Title Ron Abileah abileah@j O m egaK.com ASPRS 2 0 0 6 Annual - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

MAPPI NG SHALLOW W ATER DEPTH FROM SATELLI TE Title Ron Abileah abileah@j O m egaK.com ASPRS 2 0 0 6 Annual Conference Ron Abileah Reno, Nevada May 5 , 2 0 0 6 May 1 -5 , 2 0 0 6

Ron Abileah May 5 , 2 0 0 6 Shoaling waves display four depth- related physical changes } Steepening � breaking 1. Remote sensing bathymetry 2 . Wavenumber transformation using ocean waves kinematics (WK) 3. Refraction 4. Change in phase velocity

W ave spectrum phase “Tile” Fourier Transform (FT) − Ω = j ( )) k t ( , ) ( , ) S k k S k k e t x y 0 x y ' ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ Ω = + • ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ( ) ( tanh( ) , , j k j g k k d U U k k ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ x y x y Depth Ocean surface current 3

W K ( Phase Velocity) Depth Estim ation Wavenumber − Ω = j ( )) k t ( , ) ( , ) S k k S k k e spectrum at t x y 0 x y time t ' ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ Ω = + • ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ( ) ( tanh( ) , , j k j g k k d U U k k ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦ x y x y Depth Ocean surface current S t 1 Tile from FT image 1 at t 1 S Solve for U and d t 2 Image 2 at t 2 FT (minimum 2 images) … S tn Image n at t n FT 4

2 0 Year History Gotwols and Irani, “Optical Large array determination of the phase CCD velocity of short gravity cameras waves,” JHU/ APL, 1980 Caruthers et al., Abileah Faber, Arete Dugan, Arete NORDA Satellite IR video AROSS video Aerial photos imagery 8 5 9 0 9 5 0 0 0 5 Van Halsema et al. Senet et al. TNO, Netherlands GKSS, Germany Marine radar Marine radar Young, Rosenthal, Ziemer, “A three dimensional analysis of marine radar… ,” 1985 5

Caruthers et al. 1100 250 1000 1000 200 900 900 200 800 800 150 700 700 150 600 600 100 500 500 100 400 400 50 300 50 300 200 200 0 0 200 400 600 800 200 400 600 800 6

2 0 Year History Gotwols and Irani, “Optical Large array determination of the phase CCD velocity of short gravity cameras waves,” JHU/ APL, 1980 Caruthers et al., Abileah Faber, Arete Dugan, Arete NORDA Satellite IR video AROSS video Aerial photos imagery 8 5 9 0 9 5 0 0 0 5 Van Halsema et al. Senet et al. TNO, Netherlands GKSS, Germany Marine radar Marine radar Young, Rosenthal, Ziemer, “A three dimensional analysis of marine radar… ,” 1985 7

8 Dugan

2 0 Year History Gotwols and Irani, “Optical Large array determination of the phase CCD velocity of short gravity cameras waves,” JHU/ APL, 1980 Satellite imagery Caruthers et al., Theory & Faber, Arete Dugan, Arete NORDA simulation IR video AROSS video Test Aerial photos 8 5 9 0 9 5 0 0 0 5 Van Halsema et al. Senet et al. TNO, Netherlands GKSS, Germany Marine radar Marine radar Young, Rosenthal, Ziemer, “A three dimensional analysis of marine radar… ,” 1985 9

10 Satellite im age collection 5 - 15 s 5 - 15 s P1 5 - 15 s P2 P3 etc AOI Sun

11 Image IDs I KONOS San Diego Set Footprints

12 SpaceImaging CARTERRA I KONOS San Diego I m ages 11 8 7 4 3 1

13 San Diego I nlet

14 ship survey Multi-beam San Diego I nlet

15 Fugro m ultibeam ship survey W K w ith 2 im ages 1 2 8 m tiles, 2 im ages W K depths

16 2 vs 4 im ages

17 Com parison to USGS Chart

Com parison of Satellite-Based Methods Method Type of Depth Horizontal Est. cost Turbid satellite accuracy resolution w aters $ / km -2 W K Hi Res Pan or 5 - 1 0 % 5 0 - 2 0 0 m 5 0 Yes Multispectral Photo- Hi Resolution 5 % but 1 0 -3 0 m 5 0 No bathym etry Multispectral biased Currents SAR 5 % 5 m 1 0 Yes interaction W ave SAR 3 0 % 1 km < 1 0 Yes refraction 18

Gaps in W K Solutions Wind waves damped by kelp forest No waves (outside figure) Waves blocked by jetty Too deep For 128 m tiles 19

Sum m ary � W K bathym etry resolution – depth accuracy Resolution Depth @ 1 0 m accuracy 250 m 4 % 125 m 6 % 50 m 10 % • resolution proportional to depth • accuracy also depends on num ber of im ages � Special considerations requires w ind w aves • no solution w here w aves are blocked or dam ped out • • currents, turbidity are not issues 20

21 Extra Slides and Backups

22 Current

23 W K com pared w ith m ultibeam

24 Reconnaissance Aircraft Photos - Movie

25 Depth ( m ) 2 0 1 0 ∞ 5 2 w avelength and depth Phase Velocity Phase velocity vs

26 W avelength-Depth-Speed Relationship 2 0 m 5 m 2 m 1 0 m ∞

27 San Diego Area Depth Contours in m, 10 m increments to 200m

28 Multispectral im ages for photobathym etry