Urban Water Security Research Alliance Removal of organic matter and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Urban Water Security Research Alliance Removal of organic matter and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Urban Water Security Research Alliance Removal of organic matter and micro- pollutants using the ozone/BAC process for recycled water production Dr Julien Reungoat M.J. Farr, M. Rattier, F.X. Argaud, W. Gernjak, J. Keller - AWMC B.I. Escher,

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SLIDE 1

Removal of organic matter and micro- pollutants using the ozone/BAC process for recycled water production Dr Julien Reungoat

M.J. Farré, M. Rattier, F.X. Argaud, W. Gernjak, J. Keller - AWMC B.I. Escher, M. Macova - Entox

Enhanced Treatment Project

Science Forum, 19-20 June 2012

Urban Water Security Research Alliance

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SLIDE 2

Effluent organic matter in secondary effluent

Nutrient Removal WWTP Effluent

  • rganic matter

Effluent

  • rganic matter

Micropollutants DBPs precursors AOC Taste Odour Colour NOM

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SLIDE 3

Effluent organic matter in secondary effluent

Nutrient Removal WWTP Non-potable reuse Indirect potable reuse Irrigation Membrane filtration Oxidation Adsorption Riverbank filtration Aquifer recharge Effluent

  • rganic matter

Effluent

  • rganic matter

Micropollutants DBPs precursors AOC Taste Odour Colour NOM

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SLIDE 4

Ozone/BAC

O3

Effluent

  • rganic

matter

O3 BAC

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SLIDE 5

The plants studied

Dissolved air flotation and sand filtration Pre-ozonation (~0.10 mgO3 /mgDOC ) Ozonation (0.6-0.8 mgO3 /mgDOC ) BAC (18 min) Ozone disinfection (~0.30 mgO3 /mgDOC ) BNR WWTP 40,000 EP - 8,000 m3/day

Plant A

Rapid sand filtration Ozonation (0.2-0.3 mgO3 /mgDOC ) BAC (9 min) UV disinfection BNR WWTP 10,000 EP - 2,000 m3/day Rapid sand filtration Ozonation (0.4-0.5 mgO3 /mgDOC ) BAC (45 min) MF membranes (0.2 µm) BNR WWTP 11,000 EP - 900m3/day UV disinfection

Plant B Plant C

Commissioned in 1999 Replaced in March 2008 ≈ 50,000 bed volumes Commissioned in 2003 ≈ 300,000 bed volumes Commissioned in 2002 Half replaced in 2009 ½ ≈ 95,000 bed volumes ½ ≈ 13,000 bed volumes

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SLIDE 6

Water quality before ozonation

Plant A Plant B Plant C T (°C) 22.0 22.6 ‐ 28.5 ‐ pH 6.6 ‐ 6.7 6.7 ‐ 7.1 6.7‐ 6.9 Conductivity (µS) 879 ‐ 910 392 ‐ 507 519 ‐563 DOC (mg L‐1) 6.5 ‐ 8.1 5.8 ‐ 6.6 4.2 ‐ 5.8 PO4

3‐‐P (mg L‐1)

≤ 0.02 0.22 ‐ 2.00 < 0.02 NH4 ‐N (mg L‐1) < 0.03 0.22 ‐ 0.45 0.18 ‐ 1.36 NO2 ‐N (mg L‐1) < 0.02 0.03 ‐ 0.06 <0.02 ‐ 0.04 NO3 ‐N (mg L‐1) < 0.02 ‐ 0.95 0.18 ‐ 0.47 0.39 ‐ 1.14

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SLIDE 7

Removal of DOC

Plant A Plant B Plant C T (°C) 22.0 22.6 ‐ 28.5 ‐ pH 6.6 ‐ 6.7 6.7 ‐ 7.1 6.7‐ 6.9 Conductivity (µS) 879 ‐ 910 392 ‐ 507 519 ‐563 DOC (mg L‐1) 6.5 ‐ 8.1 5.8 ‐ 6.6 4.2 ‐ 5.8 PO4

3‐‐P (mg L‐1)

≤ 0.02 0.22 ‐ 2.00 < 0.02 NH4 ‐N (mg L‐1) < 0.03 0.22 ‐ 0.45 0.18 ‐ 1.36 NO2 ‐N (mg L‐1) < 0.02 0.03 ‐ 0.06 <0.02 ‐ 0.04 NO3 ‐N (mg L‐1) < 0.02 ‐ 0.95 0.18 ‐ 0.47 0.39 ‐ 1.14

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SLIDE 8

Micropollutants

41 targeted compounds:

  • Mainly PPCPs and a few pesticides.
  • Wide range of physico-chemical properties.
  • Some known to be easily removed in WWTP, others not.
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SLIDE 9

Micropollutants

Plant A Plant B Plant C Quantified 35 38 36 < LOQ 3 1 5 Not quantifiable 3 2

Concentrations ranged from a few ng/L to more than 1 µg/L. For a given compound, the concentration remained in the same

  • rder of magnitude regardless of sampling date and plant sampled.

41 targeted compounds:

  • Mainly PPCPs and a few pesticides.
  • Wide range of physico-chemical properties.
  • Some known to be easily removed in WWTP, others not.
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SLIDE 10

Removal of micropollutants: ozonation

O3 reactive compounds Low reactivity compounds

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SLIDE 11

Removal of micropollutants: BAC

>80% >80% 20 - 80% 20 - 80% <20% <20%

Onesios et al., 2009 in Biodegradation, 20(4), 441-466

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Removal (%) 20 40 60 80 100 Plant A Plant C Plant B

Removal of micropollutants: O3 +BAC

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SLIDE 13

Bioanalytical tools

Microtox:

  • non-specific toxicity
  • takes into account all micropollutants, by-products,…
  • expressed as baseline-TEQ (mg/L)

E-screen:

  • estrogenicity
  • expressed as estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQ)
  • limit of quantification = 0.01 ng/L

Plant A Plant B Plant C Baseline-TEQ (mg/L) 1.83 - 2.72 1.50 - 2.01 1.10 - 1.84 EEQ (ng/L) 0.98 - 1.73 1.13 - 1.44 0.57 - 1.53

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SLIDE 14

Toxicity removal

  • Effect of ozonation similar in the three plants
  • Effectiveness of BAC increased from 9 to 18 minutes EBCT

but not further

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SLIDE 15

Toxicity removal

  • Ozonation very effective (estrogenic moieties are very

reactive with molecular ozone)

  • Effectiveness of BAC difficult to assess due to low levels
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SLIDE 16

Disinfection by-products precursors

Formation potential (µg/L)

Chloroform 224±21 Bromodichloromethane 53±6 Dibromochloromethane 11±2 Bromoform < 1 Total THMs 289±26 Monochloroacetic acid < 10 Dichloroacetic acid 154±32 Trichloroacetic acid 143±17 Bromochloroacetic acid 30±6 Monobromoacetic acetic < 5 Dibromoacetic acid < 5 Total HAAs 327±53 NDMA (ng/L) 327±22 THMs HAAs

THMs HAAs NDMA

FP reduction (%)

20 40 60 80 O3

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SLIDE 17

Disinfection by-products precursors

Formation potential (µg/L)

Chloroform 224±21 Bromodichloromethane 53±6 Dibromochloromethane 11±2 Bromoform < 1 Total THMs 289±26 Monochloroacetic acid < 10 Dichloroacetic acid 154±32 Trichloroacetic acid 143±17 Bromochloroacetic acid 30±6 Monobromoacetic acetic < 5 Dibromoacetic acid < 5 Total HAAs 327±53 NDMA 327±22 THMs HAAs

THMs HAAs NDMA

FP reduction (%)

20 40 60 80 O3+BAC O3

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SLIDE 18

Take home messages

  • Ozonation:
  • removal of OMPs depends on compound and ozone dose
  • reduction of non-specific toxicity
  • > 90% reduction of estrogenicity
  • removal of NDMA precursors
  • Biological activated carbon:
  • removes OMPs
  • reduces non-specific toxicity / removes O3 by-products
  • removal of THMs and HAAs precursors
  • Combination:
  • > 90% removal of OMPs
  • up to 70% reduction of non-specific toxicity
  • > 90% reduction of estrogenicty (<0.01 ng/L EEQ)
  • removal of DBPs precursors
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SLIDE 19

Acknowledgements

Wolfgang Gernjak François Xavier Argaud Maria Jose Farré Maxime Rattier Jurg Keller Jelena Radjenovic Beatrice Keller Beate Escher Miroslava Macova Yvan Poussade

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SLIDE 20

Urban Water Security Research Alliance THANK YOU www.urbanwateralliance.org.au