Using Context and Subtext to Understand the Pullman Rail Strike of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Using Context and Subtext to Understand the Pullman Rail Strike of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Using Context and Subtext to Understand the Pullman Rail Strike of 1894 Bruce A. Lesh Franklin High School Reisterstown, Maryland Learning to Think Historically: A Tool for Attacking Historical Sources Text: What is visible/readable--what


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Using Context and Subtext to Understand the Pullman Rail Strike of 1894

Bruce A. Lesh Franklin High School Reisterstown, Maryland

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Text: What is visible/readable--what information is provided by the source? Context: What was going on during the time period? What background information do you have that helps explain the information found in the source? Subtext: What is between the lines? Must ask questions about:

Author: Who created the source and what do we know about that person? Audience: For whom was the source created? Reason: Why was this source produced at the time it was produced?

Learning to Think Historically: A Tool for Attacking Historical Sources

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I do solemnly swear that my testimony will be based on the perspective of my source, nothing but the perspective of my source, even if it has an overt point-

  • f-view, so help my first

quarter grade.

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Directions for Congressional Hearing

  • Each ¡team ¡will ¡testify ¡in ¡front ¡of ¡Congress ¡
  • All ¡team ¡members ¡will ¡be ¡asked ¡questions ¡
  • Testimony ¡must ¡be ¡based ¡on ¡information ¡found ¡in ¡

your ¡source ¡

  • Members ¡of ¡Congress ¡(everyone ¡in ¡the ¡audience) ¡

must ¡take ¡notes ¡on ¡the ¡testimony ¡

  • Hearing ¡must ¡determine: ¡

– Who ¡was ¡at ¡fault ¡and ¡why? ¡ – Were ¡the ¡president’s ¡actions ¡constitutionally ¡ justiEied? ¡ ¡ – Was ¡Eugene ¡Debs ¡justly ¡accused? ¡ ¡ – What ¡lessons ¡about ¡the ¡relationship ¡between ¡ labor ¡and ¡management ¡can ¡be ¡learned ¡from ¡the ¡ Pullman ¡situation? ¡ ¡

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George ¡Pullman

Pullman Railcars (Sleepers)

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Interior ¡of ¡Pullman ¡Sleeper ¡Cars

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Pullman, ¡Illinois

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Main ¡Street ¡Pullman, ¡Illinois ¡

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Center ¡Square, ¡Pullman ¡

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HPC1_81

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Workers ¡Homes—Pullman

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Pullman ¡Axel ¡Workers ¡

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Depression ¡of ¡1893

  • 18% ¡unemployment ¡
  • 25% ¡of ¡urban ¡workers ¡
  • 1/3rd ¡of ¡manufacturing ¡jobs ¡
  • 1/10 ¡banks ¡close ¡
  • 25% ¡of ¡railroads ¡shut ¡down ¡ ¡
  • 50% ¡drop ¡in ¡railroad ¡construction ¡
  • Pullman ¡cuts ¡wages ¡for ¡his ¡workers ¡by ¡

25% ¡ ¡

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Eugene ¡ ¡V. ¡Debs ¡American ¡Railway ¡Union

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Wildcat ¡Strike! ¡

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Federal Injunction

United States Attorney General Richard Olney

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President ¡Grover ¡Cleveland ¡ (D) ¡

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Federal ¡Troops ¡Fire ¡on ¡Pullman ¡Strikes, ¡ ¡ Harper’s ¡Weekly ¡ ¡

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Directions for Congressional Hearing

  • Each team will testify in front of Congress
  • All team members will be asked questions
  • Testimony must be based on information

found in your source

  • Members of Congress (everyone in the

audience) must take notes on the testimony

  • Hearing must determine:

– Who was at fault and why? – Were the president’s actions constitutionally justified? – Was Eugene Debs justly accused? – What lessons about the relationship between labor and management can be learned from the Pullman situation?

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Labor, Management, and the Federal Government: The Pullman Strike

After the 12,000 troops and 4,000 strike breakers left Chicago, George Pullman required returning workers to sign yellow-dog contracts, Eugene Debs was arrested, and President Cleveland dedicated the first Monday in September as Labor Day. As the President’s key speech writer, you have been asked to prepare a short 2-3 minute speech announcing the new holiday. As you craft your speech, be sure to address:

  • The causes of the strike
  • The role played by George Pullman, Eugene Debs, and President Cleveland
  • Responsibility for the problems at Pullman
  • The reasons President Cleveland provided to justify his actions
  • The outcome of the strike

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