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Visible Physics
Ben Rogers
Director of Curriculum and Pedagogy: Paradigm Trust
problem solving
Visible Physics
Ben Rogers - Director of Curriculum and Pedagogy: Paradigm Trust
memory teaching gesture
Visible Physics Ben Rogers Director of Curriculum and Pedagogy: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Visible Physics Ben Rogers Director of Curriculum and Pedagogy: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Visible Physics Ben Rogers Director of Curriculum and Pedagogy: Paradigm Trust Visible Physics Ben Rogers - Director of Curriculum and Pedagogy: Paradigm Trust problem teaching gesture memory solving Memory The Ebbinghaus Forgetting
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Memory
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The Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve - 1885
time recall
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kinetic energy kinetic energy kinetic energy gravitational potential gravitational potential gravitational potential thermal thermal thermal
The Surprisingly Powerful Influence of Drawing on Learning
The Picture Superiority Effect
Source: Fernandez et al 2018
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kinetic energy kinetic energy kinetic energy gravitational potential gravitational potential gravitational potential thermal thermal thermal
The Surprisingly Powerful Influence of Drawing on Learning
The Picture Superiority Effect
Source: Fernandez et al 2018
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Source: Fernandez et al 2018
The Surprisingly Powerful Influence of Drawing on Learning
The Picture Superiority Effect
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Teaching
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Should I explain a visual?
5N F
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Should I explain a visual?
Source: Kalyuga, Chandler and Sweller (2000)
5N F
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How should I explain my visual?
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... ... ...
This chart shows the temperature level rise over the past 170 years. Scientists say this is at least in part attributable to human activity - the artificial increase in CO2 levels globally....
How should I explain my visual?
verbal labeled separate text
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... ... ...
This chart shows the temperature level rise over the past 170 years. Scientists say this is at least in part attributable to human activity - the artificial increase in CO2 levels globally....
How should I explain my visual?
verbal labeled separate text
Source: Moreno and Mayer 1990
retrieval
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Long Term Memory Working Memory External Memory
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Long Term Memory Working Memory External Memory
visual audio
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Teaching
Organising Knowledge
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Compare Group Sequence Cause and Effect
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Different Different Similar
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The Earth orbits the Sun. The Earth has liquid oceans. The Earth has an atmosphere. Both are approximately spherical. Both rotate. Both have gravity. The Moon orbits the Earth. The Moon has no atmosphere. The Moon’s orbital period is the same as its rotation period. Different Different Similar
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Ishikawa Diagram - Cause and Effect
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Ishikawa Diagram - Cause and Effect
Why do I a need to keep pedalling to stay at the same velocity?
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Ishikawa Diagram - Cause and Effect
Friction between the road and the wheels Force resisting motion Air resistance Friction between the axles and wheels Force resisting motion Force resisting motion
Why do I a need to keep pedalling to stay at the same velocity?
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Teaching
Tidy Layouts Reduce Cognitive Load
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Using the Grid
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Using the Grid
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... ... ...
This chart shows the temperature level rise over the past 170 years. Scientists say this is at least in part attributable to human activity - the artificial increase in CO2 levels globally....
How should I explain my visual?
verbal labeled separate text
Source: Moreno and Mayer 1990
retrieval
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Should I add ‘seductive’ details?
Source: Harp and Mayer 1997
seductive illustration
1000s killed by lightning …..
seductive text core information
assessment performance core only core with seductive illustration core with seductive text core with both
Adding detail intended to motivate and engage has a detrimental effect on learning.
☁
- --
Source: Harp and Mayer 1997
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Summary
Explaining Images
- Explain images to
novices (not to experts)
- Verbal beats
labeled Labelling Images
- Dual coding
increases retention
- Avoid the Split
Attention Effect Tidiness Matters
- Use ‘the grid’ to
design slides
- Insist on tidy
working
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Problem Solving
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Computational Efficiency: Search and Inference
One end of a rope is secured to the floor while the other end is passed through a pulley directly above. The free end of the rope is attached to a 5N weight. The weight is suspended by the rope. What is the size of the force required to suspend the pulley?
Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words: Larkin and Simon (1987)
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Computational Efficiency: Search and Inference
5N F One end of a rope is secured to the floor while the other end is passed through a pulley directly above. The free end of the rope is attached to a 5N weight. The weight is suspended by the rope. What is the size of the force required to suspend the pulley? T T
Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words: Larkin and Simon (1987)
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mg T x Retort stand masses spring
How much detail?
A demonstration, photo or video often shows too much detail for a novice. This is a representational visual: it shows where the parts go. This is an explanatory visual: it shows the relationship between parts.
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mg T x Retort stand masses spring
How much detail?
concrete pictorial abstract
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mg T x Retort stand masses spring
How much detail?
concrete pictorial abstract
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v t
Concrete and Abstract
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v t
Concrete and Abstract
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1 2 3 4
Concrete
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GPE
1 2 3 4
GPE KE
1 2 3 4
thermal
KE
thermal
KE
thermal
Concrete Abstract
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Concrete
GPE KE GPE KE
thermal thermal
KE
thermal
Abstract
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Concrete Abstract
GPE KE thermal
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Concrete Abstract
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Potential Difference
Charges travelling pd
Concrete Abstract
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Summary
Computational Efficiency
- Design diagrams and visuals to
reduce search and inference. Concrete Pictorial Abstract
- Move up and down the ladder
- f abstraction.
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Drawing with the Body
“When thought overflows the mind, the mind puts it back into the world.” Tversky 2018
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1 3 2
Iconic - representing an action through gesture. Deitic - pointing at imaginary objects. Metaphoric - hand signals which represent abstract ideas. Beats - gestures to punctuate a list. Emblem - classroom gestures with agreed meaning.
Gestures for Thinking
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1 3 2
Gestures for Explaining
Kang, Hallman, Son and Black 2012
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1 3 2
Gestures for Explaining
Kang, Hallman, Son and Black 2012
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post test #1 post test #2 video - talk alone video - talk + gesture n=184
Transfer test 24h
Does Teacher Gesture Improve Learning?
Cook, Duffy and Fenn 2013
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Cook, Duffy and Fenn 2013
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Source: Novac, Congdon Hemani-Lopez Goldin-Meadow (2002)
Learners encouraged to use concrete action Learners encouraged to use concrete gesture
Learners encouraged to use abstract gesture
n=90
Should we encourage learners to use gesture?
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Summary
Gestures Support Memory
- When learners use
gesture, retrieval is enhanced.
Gestures Support Teaching
- When teachers use
gesture, learning is enhanced.
Gestures Support Problem Solving
- When learners are
encouraged to use gesture, problem solving is enhanced.
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Theoretical Influences in this Presentation
Oliver Caviglioli Clark and Lyons Barbara Tversky
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Graphical Influences in this Presentation
Byrne’s Euclid Grid System xkcd
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