utilization for bioenergy; Government College University Pakistans - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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utilization for bioenergy; Government College University Pakistans - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 10, 2022 485 likes •836 views

Muhammad Aamer Mehmood Ph.D. (QAU), Post-Doc (SJTU) Associate Professor Biomass production and its Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology utilization for bioenergy; Government College University Pakistans perspective Faisalabad

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Muhammad Aamer Mehmood

Ph.D. (QAU), Post-Doc (SJTU)

Associate Professor

Department of Bioinformatics & Biotechnology Government College University Faisalabad

Visiting Professor

School of Bioengineering Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, China

E-mail: draamer@gcuf.edu.pk

Biomass production and its utilization for bioenergy; Pakistan’s perspective

12th Symposium: “Bioeconomy and Engineering Nexus” March 2, 2019 At Movenpick Hotel, Karachi Organized by Pakistan Academy of Engineering

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Energy Consumption; Global scenario

16 474 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 2010 2050

Pakistan’s Consumption Rate (Giga Watt)

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120,000 Tera Watts Every year!

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Pakistan receives 0.55-1.0 Mega Watt/m2/year

Adnan et al., 2012. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 4(3); 032701

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Do you think that Energy availability is a problem?

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How to store, retrieve and utilize it in cost, energy and environment efficient manner?

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Photovoltaic storage into Li-Ion batteries

Photosynthetic storage into Biomass

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Li-ion storage

  • Lower storage

capacity

  • Higher cost
  • Easy Retrieval

Photosynthetic storage

  • 58-90 Folds higher

storage

  • Variable cost
  • Variable Retrieval

Liao et al., 2016 , Nature Microbiology; doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.32

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Biomass can be considered as one

  • f the most promising foreseeable

resources to fuel the future

Keeping in view the Pakistani scenario

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Mehm ehmood

  • d et

t al., ., 2017, , Ad Advan vances in Energy, , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.aibe.2016.12.001

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Nature of Biomass

Mehmood et al., 2017, Advances in Energy, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.aibe.2016.12.001

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Biological Fermentation

➢Recalcitrance nature of biomass (lignin) ➢Requires pretreatment (Acid, base, steam-explosion etc) ➢Pretreatment release inhibitors-which interferes with saccharification and fermentation

Mehmood et t al., l., 2017, , Adva vances in in Energy, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.aibe.2016.12.001

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Fermentation; Challenges

Low yield due to;

  • Ethanol stress
  • Osmotic stress
  • Inhibitors stress

Expensive due to

  • Higher pretreatment costs
  • Low yield
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Pyrolysis is an alternative

  • ption!
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Pyrolysis

  • Thermochemical decomposition of biomass into solid,

liquids and gaseous products at 300-900 °C under inert environment.

  • Efficient and the fastest method to utilize biological

resources to produce energy, biooil, syn-gases, and biochar

  • The product formation depends on;
  • Chemical composition of the biomass
  • Particle size of the biomass
  • Pyrolysis conditions (temperature, heating rate,

residence time)

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Biomass sources in Pakistan?

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Where to produce the huge amount of required biomass?

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Marginal lands can be exploited to grow adapted grasses to produce the required biomass

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Marginal lands are unfit for agriculture

Low-profitability in terms of input/output balance

1

Poor soil structure, unfavorable climatic conditions

2

Poor or non- availability irrigation systems

3

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Marginal lands in Pakistan

Pakistan has ~9.0 million hectares

  • f salt-affected

soil

1

Several perennial grasses are adapted to these soils

2

Before we harness their potential, we need to evaluate

3

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Grasses adapted to marginal lands of Pakistan

Local name of grass Scientific name Yield of grass (Kg ha-1)

Para grass Urochloa mutica 57,000 Elephant grass Permisetum purpureum 38,000 Mott grass Pennesetum benthiumo 199,200 Carrot grass Parthenium hysterophorus 55000 Babui grass Eulaliopsis binate 1400 Camel grass Cymbopogon schoenanthus 1400 Cattail Typha latifolia 760 Egyptian grass Dactyloctenium aegyptium 11100

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Agronomic properties of the grasses

Local name of grass Characterization

Para grass

Invasive, fast growth

Elephant grass

Fast growth, Tall

Mott grass

Palatable, tall, broad leaves

Carrot grass

Fast growth, seed longevity, drought tolerance

Babui grass

Invasive, fast growth, drought tolerance

Camel grass

Adaptability, High growth capacity, adverse species, long, broad leaves

Cattail

High productivity, the longevity of seeds, can spread through the air.

Egyptian grass

Invasive, high productivity, rapid growth

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Volatile content

Grasses Moisture (%) Volatile Matter (%) Ash (%) Para grass 7.23 ± 0.18 79.45 ± 0.05 9.20 ± 0.06 Cattail grass 6.69 ± 0.18 71.30 ± 0.55 8.8 ± 0.19 Carrot grass 7.66 ± 0.15 69.03 ± 0.75 5.41 ± 0.08 Mott grass 5.83 ± 0.15 70.03 ± 0.53 3.18 ± 0.17 Egyptian grass 6.99 ± 0.18 71.04 ± 0.67 4.22 ± 0.14 Babui grass 7.33 ± 0.15 82.62 ± 0.19 5.72 ± 0.21 Camel grass 6.33 ± 0.15 82.67 ± 0.13 6.31± 0.39 Elephant grass 5.33 ± 0.15 80.13 ± 0.02 4.32 ± 0.34

23

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Energy potential based on High Heating Values

G ra s s e s H H V (M J /k g )

P a ra C a tta il C a rro t M o tt E g y p tia n B a b u i C a m e l E le p h a n t 5 1 0 1 5 2 0

Ahmad et al., 2017. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2017. 30:1237–1247. Mehmood et al, 2017. Bioresource Technology,

  • 2017. 228: 18-24.

Ahmad et al., 2017. Bioresource Technology,

  • 2017. 224: 708-713
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Established bioenergy crops

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Crop Nature, adapted climate Biomass Yield (tons ha-1 y-1) Potential characteristics Energy potential References

Bamboo (Bamboosa balcooa) perennial, adapted to moderately acidic loamy soils, warm humid environment 40-50 One of the fastest-growing plants, alcoholic & phenolic compounds 41.85 GJ ha-1

(Kuehl, 2015; V. Mishra, 2015; Mullet et al., 2014)

Cardoon (Cynara cardunculus) Perennial, adapted to high temperature and low rainfall 7.4 -14.6 artichoke oil, feedstock for the first bio-refinery and biodiesel 138 GJ ha-1

(Francaviglia et al., 2016; Mauromicale et al., 2014)

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus obliqua) perennial, adapted to temperate, tropical and subtropical poor soils 20 Source of essential oils, phenolic compounds, medicinal compounds, fast growing 233-245 GJ ha−1

(Eijck et al., 2012; Van Der Hilst & Faaij, 2012)

Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) Perennial, adapted to Mediterranean environment 36 Resistant to drought, used in dissolving pulp, durable yields, impressive bioenergy feedstock 2281 CH4 kg-1

(o Di Nasso et al., 2013)

Poplar (Populus tremula) Circumpolar subarctic and cool temperate 6-15.8 biofuels, carbon mitigation potential, and fast growing 92 TW h-1

(Saha & Eckelman, 2015)

Reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) Perennial, adapted to temperate regions, wet-soils, colder climatic, flood plains 15 drought-tolerant, phytoremediation, sources of drugs 97 GJ ha−1

(Lord, 2015; Pociene et al., 2013; Sanderson & Adler, 2008)

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) Perennial, adaptive to versatile growth conditions, C4-pathway 1-22 ethanol, butanol, biogas production, thermal energy, phytoremediation, drought, and flooding tolerant 60 GJ ha-1

(o Di Nasso et al., 2015; Schmer et al., 2008{Gabrielle, 2014 #568)

Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) Perennial, native to sandy or rocky river shores, temperate 9-20 source of food & nectar for honeybee rearing, the potential for bioenergy production 219.5 GJ ha-1

(Borkowska et al., 2009; Franzaring et al., 2014)

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Comparative Energy potential

G ra s s e s E n e rg y (k w h )

P a r a E l e p h a n t C a r r

  • t

M

  • t

t E g y p t i a n S w i t c h g r a s s C a r d

  • n

S i d a 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 1 8 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

Local grasses International established energy crops

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What we need to do?

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Optimization of perennial grasses for biomass production (OPTIMA, 2011- 2015)

21 Universities from Italy, Germany, Spain, Portugal, UK, Argentina, Belgium, Ireland, China and India

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Project activities of OPTIMA

Plant physiology & plant biotechnology

01

Characterization

  • f grasses to

European conditions

02

Optimization of agricultural practices

03

Farm scale productivity of selected grasses

  • n marginal lands

04

Energy products and plant-derived bio-materials

05

Environmental studies on perennial grasses

06

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CenUSA; Sustainable production & distribution of bioenergy for the Central USA

  • Feedstock development
  • Sustainable feedstock production

systems

  • Feedstock logistics
  • System performance
  • Feedstock conversion/refining
  • Markets and distribution
  • Health and safety
  • Education
  • Outreach & extension
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Summary

Biomass is the resource to fuel the future Grasses produced on Pakistani marginal lands

  • ffer low-cost biomass for

bioenergy Evaluating its bioenergy potential will lead to establish to pyrolysis plants We need to launch nationwide projects for the sustainable production of biomass

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My research team at GCUF

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Our focus

Biomass to bioenergy conversion Algal biomass production using city wastewater as low-cost growth media Stress manipulation to enhance the algal metabolite content Identification of stress- responsive molecular mechanisms in microalgae using OMICs

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Thanks for your patience Thanks to PAE, and Thanks to HEC, IF IFS, COMSTECH-TWAS, NSFC