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Visualization and Nonphotorealistic Rendering Adrien Treuille Carnegie Mellon Universtiy Saturday, February 27, 2010 Outline Visualization Non-photorealistic Rendering Cutaway Illustration Contour Drawing Good photographs.

  1. Visualization and Nonphotorealistic Rendering Adrien Treuille Carnegie Mellon Universtiy Saturday, February 27, 2010

  2. Outline • Visualization • Non-photorealistic Rendering • Cutaway Illustration • Contour Drawing • Good photographs. • Map Drawing • Painting Saturday, February 27, 2010

  3. Outline • Visualization • Non-photorealistic Rendering • Cutaway Illustration • Contour Drawing • Good photographs. • Map Drawing • Painting Saturday, February 27, 2010

  4. Visualization • Goal: Use computer graphics to understand data. • For virtual every data type there is a corresponding visualization. • The importance of graphics! http://medvis.vrvis.at/fileadmin/hvr/images/headlarge.jpg Saturday, February 27, 2010

  5. Numerical Data http://www.manifold.net/news/fly_through.jpg Saturday, February 27, 2010

  6. Graphs http://www.wandora.org/wandora/wiki/images/Tree_graph_example.gif Saturday, February 27, 2010

  7. Graphs http://www.designinginteractions.com/chapters/7 Saturday, February 27, 2010

  8. Geographic Data http://flowingdata.com/wp-content/plugins/yet-another-photoblog/cache/g_econ.6zhzwniskpgcwwgs00okoco4s.7dm680981og04ocskgcsckco4.th.jpeg Saturday, February 27, 2010

  9. Flow Visualization http://www.faculty.iu-bremen.de/llinsen/publications/ParkYuHotzKreylosLinsenHamann06.jpg Saturday, February 27, 2010

  10. 3D Volume Data http://medvis.vrvis.at/fileadmin/hvr/images/headlarge.jpg Saturday, February 27, 2010

  11. Example Saturday, February 27, 2010

  12. Volume Rendering • Visualize Large dataset for scienti fi c / medical application. • Generally do not start with a 3D model. INPUT CT Scan - White means higher radiodensity. OUTPUT Saturday, February 27, 2010

  13. Data Format • A cube of density values. Saturday, February 27, 2010

  14. Large Datasets INPUT CT Scan - White means higher radiodensity. OUTPUT : I R M B M r 0 o 5 • T ≈ C 0 0 2 × 2 1 5 × 2 1 5 • . g . e : n a m u H e B l M b • i 3 s 3 i V 4 ≈ 4 3 7 1 × 2 1 5 × 2 • 1 5 Saturday, February 27, 2010

  15. Two Options • Surface Rendering • Volume Rendering Saturday, February 27, 2010

  16. Two Options • Surface Rendering • Volume Rendering Saturday, February 27, 2010

  17. Surface Rendering • Threshold volume data. • Then run our favorite algorithm.... • Hint: rhymes with “starching dudes” Saturday, February 27, 2010

  18. Two Options • Surface Rendering • Volume Rendering Saturday, February 27, 2010

  19. Two Options • Surface Rendering • Volume Rendering Saturday, February 27, 2010

  20. Volume Rendering • Some data better visualized as a volume, not a surface. • Idea: Use voxels and transparency. Raytraced Volume Isosurface Rendering Saturday, February 27, 2010

  21. Volume Rendering Pipeline Volume Rendering Pipeline • Data volumes come in all types: tissue density (CT), wind speed, pressure, temperature, value of implicit function. • Data volumes are used as input to a transfer function, which produces a sample volume of colors and opacities as output. – Typical might be a 256x256x64 CT scan • That volume is rendered to produce a final image. Transfer function Rendering Data sets Sample Volume Image Saturday, February 27, 2010

  22. Transfer Functions Transfer Functions • Transform scalar data values to RGBA values • Apply to every voxel in volume • Highly application dependent • Start from data histogram Saturday, February 27, 2010

  23. Transfer Function Example Transfer Function Example Mantle Convection Scientific Computing and Imaging (SCI) University of Utah Saturday, February 27, 2010

  24. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  25. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  26. Volume Ray Casting Volume Ray Casting • Ray Casting – Integrate color and opacity along the ray – Simplest scheme just takes equal steps along ray, sampling opacity and color – Grids make it easy to find the next cell Saturday, February 27, 2010

  27. Trilinear Interpolation Trilinear Interpolation • Interpolate to compute RGBA away from grid • Nearest neighbor yields blocky images • Use trilinear interpolation • 3D generalization of bilinear interpolation Nearest neighbor Trilinear interpolation Saturday, February 27, 2010

  28. Trilinear Interpolation Trilinear Interpolation Bilinear interpolation Trilinear interpolation Saturday, February 27, 2010

  29. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  30. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  31. Splatting Splatting • Alternative to ray tracing • Assign shape to each voxel (e.g., sphere or Gaussian) • Project onto image plane (splat) • Draw voxels back-to-front • Composite (a-blend) Saturday, February 27, 2010

  32. Example Saturday, February 27, 2010

  33. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  34. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  35. 3D Textures 3D Textures • Alternative to ray tracing, splatting • Build a 3D texture (including opacity) • Draw a stack of polygons, back-to-front • Efficient if supported in graphics hardware • Few polygons, much texture memory 3D RGBA texture Viewpoint Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  36. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  37. Three Options • Ray Casting • Splatting • 3D Textures Draw back to front Saturday, February 27, 2010

  38. Two Options • Surface Rendering • Volume Rendering Saturday, February 27, 2010

  39. Two Options • Surface Rendering • Volume Rendering Saturday, February 27, 2010

  40. Visualization Saturday, February 27, 2010

  41. Outline • Visualization • Non-photorealistic Rendering • Cutaway Illustration • Contour Drawing • Good photographs. • Map Drawing • Painting Saturday, February 27, 2010

  42. Basic Idea • Which best conveys “reality?” Photograph. Painting. Computer Graphics A Rough Sea at a Jetty, 1650. Duncan Brinsmead Jacob van Ruysdael. source: Jos Stam. Photography changes what we think “reality” looks like. Saturday, February 27, 2010

  43. Reality A Rough Sea at a Jetty, 1650. - Jacob van Ruysdael. • This instance in time never happened! • Perhaps a better match of “subjective reality.” • Better illustration of “what was going on.” Saturday, February 27, 2010

  44. NPR Text • Perhaps we can do better graphics... • By doing non-photorealistic graphics ! A Rough Sea at a Jetty, 1650. - Jacob van Ruysdael. • This instance in time never happened! • Perhaps a better match of “subjective reality.” • Better illustration of “what was going on.” Saturday, February 27, 2010

  45. NPR Pipeline • NPR Research often follows this pipeline... parameter space model space model space cutting volume w cutting volume cutting volume max extents max extents u 1 (a) Object- aligned 0 v’ box cut 1 w’ u’ parameter space 1 cutting volume u’ v u (b) 1 Transverse tube cut 0 w v’ u u’ (c) 1 Wedge tube cut w’ 0 1 2 ! u’ v u (d) 1 Freeform window cut 0 u (b) Thorax 1 (e) v’ 0 Four-sided window cut 1 u’ v http://www.ohsu.edu/library/hom/exhibits/exhimages/200706anatomy/bEf1a5.jpg Parameter space Model space (1) Study Existing (2) Extract General (3) “Algorithmicize” Rendering or Aesthetic Rules These Rules Illustration Technique Saturday, February 27, 2010

  46. Outline • Visualization • Non-photorealistic Rendering • Cutaway Illustration • Contour Drawing • Good photographs. • Map Drawing • Painting Saturday, February 27, 2010

  47. Goal Saturday, February 27, 2010

  48. Box Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  49. Box Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  50. Window Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  51. Window Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  52. Wedge Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  53. Wedge Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  54. Transverse Tube Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  55. Transverse Tube Cut Saturday, February 27, 2010

  56. Cut Taxonomy parameter space model space model space cutting volume w cutting volume cutting volume max extents max extents u 1 (a) Object- aligned v’ 0 box cut 1 w’ u’ parameter space 1 cutting volume u’ v u (b) 1 Transverse tube cut 0 w v’ u u’ (c) 1 Wedge tube cut w’ 0 1 2 ! u’ v u (d) 1 Freeform window cut 0 u 1 (e) v’ 0 Four-sided window cut 1 u’ v Parameter space Model space Saturday, February 27, 2010

  57. Results (Source: Li et al. InteractiveCutawayIllustrationsofComplex3DModels) Saturday, February 27, 2010

  58. Outline • Visualization • Non-photorealistic Rendering • Cutaway Illustration • Contour Drawing • Good photographs. • Map Drawing • Painting Saturday, February 27, 2010

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