The Rise of Democracy Chapter 26 1 Chap. 26.126.5 Rise of - PDF document

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 The Rise of Democracy Chapter 26 1

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 The Rise of Democracy Chapter 26 2

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 26.1 • Last chapter we talked about the fact that mountains and seas isolated Greek communities. • As a result Greek communities developed separately Sep 9­7:08 PM 3

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 Same language but felt they were in "different countries" Called their hometown "the city" settlement and surrounding farms Sep 9­7:08 PM 4

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 PROUD of their "cities" *laws *army *money Each city had its own form of government ! Called them: city-states These city-states functioned as individual Countries; Often would go to war against other Greek City States. Sep 9­7:08 PM 5

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 Four forms of Government : *monarchy *oligarchy *tyranny *democracy Sep 9­7:08 PM 6

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 MONARCHY 2000 - 800 B.C.E. Most city-states ruled by monarch (king): In a monarchy the king has power to govern (no Queens had power in Greece). * At first the king selected by the people of city-state. Then when the king died, another leader was selected. *Eventually though, Kings start to demand that power goes to their oldest son. Sep 9­7:08 PM 7

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 King's POWERS: -made laws -acted as judges -conducted religious ceremonies -led army during war -used soldiers to punish law breakers or people who didn't pay taxes! Sep 9­7:08 PM 8

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 King selected a council of the "best" people Aristocrats : (Greek word: "best") -wealthy men who inherited land -no power at first But, Aristocrats could afford horses and armor during wars . . . helped King! Sep 9­7:08 PM 9

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 "Hey! As a group, we're stonger than him!" -Wanted to share his power!! Aristocrats said: -King should be elected! -King can only rule a certain number of years! -Hey, let's take power ourselves!!!! 800 B.C.E. NO MORE KINGS! Sep 9­7:08 PM 10

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 OLIGARCHY: 800 B.C.E. When the Aristocrats get power themselves, they form an oligarchy. In an oligarchy the ruling power is in the hands of a few. Most city-states ruled by small group of wealthy men . . . oligarchs. (Oligarch is a Greek word that means "few") MOST of the GROUP : *Aristocrats (wealthy men who inherited land) *A few were Wealthy Merchants Sep 9­7:08 PM 11

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 OLIGARCHS POOR comfortable lives days spent hunting evening on couches drinking wine work all day in fields chariot races parties: slaves & hired "NOT FAIR!" people enteretained guests with music, dance, and acrobatics Sep 9­7:08 PM 12

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 Oligarchs IGNORED needs of people *passed laws poor didn't like *used army to force people to obey *some passed laws forcing farmer to sell themselves into slavery if couldn't pay debts! *laws protected and increased their own wealth; not laws that benefit the majority of the people or Greece as a whole!! Sep 9­7:08 PM 13

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 Rich got Richer/Poor got Poorer! *Poor began to hate oligarchs! *Poor turned to leaders (army) who "promised" to improve lives *Leaders used soldiers and people to throw out the oligarchs! Sep 9­7:08 PM 14

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 TYRANNY: 600's B.C.E. Power by FORCE! tyrant: one person that forced themselves into power and isn't a lawful king . . . Sep 9­7:08 PM 15

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 TYRANNY (Dictatorship): Took control by FORCE! Unlike a monarch a tyrant gets and keeps power using military force, not inherited. Most were former military leaders who got support of their people by PROMISING them more RIGHTS . . . -Many ruled well (made changes to help the poor) (mean to aristocrats) Here's the deal - Tyrants can be good rulers but they don't have to be as long as they can force people to obey them. Sep 9­7:08 PM 16

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 TYRANNY: Some were not so nice : Hippias (last tyrant of city-state Athens) nice brother killed MEAN He became UNBEARABLE Forced to leave Athens tries another form of GOVERNMENT . . . 17

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 DEMOCRACY: All citizens share power 500 B.C.E. Athens "Rule by the People" Citizens SHARE ruling power 18

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 ATHENS: DIRECT DEMOCRACY: EVERY citizen votes EVERY issue Assembly (lawmaking group) ANY free man could speak in the Assembly and vote on a new law or proposal to go to war 19

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 Not all Greeks liked this: Powerful speakers persuaded some to vote foolishly . . . • Sometimes, assembly would reverse poor decisions after a few weeks! • Takes a lot of time for everyone to vote on every issue -- in theory everyone can participate, but if you have to work. . . 20

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 Most city-states returned to dictatorships and oligarchies ... HOWEVER: Idea of DEMOCRACY would become one of the GREAT gifts of ancient Greece to the modern world!!! 21

Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook September 18, 2011 The Athenian democracy is not quite like our democracy. We have a representative democracy -- we chose representatives to make laws for us. Imagine if every citizen voted on every law!!!! 22