The Rise of Democracy Chapter 26 1 Chap. 26.126.5 Rise of - - PDF document

• Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook

1 September 18, 2011

Chapter 26

The Rise of Democracy

• Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook

2 September 18, 2011

Chapter 26

The Rise of Democracy

• Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook

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Sep 9­7:08 PM

26.1

• Last chapter we talked about the fact that

mountains and seas isolated Greek communities.

• As a result Greek communities developed

separately

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Same language but felt they were in "different countries" Called their hometown "the city" settlement and surrounding farms

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PROUD of their "cities" *laws *army *money Each city had its own form of government! Called them: city-states These city-states functioned as individual Countries; Often would go to war against other Greek City States.

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Four forms of Government: *monarchy *oligarchy *tyranny *democracy

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MONARCHY

2000 - 800 B.C.E.

Most city-states ruled by monarch (king):

In a monarchy the king has power to govern (no Queens had power in Greece).

*At first the king selected by the people of city-state. Then

when the king died, another leader was selected. *Eventually though, Kings start to demand that power goes to their oldest son.

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• made laws
• acted as judges
• conducted religious ceremonies
• led army during war
• used soldiers to punish law breakers or people who didn't pay

taxes!

King's POWERS:

• Chap. 26.1­26.5 Rise of Democracy 2011.notebook

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King selected a council of the "best" people

• wealthy men who inherited land
• no power at first

Aristocrats:

(Greek word: "best")

But, Aristocrats could afford horses and armor during wars . . . helped King!

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"Hey! As a group, we're stonger than him!"

• Wanted to share his power!!
• King should be elected!
• King can only rule a certain number of years!
• Hey, let's take power ourselves!!!!

Aristocrats said:

800 B.C.E. NO MORE KINGS!

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OLIGARCHY:

800 B.C.E. When the Aristocrats get power themselves, they form an

• ligarchy.

In an oligarchy the ruling power is in the hands of a few. Most city-states ruled by small group of wealthy men . . .

• ligarchs.

*Aristocrats *A few were Wealthy Merchants

(Oligarch is a Greek word that means "few")

MOST of the GROUP:

(wealthy men who inherited land)

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OLIGARCHS POOR comfortable lives days spent hunting evening on couches drinking wine chariot races parties: slaves & hired people enteretained guests with music, dance, and acrobatics work all day in fields "NOT FAIR!"

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Oligarchs IGNORED needs of people *passed laws poor didn't like *some passed laws forcing farmer to sell themselves into slavery if couldn't pay debts! *laws protected and increased their own wealth; not laws that benefit the majority of the people

• r Greece as a whole!!

*used army to force people to obey

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*Poor began to hate oligarchs! *Leaders used soldiers and people to throw out the oligarchs! *Poor turned to leaders (army) who "promised" to improve lives Rich got Richer/Poor got Poorer!

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TYRANNY:

600's B.C.E.

Power by FORCE!

tyrant: one person that forced themselves into power and isn't a lawful king . . .

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TYRANNY (Dictatorship):

Most were former military leaders who got support of their people by PROMISING them more RIGHTS . . .

Took control by FORCE!

Unlike a monarch a tyrant gets and keeps power using military force, not inherited.

• Many ruled well

(made changes to help the poor) (mean to aristocrats) Here's the deal - Tyrants can be good rulers but they don't have to be as long as they can force people to

• bey them.

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TYRANNY:

Some were not so nice: Hippias (last tyrant of city-state Athens) nice brother killed MEAN He became UNBEARABLE Forced to leave

Athens tries another form of GOVERNMENT . . .

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DEMOCRACY: All citizens share power

500 B.C.E. Athens "Rule by the People" Citizens SHARE ruling power

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ATHENS: DIRECT DEMOCRACY:

EVERY citizen votes EVERY issue

Assembly (lawmaking group)

ANY free man could speak in the Assembly and vote on a new law or proposal to go to war

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Not all Greeks liked this:

Powerful speakers persuaded some to vote foolishly . . .

• Sometimes, assembly would reverse poor

decisions after a few weeks!

• Takes a lot of time for everyone to vote on

every issue -- in theory everyone can participate, but if you have to work. . .

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Most city-states returned to dictatorships and oligarchies ... Idea of DEMOCRACY would become one of the GREAT gifts of ancient Greece to the modern world!!!

HOWEVER:

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The Athenian democracy is not quite like our democracy.

We have a representative democracy -- we chose representatives to make laws for us. Imagine if every citizen voted on every law!!!!