The Status of Meteorological Observation in the Asian Countries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Status of Meteorological Observation in the Asian Countries - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 04, 2024 353 likes •656 views

19 February 2013 The Status of Meteorological Observation in the Asian Countries Kunio AKATSU JICA Advisor , JICA H/Q (Meteorology) Self-Introduction Countries visited or stayed as ODA Projects, mainly Bhutan Pakistan Mongolia (4 times)

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SLIDE 1

Kunio AKATSU JICA Advisor , JICA H/Q (Meteorology) 19 February 2013

The Status of Meteorological Observation in the Asian Countries

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SLIDE 2

Self-Introduction

Red Colored Country : Stayed over 2 years

Mongolia (4 times) Bangladesh (3 times) Myanmar (5 times) Viet Nam (3 times) Laos (twice) Thailand (3 times) Cambodia (twice) Philippines ( 5 times) Indonesia (once) Sri Lanka(once) Dominican Republic (once)

Countries visited or stayed as ODA Projects, mainly Myanmar (over 2 years)

(over 2 years) (2 years)

Pakistan Bhutan Mozambique

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SLIDE 3

Content of the Lecture (1) Current status of Meteorological Instrument and its Maintenance (2) Unreasonable Results of Analysis by using Observation Data from the Instrument which is not well Maintained or Calibrated (3) Simple Calibration System at the Local Observatory (4) Summary of the Current Status of Meteorological Instrument (5) Points to be Taken Care in case of AWS.

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SLIDE 4

Situation of surroundings of Observation Field (1/4)

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SLIDE 5

Situation of surroundings of Observation Field (2/4)

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SLIDE 6

Situation of surroundings of Observation Field (3/4)

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SLIDE 7

Situation of surroundings of Observation Field (4/4)

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SLIDE 8

Wind pressure type

Some NMHSCs still use it

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （wind vane / anemometer) (1/2)

Wind mill type wind vane and anemometer Wind vane and Anemometer

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SLIDE 9

Robinson’s Anemometer

Observers watch the counter of run-of-wind

  • meter. This is still poplar in many NMHSCs

Conventional Wind vane

Observers have to observe Wind direction by his/her visual

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （wind vane / anemometer) (2/2)

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SLIDE 10

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （rain gauge) (1/2)

Tipping bucket type

It become to be popular

Reserve pot type

It is very popular at almost all NMHSCs

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SLIDE 11

Pluviograph type

Few countries use it for actual usage and at many NMHSCs, Recording Chart is not set up

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （rain gauge) (2/2)

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SLIDE 12

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （Thermometer / Hygrometer) (1/2)

Natural ventilation shelter type

Almost all AWS has a same type shelter

Mercury thermometer and wet- bulb in a Screen

It is used at every NMHSCs

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SLIDE 13

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （Thermometer / Hygrometer) (2/2)

Thermo-hygrograph and ventilated psychrometer

Very few NMHSCs used it, for actual usage

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SLIDE 14

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （Actinometer / Sunshine recorder) (1/2)

Thermopile type Cambell-Stokes type

It is very popular at almost all NMHSCs

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SLIDE 15

(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （Actinometer / Sunshine recorder) (2/2)

Recording Actinometer

Instrument has installed, however, almost all Recorder doesn’t work

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(1) Current Status of Meteorological Instrument （Barometer) (1/1)

Fortin type Barometer

It is installed almost all NMHSC including Local Observatories

Aneroid Barograph

Only few NMHSCs used it actually

Digital Barometer

Few NMHSCs used it as the standard Instrument

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SLIDE 17

Limitation of Observation for more accurate Wind Velocity

10 20 30 40 50 60

StationA Station B

Frequency of Wind Velocity on each Rank (%) Over half of year, wind velocity is under 0.5 m/s Station A and B is only 5km far with same condition, approximately

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （wind vane / anemometer) (1/2)

A shaft of Anemometer bends at this point

It become rusty

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SLIDE 18 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0

N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WS W W WN W NW NN W

Windrose (Annual) ( by 6 hourly Synoptic Observation Data)

16 points

  • f

Direction

10 20 30

N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 16 points

  • f

Direction

Country A Country B

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （wind vane / anemometer) (2/2)

Limitation of Observation of wind direction Limitation of Observation of wind direction

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SLIDE 19

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （Rain gauge)

It needs a more detailed maintenance This type is made with low cost, however it may includes some

  • bservation error
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SLIDE 20
  • 4.0
  • 3.0
  • 2.0
  • 1.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 27.12.2011 28.12.2011 29.12.2011 30.12.2011 31.12.2011 1.1.2012 2.1.2012 3.1.2012 4.1.2012 5.1.2012 6.1.2012 7.1.2012 8.1.2012 9.1.2012 10.1.2012 11.1.2012 12.1.2012 13.1.2012

Current-Asman AWS-Asman

17.5 days ⊿T℃ Comparison Comparison Assmann aspiration psychrometer (as Standard Instrument)

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （Thermometer)

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SLIDE 21

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （Hygrometer) (1/2)

Cotton textile has not exchanged for a long time

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SLIDE 22

20 40 60 80 100 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 Conventional

Assman

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 6:30 15:30 Conventional Assman

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （Hygrometer) (2/2)

Before exchange of Cotton textile After exchanging of Cotton textile and cleaning up the wet bulb

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SLIDE 23

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （Barometer) (1/2)

Over 30 years has passed since its installation

Its accuracy is concerned

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Distance Between 2 sensors : 40 m Height difference : Digital type is 3 m lower than Current barometer)

(2) Maintenance of Meteorological Instrument （Barometer) (2/2)

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(3) Simple Mobile Type AWS for Site Calibration

Calibrated by JMA, Battery driven, can be stored in car Trunk (Designed by AKATSU Kunio)

 Data Logger  Anemometer & wind vane  Thermometer  Hygrometer  Actinometer  Digital Barometer  Container  Assmann

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SLIDE 26

(1) On the Management of Quality Control of Meteorological Instruments

  • Only few NMHSCs carry out the Regular Maintenance and

Repair

  • Only few NMHSCs have a system of traceability
  • However, almost all NMHSCs have some concern on the

quality of observation data

(2) (In future) Necessity of preparation of National Standard Instruments at each NMHSC (4) Summary of the Current Status of Meteorological Instrument

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SLIDE 27
  • 1. General condition of AWS in many NMHSCs

There are a lot of AWSs which doesn’t work or out of order in many NMHSCs

  • 2. Points to be taken care in case of AWS

(1) AWS requires a high technology for maintenance

  • Maintenance staff have to master AWS by reading its

technical manual

(2) Concerning Data Processing Units

  • Keep away from small insects and dust
  • Keep away from very hot and high humid condition as

possible as

  • Protect from long time power cut off
  • Utilize a OVP and AVR device and UPS
  • 3. Carry out the comparative analysis between

Conventional and AWS data (5) Points to be Taken Care in case of AWS.

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SLIDE 28

Kunio AKATSU