The truth about cars: real-world testing and labelling for a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The truth about cars: real-world testing and labelling for a - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Aug 13, 2022 12 likes •194 views

The truth about cars: real-world testing and labelling for a greener future Nick Molden 22 November 2018 Emissions Analytics credentials International testing and ratings organisation Founded in 2011 Privately owned

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The truth about cars: real-world testing and labelling for a greener future

Nick Molden 22 November 2018

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  • International testing and ratings organisation
  • Founded in 2011
  • Privately owned
  • Headquartered in the UK
  • Operations in UK, Germany, USA and South Korea
  • Focused on on-road testing and data analysis
  • Largest commercially available database of real-world emissions data
  • Works with OEMs, Tier 1/2 suppliers, fuel and chemical companies, regulators,

consultancies, consumer media

Emissions Analytics’ credentials

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  • Over 2000 passenger cars tested
  • ~50 light commercial vehicles tested
  • Heavy-duty commercial vehicles

tested

  • Agricultural equipment tested in

service

  • Newly-launched programme testing

non-road mobile machinery, including generators, construction equipment

  • Waterborne vessel testing

commenced

Key activities

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  • Consumers found that official figures and their own average real-world fuel economy

differed greatly

  • Ambient monitoring showed persistent air quality problems, despite successive more

stringent Euro stages

  • Little independent data was available to consumers or cities
  • The issues were not being officially acknowledged
  • The gap between regulated and on-road emissions suggested that unsuitable vehicles were

being sold, leading to disappointed customers and environmental problems

Original motivation for EA

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Growing fuel consumption gap

  • Tests back to Euro 3

diesels

  • No improvement in real-

world diesel Mpg

  • No reduction in CO2
  • Diesel 25% more

efficient than gasoline, despite direct injection penetration

  • NEDC labelling system

lost credibility from Euro 5 onwards

  • 35%
  • 30%
  • 25%
  • 20%
  • 15%
  • 10%
  • 5%

0% 5% 10% 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 5 Euro 6 Gap between real-world and official Fuel economy (mpg) Average of Official Combined FE Average of Adjusted Combined FE Average of Variance of Adjusted Combined to Official

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Test equipment

  • SEMTECH-DS and -LDV
  • Portable Emissions Measurement System

connects to tailpipe

  • Captures emissions for CO2, CO, NO, NO2,

total hydrocarbons

  • At 1 Hertz
  • Air temperature, pressure, humidity
  • GPS for speed and altitude
  • Engine data via CANBUS
  • Fuel economy derived via carbon balance
  • Weight addition 100kg
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  • Dirtiest Euro 6 diesels

are 6-7 times worse than cleanest Euro 5

  • And are ~3 times

worse than cleanest Euro 3/4

  • And are about twice as

dirty as the average Euro 3/4

  • 20-year-old cars

cleaner than brand new

The legacy NOx problem

0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.800 2.000 1998 2001 2004 2006 2009 2012 2014 Real-world NOx (g/km)

Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 6 Euro 5

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  • High variation in NOx

performance within Euro 6

  • Of 2017 crop, the worst are 32

times more emitting than the best

  • Cleanest diesels are lower

emitting than average gasoline

  • All of these diesels are labelled

“Euro 6”

  • And many are still on sale new

Issue with Euro 6

Cleanest in 2018, 15 Average Euro 5/6 gasoline, 41 Average RDE compliant, 48 Cleanest 10% in 2017, 32 Dirtiest 10% in 2017, 1020 Cleanest 10% in 2013, 265 Dirtiest 10% in 2013, 1777 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

NOx, g/km

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  • CO2 18% higher per km than diesels
  • PN 71% lower for diesels
  • NOx equivalent for best diesels
  • Dirtiest 10% of gasolines emit 129 mg/km
  • f NOx
  • Cleanest 10% of diesels emit 70 mg/km
  • Cleanest diesels 46% cleaner than worst

petrols ➢ Individual model selection dominates technology in outcome

How clean is gasoline?

50 100 150 200 250 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Average Euro 6 gasoline Average Euro 6 diesel Cleanest 10% of diesels CO2 (g/km) NOx (mg/km or PN (#x10^8) NOx (mg/km) PN (# x 10^8) CO2 (g/km)

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  • Vehicle rating scheme based on their real-world emissions and fuel economy
  • Non-statutory complement to new Real Driving Emissions regulations
  • Discriminates between high and low emitters, even within Euro class – not just pass/fail
  • Ratings are published and into the public domain for free at www.equaindex.com
  • Manufacturers, fleets and consumer media can adopt as independent, voluntary standard
  • Equivalent to New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP, Global NCAP)
  • Jointly established the Allow Independent Road-testing (AIR) Alliance (www.allowair.org) –

separate entity from EA and not-for-profit

  • Authoritative advisory board

EQUA Index

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Scientific Advisory Committee of AIR

Helen ApSimon Professor of Air Pollution Studies, Imperial College London

  • Dr. Adam Boies

Reader in the Energy Division of the Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge

  • Dr. Claire Holman

Chair, Institute of Air Quality Management (IAQM)

  • Dr. Guido Lanzani

Head of Air Quality Unit, Regional Environmental Agency, Lombardy, Italy

  • Dr. Xavier Querol

Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research Martin Lutz Head of Sector Air Quality Management, Berlin Senate Department for Environment, Transport and Climate Protection

  • Dr. Marc Stettler

Lecturer in Transport and the Environment in the Centre for Transport Studies, Imperial College London

  • Dr. Martin Williams

Professor of Air Quality Research, Kings College London

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EQUA Aq

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EQUA CO2

  • “A1” to “H5”
  • A to H for absolute emissions
  • 1 to 5 for proximity to official –

“honesty”

  • 39% average CO2 excess – 189 g/km
  • 16% higher emissions from petrol

compared to diesel

  • 1.5 litre engines better than most highly

down-sized

  • 2.0-3.0 litre engines most honest
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EQUA Mpg, EQUA 100

  • MPG values for almost all vehicles on

sale in last five years

  • Over 70,000 model variants
  • Remainder extrapolated using new

proprietary model of real-world MPG, based on technical characteristics of vehicles ➢ Comprehensive alternative to official system

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Mayor of London

  • Cleaner Vehicle Checker
  • Launch October 2017
  • Complement to T-Charge and

proposed ULEZ

  • New A+ rating if 60 mg/km met
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0.000 0.200 0.400 0.600 0.800 1.000 1.200 1.400 1.600 1.800 2.000 1998 2001 2004 2006 2009 2012 2014 2017 2020

Real-world NOx (g/km)

Euro 3 Euro 4 Euro 6 Euro 5

  • Restrict diesels with EQUA

Aq ‘E’ rating or worse

  • Real-world NOx needs to

be less than 250 mg/km (Euro 4 limit)

  • Affects ~50% Euro 6

diesels

  • 87% reduction in total

emissions

  • Quick and fair

EA proposal

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Policy proposal

UK Govt proposal

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Nick Molden, Chief Executive Officer nick@emissionsanalytics.com +44 (0) 20 7193 0489 +44 (0) 7765 105902

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