the next 10 years of pv research
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The Next 10 Years of PV Research University of New South Wales Dr. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Building on 37 Years of Progress: The Next 10 Years of PV Research University of New South Wales Dr. Gregory M. Wilson Director, National Center for Photovoltaics National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado - USA 15 April, 2014


  1. Building on 37 Years of Progress: The Next 10 Years of PV Research University of New South Wales Dr. Gregory M. Wilson Director, National Center for Photovoltaics National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado - USA 15 April, 2014 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC.

  2. The National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) is America’s largest PV research institute focused on the scientific research and technology developments needed by industry to rapidly move PV forward as a mainstream source of low cost, reliable energy. “That’s one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Neil Armstrong, July 20, 1969 Our Mission: • Grid Parity by 2020. • $1/Watt installed PV (5MW scale) , 50¢/Watt module price. • Equivalent to 5-6 cents per kilowatt hour. • Competitive with fossil energy. • Rapid growth without incentives. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 2

  3. NCPV: Helping Seed the PV Technologies of Tomorrow NCPV: Helping seed the PV technologies of tomorrow NCPV: Helping seed the PV technologies of tomorrow NCPV: Helping seed the PV technologies of tomorrow Today NCPV NCPV National Center for National Center for SERI becomes the SERI becomes the SERI becomes the SERI begins SERI begins SERI begins SERI begins 1977 1991 1996 2014 Photovoltaics (NCPV) is Photovoltaics (NCPV) is National Renewable National Renewable National Renewable operation operation operation operation established established Energy Laboratory Energy Laboratory Energy Laboratory Record Cell Efficiencies Record Cell Efficiencies Record Cell Efficiencies Record Cell Efficiencies III-­‑V ¡ III-­‑V ¡ III-­‑V ¡ Silicon ¡ Silicon ¡ Silicon ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ Silicon ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ OPV ¡ CIGS/CdTe ¡ Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 3

  4. NREL and the NCPV Today Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 4

  5. NCPV Competencies Na#onal ¡Center ¡for ¡Photovoltaics ¡ (NCPV) ¡ ¡ PV ¡Technologies ¡ PV ¡Cross-­‑CuGng ¡R&D ¡ Thin ¡Film ¡PV ¡ III-­‑V ¡ Measurements ¡& ¡ Module ¡Reliability ¡& ¡ Silicon ¡ OPV/TCO ¡ CIGS ¡/ ¡CdTe ¡/CZTS/Novel ¡ MJ ¡& ¡1J ¡ Characteriza#on ¡ Systems ¡ Engineering ¡ Extensive Capabilities and PV Experience Under One Roof Material Synthesis • Device Processing • Device Design • Device Modeling • Measurements & Characterization • A Highly Trained Technical Staff 1 µ m Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 5

  6. NCPV Conversion Technology R&D Portfolio PV TECHNOLOGY PIPELINE Device & System Development & Manufacturing Material & Component Process Market Material & Device System Development & Manufacturing Component Device Prototype & Pilot Prototype Manufacturing- Commercial Device & Process Concept Market Concepts Proof of Prototype & Pilot Commercial Transformation System Oriented Production Proof of Concept Transformation Manufacturing-Oriented Commercial Production Commercial Scale Production Concepts Scale Production Development Replication Design & Pilot Prod. Demonstration Design & Pilot Production Demonstration Replication NCPV Conversion Technology R&D Overview: Ü III-V Multijunction Demonstrate > 50% 4J device Ü Wafer Si Tandem Demonstrate > 30% 2J device on cSi wafer Ü CdTe Fundamental CdTe materials questions ⇒ Enable >16% HVM module Ü CIGS Fundamental CIS materials questions ⇒ Enable >16% HVM module Ü Organic PV (OPV) Build on BES program, demonstrate commercial viability Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 6

  7. NCPV Research Portfolio PV TECHNOLOGY PIPELINE Device & System Development & Manufacturing Material & Component Process Market Material & Device System Development & Manufacturing Component Device Prototype & Pilot Prototype Manufacturing- Commercial Device & Process Concept Market Concepts Proof of Prototype & Pilot Commercial Transformation System Oriented Production Proof of Concept Transformation Manufacturing-Oriented Commercial Production Commercial Scale Production Concepts Scale Production Development Replication Design & Pilot Prod. Demonstration Design & Pilot Production Demonstration Replication Other NCPV Research Areas: Ü CZTS More fundamental materials questions, demonstrate commercial viability Ü III-V 1J via HVPE Develop route to low-cost, 1-sun III-V cells Ü Novel PV Absorbers Build on Inverse Design EFRC, identify new PV absorbers Ü Novel TCOs Build on Inverse Design EFRC, identify new TCOs Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 7

  8. PV Reliability Potential Induced Degradation Encapsulant & Edge Seal Durability Module Performance Many other projects: http://www.nrel.gov/pv/performance_reliability/publications.html Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 8

  9. Motivation is Clear – Energy Needs vs. CO 2 Trillion Kilowatt-hours Source: 2010 DOE-EIA International Energy Outlook • ~21 trillion kWhrs of electricity, ~2/3 from fossil fuels. • Earth at 400ppm CO 2 . Source: NASA-GISS Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 9

  10. PV Energy for Planet Earth in 2035 2035 “new policy” scenario: PV farm in the U.S. SW 428 mi on a side supplies all of the world’s energy needs. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 10

  11. Solar Insolation – U.S. vs. India Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 11

  12. Solar Insolation – U.S. vs. China Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 12

  13. Global PV Demand Forecast Source: GTM Research Solar Executive Briefing, JAN14 Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 13

  14. Reality – Small PV Contribution in 2035 Source: IEA WEO 2013 • Although PV growth rate will remain high, it is projected to only be 7% of global electrical generating capacity under the IEA’s New Policies Scenario. • To reach its potential as the “biggest renewable energy generator”, several problems still need to be solved … • Total system cost – Need SunShot target, LCOE of 6¢/kWh • Intermittency – Both storage and optimized PV grid integration • TW Scaling Barriers – Capital, materials availability, energy payback time Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 14

  15. History – Module Cost Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 15

  16. Highest η cSi – SUNPOWER’s Roadmap Source: SUNPOWER Analyst Day, 15 May, 2013 Silicon modules already dominate the PV market with >90% share, upside potential for c-Si cell efficiency remains high. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 16

  17. High η CdTe - First Solar’s Roadmap 16% modules at SunShot panel cost targets will allow CdTe and CIGS to penetrate traditional mc-Si PV markets. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 17

  18. High η CdTe - First Solar’s Roadmap 16% modules at SunShot panel cost targets will allow CdTe and CIGS to penetrate traditional mc-Si PV markets. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 18

  19. PV System Price by Country Residen#al ¡Systems ¡ Commercial ¡Systems ¡ $8 ¡ ¡ $9 ¡ ¡ Price ¡Range ¡ Price ¡Range ¡ $8 ¡ ¡ $7 ¡ ¡ Typical ¡Price, ¡Dec. ¡'13 ¡ Typical ¡Price, ¡Dec. ¡'13 ¡ $7 ¡ ¡ Typical ¡Price, ¡Dec. ¡'12 ¡ $6 ¡ ¡ System ¡Price ¡($/W) ¡ System ¡Price ¡($/W) ¡ Typical ¡Price, ¡Dec. ¡'12 ¡ $6 ¡ ¡ $5 ¡ ¡ $5 ¡ ¡ $4 ¡ ¡ $4 ¡ ¡ $3 ¡ ¡ $3 ¡ ¡ $2 ¡ ¡ $2 ¡ ¡ $1 ¡ ¡ $1 ¡ ¡ $0 ¡ ¡ $0 ¡ ¡ Belgium ¡ Denmark ¡ Italy ¡ Japan ¡ U.S. ¡ Belgium ¡ Denmark ¡ Australia ¡ Italy ¡ Japan ¡ U.S. ¡ Sources : ¡2013 ¡(IEA ¡repor/ng ¡by ¡country, ¡Jan. ¡‘14); ¡2012 ¡(IEA ¡PVPS ¡(01/18/13)). ¡ • Module prices in multiple conversion technologies are on track to hit 2020 targets yet US system costs are substantially higher than other countries. • Problem is “soft” and BOS costs unique to US market – US DOE now focusing more effort in these areas. • PV cell research now becoming more focused on high efficiency plus new processes & materials with still lower cost potential. Innova&on ¡for ¡Our ¡Energy ¡Future ¡ NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 19

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