October is mental health month. Presentation by: cora howard
OCD: What is it? OCD- obsessive-compulsive disorder Definition: a mental disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas, sensations Types of OCD: Contamination, Symmetry, Checking, Hoarding, Intrusive Thoughts, Hair Pulling Trichotillomania (TTM), Skin Pricking – Excoriation, Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) ETC.
OCD: How to Treat / counseling Medication: includes Anti-depressants such as fluvoxamine fluoxetine sertraline paroxetine citalopram clomipramine escitalopram venlafaxine
OCD: Continued (side effects) Common Side effects: Severe side effects: ● thoughts about harming yourself or ending your life ● feeling agitated, shaky or anxious ● chest pain or pressure, or shortness of breath ● feeling or being sick ● severe dizziness or passing out ● mild dizziness and/or headaches ● yellow skin or eyes – this can be a sign of liver problems ● tired, weak and/or sleepy ● fits, feelings of euphoria, excessive enthusiasm or excitement, ● unable to sleep or a feeling of restlessness that means you can’t sit or stand ● diarrhoea or constipation still ● dry mouth ● putting on or losing weight without trying to ● unusual dreams ● hair loss ● lack of concentration ● Constant yawning ● increase in mouth saliva ● sweating ● blurred vision
OCD: References “Medication Side Effects.” Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) | OCD-UK, www.ocduk.org/overcoming-ocd/medication/medication-side-effects/. “Medications for OCD.” International OCD Foundation, iocdf.org/about-ocd/treatment/meds/. “Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 17 Sept. 2016, www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder/symptom s-causes/syc-20354432.
Depression: what is it? Depression, otherwise known to some as MDD (major depressive disorder) is a common and serious medical illness that affects the way a person feels and acts. Symptoms: Feeling sad or having a depressed mood Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed Changes in appetite — weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much Loss of energy or increased fatigue Increase in purposeless physical activity Feeling worthless or guilty Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions Thoughts of death or suicide
Depression: continued Where does it come from?: Biochemistry: Differences in certain chemicals in the brain may contribute to symptoms of depression. Genetics: Depression can run in families. For example, if one identical twin has depression, the other has a 70 percent chance of having the illness sometime in life. Personality: People with low self-esteem, who are easily overwhelmed by stress, or who are generally pessimistic appear to be more likely to experience depression. Environmental factors: Continuous exposure to violence, neglect, abuse or poverty may make some people more vulnerable to depression.
Depression: Continued-- Treatment Medication: Anti-depressants (117) Psychotherapy, or “talk therapy,” is sometimes used alone for treatment of mild depression; for moderate to severe depression, psychotherapy is often used in along with antidepressant medications Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been found to be effective in treating depression. CBT is a form of therapy focused on the present and problem solving. CBT helps a person to recognize distorted thinking and then change behaviors and thinking.
If suicidal thoughts: Options for help 1. Call the crisis hotline 2. Call 911 3. Go to the nearest emergency room 4. Talk to someone/tell someone 5. Think things over
Depression: references “List of Depression Medications (117 Compared).” Drugs.com, Drugs.com, www.drugs.com/condition/depression.html. “What Is Depression?” Warning Signs of Mental Illness, www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression. “Depression Hotline Number.” Mental Help Early Childhood Cognitive Development Language Development Comments, www.mentalhelp.net/articles/depression-hotline/.
Addiction: What is it? Definition: the fact or condition of being addicted to a particular substance, thing, or activity. ● Addiction is a complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence. ● People with addiction have an intense focus on using a certain substance, such as alcohol or drugs, to the point that it takes over their life. ● They keep using alcohol or a drug even when they know it will cause problems. Yet a number of effective treatments are available and people can recover from addiction and lead normal, productive lives.
Addiction: continue- symptoms A great deal of time is spent using substances or engaging in the problematic behavior. The inability to cut back or quit using or engaging in the behavior. A strong desire to use or engage in the behavior. An inability to fulfill obligations at school, work, or home. Relationship or social problems resulting from use or behavior. Previously enjoyed hobbies are abandoned in favor of use or behavior. Tolerance to the substance or behavior. Withdrawal symptoms upon cessation of use or behavior.
Addiction: continued- Types ● Alcohol Drug ● Prescription drug ● ● Gambling ● Eating disorders ● Gaming ● Pornographic
Addiction: References What Is Addiction?, www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/addiction/what-is-addiction. “Types of Addiction.” Addiction Treatment, www.addiction-treatment.com/research/types-of-addictions/. “8 Types of Addictions (and How They Are Treated).” Recovery.org.uk, www.recovery.org.uk/addiction/types-of-addictions/.
Insomnia: what is it Definition: habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep. Who does it affect: everyone Causes: stress, jet lag, poor sleep habits, eating too late in the evening, not sleeping on a regular schedule, due to work or travel Medical causes: mental health disorders, medications (such as antidepressants or pain medications), conditions such as cancer, heart disease, and asthma chronic pain,restless leg syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea
Insomnia: continued Types -chronic insomnia, lasts a month or longer -acute insomnia, lasts a day or days, or weeks -comorbid insomnia, associated with another disorder -onset insomnia, difficulty falling asleep -maintenance insomnia, inability to stay asleep
Insomnia: side effects - Increased risk for medical conditions - Stroke, asthma attacks, seizures, weak immune system, sensitivity to pain, inflammation, obesity, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, heart disease - Increased risk for mental disorders - Depression, anxiety,confusion and frustration - Increased risk for accidents - performance at work or school, sex drive, memory, judgement - Shortened life expectancy
Insomnia: continued medication Sleeping medication(such as) - Antidepressants - Benzodiazepines - Doxepin - Eszopiclone - Ramelteon - Suvorexant - Zaleplon - Zolpidem
Insomnia: references “Drugs to Treat Insomnia.” WebMD, WebMD, www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/insomnia-medications. “Insomnia: Health Effects, Factors, and Diagnosis.” Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-concerns. “Treatments for Insomnia: Medication, Lifestyle, and More.” Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/health/insomnia-treatments.
Anxiety: what is it & Types -Anxiety is your body’s natural response to stress. It’s a feeling of fear or apprehension about what’s to come. Types: ● PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) ● illness anxiety disorder ● obsessive-compulsive disorder ● Separation anxiety disorder ● social anxiety disorder ● Phobia ● Panic disorder
Anxiety: continued- Symptoms & signs Symptoms: Signs: ● feeling faint or dizzy ● increased heart rate ● shortness of breath ● dry mouth ● rapid breathing ● Sweating ● Restlessness ● chills or hot flashes ● apprehension and worry ● trouble concentrating ● Restlessness ● difficulty falling ● Distress ● Fear asleep ● numbness or tingling
Anxiety: Continued - Medication Natural remedies: ● getting enough sleep ● Meditating ● staying active and exercising ● eating a healthy diet ● staying active and working out ● avoiding alcohol ● avoiding caffeine ● quitting smoking cigarettes
Anxiety: References “Medical Information and Health Advice You Can Trust.” Healthline, Healthline Media, www.healthline.com/. Jovanovic, Tanja, et al. “Anxiety - What Is Anxiety & How To Treat It.” Anxiety.org, 30 Aug. 2018, www.anxiety.org/what-is-anxiety. Team, The MNT Editorial. “Anxiety: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatments.” Medical News Today, MediLexicon International, 12 Dec. 2017, www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/anxiety.
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