16/05/2019 Towards a culture of Research Integrity & Ethics @ KU Leuven May 15, 2019 Research Coordination Office KU Leuven Research Integrity & Ethics @ KU Leuven 1
16/05/2019 Research Integrity Research Integrity as a Policy Research integrity has become an integral part of the institutional research policy. “Among the many challenges, interdisciplinarity, internationalization, impact, and integrity – the 4I’s – are high on my agenda . ” Prof Reine Meylaerts Vice-President for Research 2
16/05/2019 Bonn PRINTEGER Consensus Statement Working with Research Integrity - Guidance for research performing organisations Providing information about research integrity 1. Providing education, training and mentoring 2. Strengthening a research integrity culture 3. Facilitating open dialogue 4. Wise incentive management 5. Implementing quality assurance procedures 6. Improving the work environment and work satisfaction 7. Increasing transparency of misconduct cases 8. Opening up research 9. Implementing safe and effective whistle-blowing channels 10. Protecting the alleged perpetrators 11. Establishing a research integrity committee and appointing an ombudsperson 12. Making explicit the applicable standards for research integrity 13. Forsberg, Sci Eng Ethics, 2018 Good Practices 3
16/05/2019 Integrity management instruments European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (ALLEA, revised 2017) 1. Principles: reliability, honesty, respect, accountability 2. Good Research Practices: in Research Environment; Training, Supervision and Mentoring; Research Procedures; Safeguards; Data Practices and Management; Collaborative Working; Publication and Dissemination; Reviewing, Evaluating and Editing 3. Violations of Research Integrity http://www.allea.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ALLEA-European-Code-of-Conduct-for-Research-Integrity-2017.pdf Institutional policy • Communicate clearly policies and standards for researchers: good practices • Provide education and support to researchers to promote responsible conduct of research (RCR): integrity as a culture • Develop transparent procedures for receiving and investigating research misconduct: reporting desk and Commission on Research Integrity Central website: https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research/integrity 4
16/05/2019 Central website Good Practices 5
16/05/2019 Good Practices KU Leuven checklist for researchers https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research/integrity/Checklist 6
16/05/2019 Good Practices Publication and Authorship 7
16/05/2019 KU Leuven Authorship Policy https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research/integrity/practices/authorship Authorship 1. Authorship should be restricted to individuals who: 1) made a substantial intellectual contribution to: conception and design; AND/OR collection of data; AND/OR analysis and interpretation of data; 2) substantially contribute to the drafting of the manuscript and/or substantially critically revise its content 3) approve the final version of the manuscript to be published. 4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work (i.e. confidence in integrity of contributions of co-authors) Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, 3 and 4. [+ all those who meet criterion 1 should have the opportunity to meet 2 and 3] 8
16/05/2019 Authorship 2. All individuals who are affected by authorship should be involved in the communication, discussion and decision- making on authorship in order to ensure that they reach agreement together, have clear expectations about and can robustly defend their own individual authorship positions and the authorship position of others (individuals who join the project at a later stage, who are affected by authorship, should be involved). All authors should confirm the list of co-authors in a written understanding (written records, e-mails of decisions on authorship can help avoid potential misunderstandings). Authorship 3. No person who fulfils the authorship criteria may be excluded as an author . 4. Changes in authorship have to be communicated in a timely manner and each alteration in the author list should be approved by all authors . 5. The work of all contributors and collaborators who do not meet the criteria for authorship should be properly acknowledged in publications. 6. Where a research project would not have been possible without, and builds upon, the efforts of other researchers’ previously published research, that previous research should be properly cited . 9
16/05/2019 Authorship is based on what you actually do, not on who you are! CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) Role Definition Ideas; formulation or evolution of overarching research goals and aims. 1 Conceptualization Management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data and maintain research data (including software code, where 2 Data curation it is necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use. 3 Formal analysis Application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal techniques to analyse or synthesize study data. Funding Acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication . 4 acquisition Conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection . 5 Investigation 6 Methodology Development or design of methodology; creation of models . Project 7 Management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution . administration Provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resourc es, 8 Resources or other analysis tools. Programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting 9 Software algorithms; testing of existing code components. Oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity planning and execution, including mentorship external to t he 10 Supervision core team. Verification, whether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproducibility of results/experimen ts and other 11 Validation research outputs. 12 Visualization Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation. Writing – original Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substanti ve 13 draft translation). Writing – review & Preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically crit ical 14 review, commentary or revision – including pre- or post-publication stages. editing https://www.casrai.org/credit.html 10
16/05/2019 Good Practices KU Leuven guidelines on image processing https://www.kuleuven.be/english/research/integrity/practices/image-processing 11
16/05/2019 KU Leuven guidelines on image processing 1. No specific feature within an image may be enhanced, obscured, moved, removed, or introduced. 2. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if they are applied to the whole image and as long as they do not obscure, eliminate, or misrepresent any information present in the original. Color bars should be used as much as possible, indicating thresholding and range. 3. The grouping of images from different parts of the same gel, or from different gels, fields, or exposures must be made explicit by the arrangement of the figure (e.g., dividing lines) and in the text of the figure legend. 4. Nonlinear adjustments must be disclosed in the figure legend or clearly represented in a quantitative color bar alongside the figure. 5. Always have the original, unaltered file available in case the journal requests it. If you cannot produce the original file, the journal will likely reject your submission. You should also be able to explain exactly what alterations were made to the image (i.e., the software and particular tools used). 6. If you supervise any other researchers who have the ability to alter images or figures before submission, make sure they are aware of which types of image manipulation are acceptable and which are not . Duplication within the same paper Nature News April 22, 2016 12
16/05/2019 Detection of duplication by comparing a figure across a database of figures KU Leuven guidelines on image processing 13
16/05/2019 RCR training and education @KU Leuven • At bachelor – master level: o courses on methodology – statistics - plagiarism • At PhD level o Year 1: 3 hour lecture RI (compulsary – 900 drs/year) • generic content • university wide teaching team o Year 3: seminar/workshops (cases) of 1,5h (DS BMS) • smaller groups/ more discipline oriented and interactive • organised by Doctoral Schools o Mentorship by the PhD-mentor RCR training and education @KU Leuven o Mentorship by the PhD-mentor: The policy document “ the profile of the good promotor ” provides a set of expectations for senior researchers in their role as PhD-mentor: The supervisor creates a research environment in which correct scientific behaviour (e.g. good data management, responsible authorship, …) is the norm . It is important that RCR is also taught in the context of everyday practice of science! o Attention paid to aspects of research integrity at information session for all new supervisors of a PhD • For all KU Leuven researchers: online tool LIRIcs 14
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