Cold potable water Pre-heated potable water Warm non-potable water Cooled non-potable water 29
Onsite Water Reuse Lessons Learned Wastewater Heat Recovery • Integration with onsite water reuse can offset some or all the energy needed for treatment • Maximizing benefits requires integration with building hot water and/or space heating & cooling systems • All projects applying for an Onsite Water Reuse grant must estimate the potential energy offset that can be achieved with wastewater heat recovery in the grant application • Mixed-use and multi-family buildings are required to implement wastewater heat if applying for an Onsite Water Reuse grant 30
SAN FRANCISCO’S INNOVATIONS PROGRAM 31
Brewery Process Water Reuse • Typical brewery can use 5 – 7 gallons of water to produce 1 gallon of beer • Breweries can collect & treat process water onsite to reduce water footprint • Rinsing tanks, bottles, and kegs • Floor wash down • Cooling towers • Beer production • SFPUC Onsite Water Reuse Grant Program contains guidance on brewery process water reuse 32 Source: Water & Wastes Digest
Brewery Process Water Reuse Need for New Strategy to Protect Public Health • San Francisco’s chemical and pathogen control strategy is based on four key elements to ensure public health protection: 33
PureWaterSF Researching Direct Potable Reuse at the Building Scale 34
PureWaterSF Findings: Water Quality and Treatment Performance ✔ ✔ Chemicals are below regulatory >1,300 individual analyses performed ✔ limits in finished water Pharmaceuticals & other CECs are removed well through treatment train ✔ Below Below Treatment processes achieved Detection Detection pathogen removal goals 35
Atmospheric Water Generation Additional Opportunity to Produce Water Onsite Hangar 1 Fog Point Vodka made with captured fog Source: Zero Mass Water AWG at the Denver Botanic Garden Source: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission 36
ONSITE WATER REUSE COLLABORATING ON A NATIONAL LEVEL 37
National Blue Ribbon Commission for Onsite Non-potable Water Systems 38 Source: San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
National Blue Ribbon Commission Address Key Issues • Create Consistent Water Quality Standards From State to State • Promote Risk-Based Water Quality Standards • Encourage Local Oversight and Management Programs • Forum for Peer to Peer Learning 39
Varying Water Quality Standards Across the US 40 Source: Jay Garland, US EPA
Independent Expert Panel Developed a risk-based water quality approach for onsite non- potable water systems Pathogen Log Reduction Targets (LRTs) Continuous online monitoring Treated water quality standards 41
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