Utilization of Agricultural Waste for the Removal of Organic - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Utilization of Agricultural Waste for the Removal of Organic Pollutants from Aqueous Media Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan This presentation is focused on :
Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Pesticides applications Municipal discharge Power plants Oil spillage
Adsorption – a surface phenomenon
Adsorbent Adsorbate Removal of bound material is called desorption i.e. opposite of adsorption Selective solute binding
high enrichment factor, high recovery, rapid phase separation, low cost, low consumption of organic solvents the ability of combination with other
Activated carbon Clay/Minerals Alumina Fly ash Silica gel Agricultural waste Ion-exchange Resins XAD modified resins Coconut husk Rice husk Groundnut husk Apple residue Plant bushes Onion skin Zeolite Geolite River sand
Ion-imprinted polymers Immunoaffinity based sorbents Nano-composite materials Functionalized chelating polymers /
Agriculture wastes Sand, Clay, industrial waste Microbial biosorbents e.g. algae, fungi,
Scheme for the preparation of palladium Ion imprinted material. Daniel, Babu and Rao, Talanta (65) 441, 2005
(b) Cd(II) using sawdust as an adsorbent
(relatively abundant and inexpensive material)
20 40 60 80 100 2 4 6 8 pH % Sorption Cr(III) Cr(VI)
Saima, Bhanger and Khuhawar,
Easy, simple and economical Both specie of Cr can be adsorbed
Rapid and sensitive Can be designed on a large scale
Removal of Cd(II) ions both treated and untreated
Surface area 400 cm2 Maximum adsorption at pH 4 - 5
Saima, Najma, Bhanger and Khuhawar,
Untreated Treated
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2 4 6 8 10 pH q (metal uptake) mg g
S-1(sorbents treated with doubly distilled deionized water and dried at 283K for 8hrs)
20 40 60 80
S-1 Percent sorption BFA RB APS MOP RH PNH AH CNS SW CC DS NTL
20 40 60 80 100 S-2 S-3
S-2(sorbents treated with 0.1M nitricacid S-3(sorbents treated with methanol)
P ercent sorption BFA RB APS MOP RH PNH
0.2 g of each sorbent, 20 cm3 of 1.1î10-3 M toluene concentration, 30 min agitation time, pH 6 and 303K. 0.2 g of each sorbent, 20 cm3 of 1.1î10-3 M toluene concentration, 30 min agitation time, pH 6 and 303K.
Analyte Limit of Detection (ìg/ml) US EPA Recommended Limit in water (ìg/ml) Phenol 0.1 0.21 4-Chlorophenol 0.08 0.7 2,4-Dichlorophenol 0.08 0.8
1 = Phenol 2 = 4-Chlorophenol 3 = 2,4-Dichlorophenol
Analyte Limit of Detection (ìg/ml) US EPA Recommended Limit in water (ìg/ml) Methylparathion 0.05 0.01 Triazophos 0.05 0.01 Endosulfan 0.1 0.62 Cypermethrin 0.1 0.43 (1) (2) (3) (4)
(1) = Methyl parathion
(2) = Triazophos (3) = Endosulfan (4) = Cypermethrin
Analyte Analyte Limit of Detection Limit of Detection (ìg/ml) (ìg/ml) US EPA Recommended US EPA Recommended Limit in water (ìg/ml) Limit in water (ìg/ml) Methylparathion Methylparathion 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 Triazophos Triazophos 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.01 Endosulfan Endosulfan 0.1 0.1 0.62 0.62 Cypermethrin Cypermethrin 0.1 0.1 0.43 0.43
(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4)
(1) = Methyl parathion
(2) = Triazophos (3) = Endosulfan (4) = Cypermethrin
20 40 60 80 25 50 75 100 125 Agitation time (min) Percent sorption Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Cumene 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 25 50 75 100 125 Agitation time (min) Percent sorption
Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene Cumene
Effect of agitation time (5-120 min) on the percent sorption of BTEC onto 0.1 g RB, 25 cm3 of 100 g/ ml sorbate concentration of BTEC at pH 6 and 303 K. Effect
agitation time
the percent sorption of BTEC onto 0.1 g MOP, 25 cm3 of 100 g/ ml sorbate concentration of BTEC at pH 6 and 303 K.
Analyte Concentrati
analyte determined (µg/ ml) Concentration of analyte determined with spiked sample (µg/ ml) % sorption % recovery before sorption after sorption
Benzene
Toluene
Ethylben zene
Cumene
Analyte Concentration of analyte determined in spiked contaminated sample ((µg/ ml) % sorption % recovery Before sorption After sorption Benzene
Toluene
Ethylbenzene
Cumene
Percent sorption and percent recoveries of 4-CP and 2,4-DCP from industrial wastewater sample onto rice husk.
Analyte Wastewater (ìg/ml) Removal* (%) Recovery* (%) with 6 ml methanol Phenol
___ ___
4-Chlorophenol 98 ± 0.8 96 ±1.2 2,4-Dichlorophenol 99 ± 0.2 99 ± 0.6 S.No Characteristics Values 1 pH 7.3 2 EC (ìS cm-1) 286 3 Phenol N.D 4 4-CP (ìg ml-1) 0.4 5 2,4-DCP (ìg ml-1) 1.5
Mubeena, Bhanger, Hasany,
B 128, 44-52 (2006)
Sorbents Surface water Ground water Removal Recovery Removal Recovery Rice bran 99 98 99 98 Bagasse fly ash 99 98 99 98 Moringa oleifera pods 98 97 98 97 Rice husk 97 96 97 96
Parameters
MOP Rice husk
Total intrusion volume (ml/g) 0.72 0.01 0.694 0.046
Total pore area (m2 g-1) 27 0.8 17 0.6
Average pore diameter (nm) 86 1.3 51 1.5
Carbon % 97.6 0.02 24.1 0.05
SiO2%
K2O% 2.4 0.02
CaO % 1.5 0.03 0.28 0.02
Fe2O3 % 1.1 0.01 0.3 0.03
Cellulose weight % 15.6 0.05 0.4 0.04
Hemicellulose % 11.1 0.07 0.6 0.02
Lignin % 10.7 0.08 0.5 0.01
Crude fibre % 13.8 0.06 0.8 0.02
Rice husk Moringa oleifera seed pods Bagasse fly ash
different functional groups present on the sorbents surfaces such as −OH, NH2 metal oxides (via ash content i.e. Si−O−Si) and fibre carbonaceous CxOH. These functional groups may be dissociated at different pH values as per their acidic dissociation constants and consequently take part in surface complexation / exchange of sorbate species.
facilitate the sorption of positively charged species at low pH onto these active groups via surface complexation. .00
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+
The results of surface characterization indicate that
Therefore, the quantity and nature of active sites in