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The JX Operating System Michael Golm Meik Felser, Christian Wawersich, Jrgen Kleinder University of Erlangen-Nrnberg Department of Computer Science (Distributed Systems and Operating Systems) Martensstrae 1 91058 Erlangen, Germany

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The JX Operating System

Michael Golm

Meik Felser, Christian Wawersich, Jürgen Kleinöder

University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Department of Computer Science (Distributed Systems and Operating Systems) Martensstraße 1 91058 Erlangen, Germany golm@cs.fau.de

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The JX Operating System

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A Dancing Bear

This is a "dancing bear" paper -- it’s not how well the bear dances, but that it dances at all. And this bear dances.

Anonymous Reviewer

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SLIDE 3

The JX Operating System

2

Outline

■ Motivation ■ JX Architecture

◆ Protection domains ◆ Communication mechanism ◆ The Microkernel

■ System-level programming in Java ■ Performance

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SLIDE 4

The JX Operating System

3

Motivation

Why another OS?

Abstraction levels in software engineering

Assembler C Smalltalk, Java, C#

portability productivity robustness portability productivity robustness

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SLIDE 5

The JX Operating System

4

Motivation

Why another OS?

Abstraction levels in software engineering

Assembler C Smalltalk, Java, C#

portability productivity robustness portability productivity robustness ? ?

Operating Systems Applications

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SLIDE 6

The JX Operating System

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Motivation

Typical System Structure

Application Application OS Kernel (Unix,...) Middleware (JVM, RMI, CORBA,...) Hardware

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The JX Operating System

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Motivation

Typical System Structure

Application Unix JVM Hardware

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SLIDE 8

The JX Operating System

7

Motivation

Typical System Structure

Application Unix JVM Hardware

File System Disk Driver System Call Interface Java Native Interface Hardware Interface File Descriptor File Object

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SLIDE 9

The JX Operating System

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Motivation

The Way to a new Architecture

Application Unix JVM Hardware

File System Disk Driver System Call Interface Java Native Interface Hardware Interface File Descriptor File Object

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The JX Operating System

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Motivation

The Way to a new Architecture

OS Kernel (µKernel) JVM Hardware

File System Disk Driver System Call Interface Hardware Interface File Descriptor

Application

File Object

File System

Device Driver

Disk Driver File System

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The JX Operating System

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Motivation

The Way to a new Architecture

OS Kernel (µKernel) JVM (w/o native methods) Hardware

File System Disk Driver System Call Interface Hardware Interface File Descriptor

Application

File Object

File System

Device Driver

Disk Driver File System

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The JX Operating System

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Motivation

The Way to a new Architecture

Application OS Kernel (µKernel) JVM (w/o native methods) Hardware

File System Disk Driver Hardware Interface File Descriptor File Object

File System

Device Driver

Disk Driver File System

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The JX Operating System

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The JX Operating System

Application

Hardware Interface File Object

File System

Device Driver

Disk Driver File System

JX (µKernel) Hardware

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SLIDE 14

The JX Operating System

13

Architecture

The JX Operating System

Application

Hardware Interface File Object

File System

Device Driver

Disk Driver File System

JVM JVM JVM JX (µKernel) Hardware

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

The JX Operating System

Application

Hardware Interface File Object

File System

Device Driver

Disk Driver File System

virtual JVM virtual JVM virtual JVM JX (µKernel) Hardware

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Protection Domains

Domain Domain

Domain

virtual JVM virtual JVM virtual JVM JX (µKernel)

Hardware Interface

Hardware

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Protection Domains

Hardware

Hardware Interface

Domain

JX (µKernel) Domain

Heap Components Classes Classes Threads

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Communication: Portals

Domain Hardware

Hardware Interface

JX (µKernel) Domain

Heap Threads Components Heap Threads Components

Service

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Communication: Portals

Domain Hardware

Hardware Interface

JX (µKernel) Domain

Heap Threads Components

Interface Implementation

Heap Threads Components

Service

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Communication: Portals

Domain Hardware

Hardware Interface

JX (µKernel) Domain

Heap Threads Components

Interface Implementation

Heap Threads Components

Service Service-Thread

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Communication: Portals

Domain Hardware

Hardware Interface

JX (µKernel) Domain

Heap Threads Components

Interface Implementation

Heap Threads Components

Portal Service Service-Thread

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Communication: Portals

Domain Hardware

Hardware Interface

JX (µKernel) Domain

Heap Threads Components

Interface Implementation

Heap Threads Components

Interface Portal Service Service-Thread

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The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Communication: Portals

Domain Hardware

Hardware Interface

JX (µKernel) Domain

Heap Threads Components

Interface Implementation

Heap Threads Components

Interface Portal Service Client-Thread Service-Thread

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SLIDE 24

The JX Operating System

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Architecture

Protection Domains

■ Each domain has its own heap

◆ no shared objects ➔ no accounting problems (memory, GC time) ◆ no GC dependencies ➔ no scalability problems ◆ explicit application boundaries ➔ confinement

■ Each domain has its own threads

◆ no migrating threads ➔ no domain termination problems

■ Each domain has its own code

◆ no trusted code ➔ improved security

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SLIDE 25

The JX Operating System

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Architecture

The Microkernel

Hardware

Hardware Interface

Java-level scheduler domain management garbage collector scheduler Naming DomainZero Portals Runtime System Memory Manager Domain Manager monitoring low-level CPU management copying garbage collector mark&sweep garbage collector portal invocation memory management component management Java-level collector preemptive round-robin scheduler non-preemptive round-robin scheduler garbage collector support framework

JX Domain Domain

Domain

virtual JVM virtual JVM virtual JVM

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SLIDE 26

The JX Operating System

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Architecture

The Microkernel

Java-level scheduler domain management garbage collector scheduler Naming Portals Runtime System Memory Manager Domain Manager monitoring low-level CPU management copying garbage collector mark&sweep garbage collector portal invocation memory management component management Java-level collector preemptive round-robin scheduler non-preemptive round-robin scheduler garbage collector support framework

Domain Domain Domain Domain

DomainZero

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SLIDE 27

The JX Operating System

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Outline

■ Motivation ■ JX Architecture

◆ Protection domains ◆ Communication mechanism ◆ The Microkernel

■ System-level programming in Java ■ Performance

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The JX Operating System

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System-level Programming in Java

Application Hardware

Hardware Interface File Object

File System

Device Driver

Disk Driver File System

JX

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The JX Operating System

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System-level Programming in Java

■ Problems

◆ Management of large memory, registers, and on-device memory ◆ Interrupt handlers

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The JX Operating System

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System-level Programming in Java

■ Problems

◆ Management of large memory, registers, and on-device memory ◆ Interrupt handlers

■ Requirement

◆ No changes to the language or bytecode instruction set

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The JX Operating System

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Memory

■ Manage large memory areas

◆ disk blocks, network buffers, ...

■ Access special memory areas

◆ video memory, device registers, ...

■ Disadvantages of arrays:

◆ no explicit interface ◆ no specializations possible ◆ located on heap, can be moved (DMA!) ◆ can only be passed by copying

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The JX Operating System

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Memory Portals

■ Explicit interface ■ Can be subtyped ■ Can be used to access arbitrary memory areas ■ Can be treated specially by the translator ■ Share data between domains ■ Pass subranges to other domains ■ Revoke access

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The JX Operating System

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Fast Portals

■ Execute in caller context (caller thread/domain) ■ Can only be created by DomainZero ■ Portal object contains special data not directly accessible from the Java level

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The JX Operating System

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Fast Portals

■ Execute in caller context (caller thread/domain) ■ Can only be created by DomainZero ■ Portal object contains special data not directly accessible from the Java level ■ Example: Memory portal

Client Domain DomainZero

heap

memoryManager.alloc(...)

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The JX Operating System

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Fast Portals

■ Execute in caller context (caller thread/domain) ■ Can only be created by DomainZero ■ Portal object contains special data not directly accessible from the Java level ■ Example: Memory portal

Client Domain DomainZero

heap memory area

memoryManager.alloc(...) allocate memory

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The JX Operating System

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Fast Portals

■ Execute in caller context (caller thread/domain) ■ Can only be created by DomainZero ■ Portal object contains special data not directly accessible from the Java level ■ Example: Memory portal

Client Domain DomainZero

heap mem size ... memory area

memoryManager.alloc(...) copy portal to client allocate memory

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The JX Operating System

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Interrupt Handler

■ Interrupts handled in own thread with interrupts disabled

◆ must not run in endless loop ➔ verifier ◆ must not invoke portals except fast portals ◆ must synchronize with other threads without blocking ▲ AtomicVariable

  • setValue(...), unblock(...) used in interrupt thread
  • blockIfEqual(...) used outside interrupt thread

➔ Single Producer / Single Consumer Queue

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The JX Operating System

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System-level Programming in Java

Device Driver Domain

Heap

DRAM Registers, On-device memory

AtomicVariable Threads IRQ-Thread

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The JX Operating System

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System-level Programming in Java

Device Driver Domain

Heap

DRAM Registers, On-device memory

AtomicVariable Threads IRQ-Thread

Heap

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The JX Operating System

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System-level Programming in Java

Device Driver Domain

Heap

DRAM Registers, On-device memory

Memory AtomicVariable Threads IRQ-Thread

Heap Memory

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The JX Operating System

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System-level Programming in Java

Device Driver Domain

Heap

DRAM Registers, On-device memory

Memory DeviceMemory AtomicVariable Threads IRQ-Thread

Heap Memory

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The JX Operating System

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Outline

■ Motivation ■ JX Architecture

◆ Protection domains ◆ Communication mechanism ◆ The Microkernel

■ System-level programming in Java ■ Performance

◆ IOZONE ◆ NFS

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

IOZone: Multi-domain Config

80 160 240 320 400 480 560

filesize in KBytes throughput in MBytes/sec 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

80 160 240 320 400 480 560

filesize in KBytes throughput in MBytes/sec 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 record size in KBytes 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 record size in KBytes

Filesystem

FS ext2FS Buffer BlockIO

BlockProvider

BlockIO IDE

IOZone

FS iozone DomainZero

Linux JX

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

IOZone: Multi-domain Config

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 filesize in KBytes achieved throughput in percent 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 record size in KBytes

Filesystem

FS ext2FS Buffer BlockIO

BlockProvider

BlockIO IDE

IOZone

FS iozone DomainZero

JX vs. Linux %

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

IOZone: Single-domain Config

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 filesize in KBytes achieved throughput in percent 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 record size in KBytes

Filesystem

FS ext2FS Buffer BlockIO

BlockProvider

BlockIO IDE

IOZone

FS iozone DomainZero

JX vs. Linux %

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

IOZone: Single-domain Config

4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 record size in KBytes

Filesystem

FS ext2FS Buffer BlockIO

BlockProvider

BlockIO IDE

IOZone

FS iozone DomainZero

Running without safety checks %

5 10 15 filesize in KBytes

improvement in percent

4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

NFS: getattr request rate

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 2 4 6 8 10 request/second Time in seconds JX Linux (kernel NFS) Linux (user NFS)

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

NFS: getattr request rate

Idle 0.1 DomainZero:InitialThread 0.3 SVC-jx/zero/BootFS 0.4 SVC-jx/zero/ComponentManager 0.5 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.6 SVC-jx/zero/DomainManager 0.7 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.8 SVC-jx/zero/Naming 0.9 Init-main 1.2 GC 2.1 NFS-main 2.2 jx/devices/pci/PCIGod 2.3 timerpc/StartTimer 2.4 jx/net/StartNetDevice 2.5 jx/net/protocols/StartNetworkProtocols 2.6 test/fs/IDEDomain 2.7 FSDomain-Main 2.8 test/nfs/NFSDomain 2.9 SVC-jx/devices/pci/PCIAccess 2.10 TimerManager 2.11 IRQThread8 2.12 SVC-jx/timer/TimerManager 2.13 IRQThread11 2.14 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide0 2.15 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide1 2.16 IRQThread14 2.17 SVC-jx/devices/net/NetworkDevice 2.18 Etherpacket-Queue 2.19 SVC-jx/net/NetInit 2.20 RPC-Receiver 2.21 SVC-bioide/Partition 2.23 SVC-jx/fs/FS 2.24 SVC-jx/fs/FileSystem 2.25 MountProc 2.26 NFSProc 2.27 RPCBind 2.28

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Time in Seconds

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

NFS: getattr request rate

Idle 0.1 DomainZero:InitialThread 0.3 SVC-jx/zero/BootFS 0.4 SVC-jx/zero/ComponentManager 0.5 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.6 SVC-jx/zero/DomainManager 0.7 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.8 SVC-jx/zero/Naming 0.9 Init-main 1.2 GC 2.1 NFS-main 2.2 jx/devices/pci/PCIGod 2.3 timerpc/StartTimer 2.4 jx/net/StartNetDevice 2.5 jx/net/protocols/StartNetworkProtocols 2.6 test/fs/IDEDomain 2.7 FSDomain-Main 2.8 test/nfs/NFSDomain 2.9 SVC-jx/devices/pci/PCIAccess 2.10 TimerManager 2.11 IRQThread8 2.12 SVC-jx/timer/TimerManager 2.13 IRQThread11 2.14 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide0 2.15 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide1 2.16 IRQThread14 2.17 SVC-jx/devices/net/NetworkDevice 2.18 Etherpacket-Queue 2.19 SVC-jx/net/NetInit 2.20 RPC-Receiver 2.21 SVC-bioide/Partition 2.23 SVC-jx/fs/FS 2.24 SVC-jx/fs/FileSystem 2.25 MountProc 2.26 NFSProc 2.27 RPCBind 2.28

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Time in Seconds

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

NFS: getattr request rate

Idle 0.1 DomainZero:InitialThread 0.3 SVC-jx/zero/BootFS 0.4 SVC-jx/zero/ComponentManager 0.5 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.6 SVC-jx/zero/DomainManager 0.7 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.8 SVC-jx/zero/Naming 0.9 Init-main 1.2 GC 2.1 NFS-main 2.2 jx/devices/pci/PCIGod 2.3 timerpc/StartTimer 2.4 jx/net/StartNetDevice 2.5 jx/net/protocols/StartNetworkProtocols 2.6 test/fs/IDEDomain 2.7 FSDomain-Main 2.8 test/nfs/NFSDomain 2.9 SVC-jx/devices/pci/PCIAccess 2.10 TimerManager 2.11 IRQThread8 2.12 SVC-jx/timer/TimerManager 2.13 IRQThread11 2.14 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide0 2.15 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide1 2.16 IRQThread14 2.17 SVC-jx/devices/net/NetworkDevice 2.18 Etherpacket-Queue 2.19 SVC-jx/net/NetInit 2.20 RPC-Receiver 2.21 SVC-bioide/Partition 2.23 SVC-jx/fs/FS 2.24 SVC-jx/fs/FileSystem 2.25 MountProc 2.26 NFSProc 2.27 RPCBind 2.28

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Time in Seconds

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The JX Operating System

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Performance

NFS: getattr request rate

Idle 0.1 DomainZero:InitialThread 0.3 SVC-jx/zero/BootFS 0.4 SVC-jx/zero/ComponentManager 0.5 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.6 SVC-jx/zero/DomainManager 0.7 SVC-jx/zero/DebugSupport 0.8 SVC-jx/zero/Naming 0.9 Init-main 1.2 GC 2.1 NFS-main 2.2 jx/devices/pci/PCIGod 2.3 timerpc/StartTimer 2.4 jx/net/StartNetDevice 2.5 jx/net/protocols/StartNetworkProtocols 2.6 test/fs/IDEDomain 2.7 FSDomain-Main 2.8 test/nfs/NFSDomain 2.9 SVC-jx/devices/pci/PCIAccess 2.10 TimerManager 2.11 IRQThread8 2.12 SVC-jx/timer/TimerManager 2.13 IRQThread11 2.14 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide0 2.15 IDE-2nd-IRQ ide1 2.16 IRQThread14 2.17 SVC-jx/devices/net/NetworkDevice 2.18 Etherpacket-Queue 2.19 SVC-jx/net/NetInit 2.20 RPC-Receiver 2.21 SVC-bioide/Partition 2.23 SVC-jx/fs/FS 2.24 SVC-jx/fs/FileSystem 2.25 MountProc 2.26 NFSProc 2.27 RPCBind 2.28

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 Time in Seconds

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The JX Operating System

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Conclusion

■ It is possible to build an OS based on type-safe protection

◆ Isolation of protection domains ◆ System-level programming without language extensions

■ OS takes advantage of advanced language technology

◆ Increased robustness of system components ◆ Modular system ◆ Flexibility in system configuration ◆ Extensibility using domains

■ Performance is sufficient for most applications ➔ http://www4.cs.fau.de/Projects/JX