Using Landmarks to Support Talk Structure Older People in - - PDF document

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Using Landmarks to Support Older People in Navigation

Joy Goodman Phil Gray Stephen Brewster Kartik Khammampad University of Glasgow

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• Older people and navigation
• Landmarks
• Design of a navigation aid
• Evaluation
• Results
• Conclusions

Talk Structure

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Older People

2.5 m 1912 2025

0-19 20-39 40-59 60+

Increasing numbers of older people In fact: those over 60 in the UK already

• utnumber

those under 16

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Older People

• Large potential market
• Large amounts of disposable income
• Opportunities for using technology to

support older people

• Challenges for making technology usable
• interesting research questions

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Navigation

• an important mobile

activity

• key for maintaining

independence and quality of life

• often more difficult

for older people

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• A key part of navigation
• Not often used in

current navigation aids

Landmarks

Requirements gathering found: Participants appreciated information about landmarks, esp. visual information

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Our Aim

To develop:

• A pedestrian navigation aid
• Basing navigation assistance around

information about landmarks

• Easy to use by older people

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Design

• Uses a series of landmarks
• Information is given through

photographs, text and speech

• Handheld computer

(Compaq iPAQ) Prototype

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Design

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Design

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Design

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Design

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Design

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Considering Older Users In Design

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Field experiment

• observe actual behaviour
• in a real-world setting
• obtain some quantitative data

Evaluation

Within subjects 2 conditions - device and a paper map 2 routes – both on the university campus

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Participants

To determine age differences in navigation:

• 16 older participants (aged 63-77)
• 16 younger participants (aged 19-34)

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Results

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Results – time taken

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Younger Older Age Group Mean Time Taken (Minutes) Map Device

Significant effect of:

• age
• method

Significant interaction effect:

• Only older people benefit significantly

from the device

• With the device, older and younger perform

comparably

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Results

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Mental Demand Physical Demand Temporal Demand Effort Performance Frustration Level Subjective Rating

Map Device

Subjective workload - TLX

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Results

5 10 15 20 Strongly Prefer Map Prefer Map Indifferent Prefer Device Strongly Prefer Device Which method did you find more useful? Number of responses

Preference

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Results

Difficulties (challenges for further work):

• more accustomed to maps
• interface details
• maps give a better overall

picture of the route and area

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• Landmarks can be used effectively

within pedestrian navigation aids

• Older people can use such a device

without difficulty

• Older people derive substantially

more benefit from it than younger people

Conclusions