Video Tone Mapping dr. Francesco Banterle - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Video Tone Mapping dr. Francesco Banterle - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Video Tone Mapping dr. Francesco Banterle francesco.banterle@isti.cnr.it Video Tone Mapping How do HDR videos behave when applying a TMO for each frame? video sequence in this presentation from http://www.hdrv.org by Jonas Unger Video Tone


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SLIDE 1

Video Tone Mapping

  • dr. Francesco Banterle

francesco.banterle@isti.cnr.it

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SLIDE 2

Video Tone Mapping

  • How do HDR videos behave when applying a TMO

for each frame?

video sequence in this presentation from http://www.hdrv.org by Jonas Unger

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SLIDE 3

Video Tone Mapping

Sigmoid TMO

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SLIDE 4

Video Tone Mapping

Sigmoid TMO

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SLIDE 5

Video Tone Mapping

Adaptive Logarithmic TMO

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SLIDE 6

Video Tone Mapping

Adaptive Logarithmic TMO

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SLIDE 7

Video Tone Mapping

  • The application of a TMO per frame may lead to

temporal flicker

  • Why?
  • Global statistics may suddenly change:
  • A bright area appears in the frame
  • A bright area disappears from the frame
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SLIDE 8

Video Tone Mapping

Frame t Frame t + 1

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SLIDE 9

Video Tone Mapping

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SLIDE 10

Video Tone Mapping

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Video Tone Mapping

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Video Tone Mapping

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Video Tone Mapping

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Video Tone Mapping

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Statistics Smoothing

  • How to solve temporal flickering?
  • An idea is to smooth global statics with an 1D low

pass filter: box, Gaussian, etc.

  • Note: edges need to be smoothed not preserved in

the temporal domain!

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Statistics Smoothing

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Smoothed signal Original signal

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Statistics Smoothing

  • Smoothing can reduce temporal flicker but:
  • smoothing is ad-hoc solution for each TMO:
  • derived statics need to smoothed separately

[Kiser et al. 2012]

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SLIDE 18

Statistics Smoothing

a = 0.18 × 22 B−A

A+B

A = Lw,max − Lw B = Lw − Lw,min Ld(x) = Lm(x) ✓ 1 + Lm(x)

L2

white

◆ 1 + Lm(x) Lm(x) = a Lw Lw(x)

At = (1 − αA)At−1 + αAA αA ∈ [0, 1] Bt = (1 − αB)Bt−1 + αBB αB ∈ [0, 1] at = (1 − αa)at−1 + αaa αa ∈ [0, 1] Smoothing for each derived statistic:

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SLIDE 19

Statistics Smoothing

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SLIDE 20

Statistics Smoothing

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SLIDE 21

Global Overall Statistics

  • Another solution is to compute statistics over all

frames of a continuous cut [Kang et al. 2003]

  • Issues:
  • Cuts need to be identified
  • Bright/Dark problem
  • Full analysis of the sequence —> no real-time
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SLIDE 22

Global Overall Statistics

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Smoothed signal Original signal

Tone mapping frame 259

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SLIDE 23

Global Overall Statistics

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Smoothed signal Original signal

Tone mapping frame 259

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SLIDE 24

Global Overall Statistics

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Smoothed signal Original signal

Tone mapping frame 259

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SLIDE 25

Global Overall Statistics

Frame 259

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SLIDE 26

Global Overall Statistics

Frame 259

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SLIDE 27

Temporal Coherency

  • OK, temporal flickering can be reduced but…
  • This has to be carried for each TMO —> no

general solution

  • Not preserved:
  • perception consistency of an object
  • the overall temporal brightness
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SLIDE 28
  • The scene and display brightness match needs to be

ensured [Boitard et al. 2012]

  • How?
  • Note: the sequence needs to be fully analyzed

Temporal Coherency

L0

d(x) = Ld(x)Lw × Ld,max

Lw,max × Ld Lw Lw,max = Ld Ld,max

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SLIDE 29

Temporal Coherency

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SLIDE 30

Temporal Coherency

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SLIDE 31

Motion Vectors Method

  • Motion vectors, (u,v), between HDR frames:
  • These vectors are use to add a constraint:

Lw(x, y, t) = Lw(x + u, y + v, t + 1) C = X

x

X

y

✓ Ld(x, y, t) − Ld(x + u, y + v, t + 1) ◆2

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SLIDE 32

HDR

Motion Vectors Method

t t+1

HDR

(u,v)

LDR LDR

(u,v)

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SLIDE 33

Motion Vectors Method

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SLIDE 34

Motion Vectors Method

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SLIDE 35

Current Trends

  • The new trend is a spatio-temporal edge-aware

filter [Aydin et al. 2015]

  • Exploiting backward and forward optical flow
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SLIDE 36

Questions?