Understanding the Basics of Plastic Materials and the IAPD - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Understanding the Basics of Plastic Materials and the IAPD - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 21, 2023 248 likes •460 views

Understanding the Basics of Plastic Materials and the IAPD Thermoplastics Rectangle Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 2) IAPD THERMOPLASTICS RECTANGLE IMIDE MATERIALS Key Characteristics: Materials: Very High Cost Per Pound

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Understanding the Basics of Plastic Materials and the IAPD Thermoplastics Rectangle

Prepared by the IAPD Education Committee (Module 2)

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SLIDE 2

IMIDE MATERIALS

Key Characteristics: Very High Cost Per Pound Excellent Properties Above 400°F Excellent Electrical Properties Excellent Dimensional Stability Low Coefficient of Friction Materials: PI PAI PBI

IAPD THERMOPLASTICS RECTANGLE

AMORPHOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTICS

Key Characteristics High Cost High Temperature High Strength & Good Stiffness Good Chemical Resistance Transparency Hot W ater & Steam Resistance Materials: Polysulfone Polyetherimide Polyethersulfone Polyarylsulfone

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE HIGH PERFORMACE PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: High Cost High Temperature High Strength Good Electrical Properties Outstanding Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Good Toughness Materials: PVDF PTFE ECTFE FEP PFA PPS PEEK

AMORPHOUS ENGINEERING PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Impact Resistance Translucency Good Dimensional Stability Good Optical Qualities Materials: Polycarbonate Modified PPO Modified PPE Thermoplastic Urethane

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE ENGINEERING PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Chemical Resistance Good Bearing and W ear Properties Low Coefficient of Friction Difficult to Bond Materials: Nylon Acetal PET PBT UHMW -PE

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE COMMODITY PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance Low Strength Excellent Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Near Zero Moisture Absorption Very Good Electrical Properties Good Toughness Materials: Polyethylene Polypropylene Polymetnylpentene(TPX)

AMORPHOUS COMMODITY PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance] Low Strength Good Dimensional Stability Bond Well Typically Transparent Materials: Acrylic Polystyrene ABS PVC PETG CAB

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS AMORPHOUS PLASTICS

AMORPHOUS PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Soften Over a Broad Range Of Temperatures Easy to Thermoform Tend to Be Transparent Bond W ell Using Adhesives and Solvents Prone To Stress Cracking Poor Fatigue Resistance Stuctural Applications Only (Not for Bearing & W ear) SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Sharp Melting Point Difficult to Thermoform Tend to Be Opaque Difficult To Bond Using Adhesives and Solvents Good Resistance To Stress Cracking Good Fatigue Resistance Good For Bearing and W ear, As W ell As Structural Applications

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Definitions

  • Thermoplastic
  • Thermoset
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Types of Thermoplastics

  • Imidized materials
  • Amorphous plastics

– High performance – Engineering – Commodity

  • Semi-crystalline plastics

– High performance – Engineering – Commodity

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Amorphous vs. Crystalline Thermoplastics

  • Amorphous (a-morphous = without shape) - The polymer chains

are in random arrangement. Molecular structure is incapable of forming regular order (crystallizing) with molecules or portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion. Molecular arrangement is randomly twisted, kinked and coiled.

  • Crystalline - The polymer chains form a regular pattern.

Molecular structure forms regular order (crystals) with molecules

  • r portions of molecules regularly stacked in crystal-like fashion.

Molecular arrangement is arranged in an ordered fashion.

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Amorphous Commodity Thermoplastics

Key Characteristics

  • Low cost, temperature resistance and strength
  • Good dimensional stability
  • Bonds well
  • Typically, but not always, transparent
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SLIDE 7

Amorphous Commodity Thermoplastics

Materials

  • Acrylic (PMMA)
  • Polystyrene (PS)
  • Acrylonitrile - Butadiene - Styrene (ABS)
  • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
  • Polyethylene Terepthalate Glycol (PETG)
  • Cellulose Acetate Butyrate (CAB)
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SLIDE 8

Amorphous Engineering Thermoplastics

Key Characteristics

  • Moderate cost
  • Moderate temperature resistance
  • Moderate strength
  • Good to excellent impact resistance
  • Good dimensional stability

Not true in all cases:

  • Translucency
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SLIDE 9

Amorphous Engineering Thermoplastics

Materials

  • Polycarbonate (PC)
  • Polyphenylene Oxide (Modified PPO)
  • Polyphenylene Ether (Modified PPE)
  • Thermoplastic Urethane (TPU)
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SLIDE 10

Amorphous High Performance Thermoplastics

Key Characteristics

  • High cost
  • High temperature
  • High strength and good stiffness
  • Good chemical resistance
  • Transparency
  • Hot water and steam resistance
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SLIDE 11

Amorphous High Performance Thermoplastics

Materials

  • Polysulfone (PS)
  • Polyetherimide (PEI)
  • Polyethersulfone (PES)
  • Polyarylsulfone (PAS)
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Semi-Crystalline Commodity Thermoplastics

Key Characteristics

  • Low cost, temperature resistance and strength
  • Excellent chemical resistance
  • Low COF
  • Near zero moisture absorption
  • Very good electrical properties
  • Good toughness
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Semi-Crystalline Commodity Thermoplastics

Materials

  • Polyethylene (PE)

– High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) – Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

  • Polypropylene (PP)
  • Polymethylpentene (PMP)
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SLIDE 14

Semi-Crystalline Engineering Thermoplastics

Key Characteristics

  • Moderate cost, temperature resistance and strength
  • Good chemical resistance
  • Good bearing and wear properties
  • Low COF
  • Difficult to bond
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SLIDE 15

Semi-Crystalline Engineering Thermoplastics

Materials

  • Nylon (PA)
  • Acetal (POM)
  • Polyethylene Terepthalate (PET)
  • Polybutylene Terepthalate (PBT)
  • Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE)
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SLIDE 16

Semi-Crystalline High Performance Thermoplastics

Key Characteristics

  • Temperature resistance
  • Good electrical properties and toughness
  • Outstanding chemical resistance
  • Low coefficient of friction (COF)
  • High cost
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SLIDE 17

Semi-Crystalline High Performance Thermoplastics

Materials

  • Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
  • Polytetra Fluoroethylene (PTFE)
  • Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene (ECTFE)
  • Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP)
  • Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
  • Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)
  • Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)
  • Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)
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SLIDE 18

Imidized Materials

Key Characteristics

  • Very high cost per pound
  • Excellent properties above 204°C/400°F
  • Excellent electrical properties
  • Excellent dimensional stability
  • Low coefficient of friction (COF)
  • Very low thermal expansion
  • Good wear characteristics
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SLIDE 19

Imidized Materials

Materials

  • Polyimide (PI)
  • Polyamide-imide (PAI)
  • Polybenzimidazole (PBI)
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SLIDE 20

IMIDE MATERIALS

Key Characteristics: Very High Cost Per Pound Excellent Properties Above 400°F Excellent Electrical Properties Excellent Dimensional Stability Low Coefficient of Friction Materials: PI PAI PBI

IAPD THERMOPLASTICS RECTANGLE

AMORPHOUS HIGH PERFORMANCE PLASTICS

Key Characteristics High Cost High Temperature High Strength & Good Stiffness Good Chemical Resistance Transparency Hot W ater & Steam Resistance Materials: Polysulfone Polyetherimide Polyethersulfone Polyarylsulfone

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE HIGH PERFORMACE PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: High Cost High Temperature High Strength Good Electrical Properties Outstanding Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Good Toughness Materials: PVDF PTFE ECTFE FEP PFA PPS PEEK

AMORPHOUS ENGINEERING PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Impact Resistance Translucency Good Dimensional Stability Good Optical Qualities Materials: Polycarbonate Modified PPO Modified PPE Thermoplastic Urethane

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE ENGINEERING PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Moderate Cost Moderate Temperature Resistance Moderate Strength Good Chemical Resistance Good Bearing and W ear Properties Low Coefficient of Friction Difficult to Bond Materials: Nylon Acetal PET PBT UHMW -PE

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE COMMODITY PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance Low Strength Excellent Chemical Resistance Low Coefficient of Friction Near Zero Moisture Absorption Very Good Electrical Properties Good Toughness Materials: Polyethylene Polypropylene Polymetnylpentene(TPX)

AMORPHOUS COMMODITY PLASTICS

Key Characteristics: Low Cost Low Temperature Resistance] Low Strength Good Dimensional Stability Bond Well Typically Transparent Materials: Acrylic Polystyrene ABS PVC PETG CAB

SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS AMORPHOUS PLASTICS

AMORPHOUS PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Soften Over a Broad Range Of Temperatures Easy to Thermoform Tend to Be Transparent Bond W ell Using Adhesives and Solvents Prone To Stress Cracking Poor Fatigue Resistance Stuctural Applications Only (Not for Bearing & W ear) SEMI-CRYSTALLINE PLASTICS KEY CHARACTERISTICS: Sharp Melting Point Difficult to Thermoform Tend to Be Opaque Difficult To Bond Using Adhesives and Solvents Good Resistance To Stress Cracking Good Fatigue Resistance Good For Bearing and W ear, As W ell As Structural Applications