The Everywhere War Presented by Radovan Marek and Megan Orr Article - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Everywhere War Presented by Radovan Marek and Megan Orr Article - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Everywhere War Presented by Radovan Marek and Megan Orr Article Summary Global battle spaces enable the everywhere war to take place. Boundaries are blurred, ex: Iraq and its Green and Red Zones, blurring into Brown 3 Major


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The Everywhere War

Presented by Radovan Marek and Megan Orr

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Article Summary

  • Global battle spaces enable the everywhere war to take place.
  • Boundaries are blurred, ex: Iraq and its Green and Red Zones, blurring into

Brown

  • 3 Major events: Af-Pak, Amexica, and Cyberspace.
  • Af-Pak - Obama Administration's war on the Taliban and al Qaeda.
  • Amexica - US and Mexico border and the war on drugs.
  • Cyberspace - Virtual spaces and cyberwarfare, ex: DARPA and DDS
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For those in the US war began with 9/11

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9/11 for those outside America marked

“A climactic summation of a longer history

  • f American imperialism in general and its

meddling in the Middle East in particular”

(p. 238)

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State of Permanent Warfare

  • Our wars and their wars - one uncivilized and the other conducted with precision.
  • Boundaries are now blurred - Ex: US-led war on Afghanistan.
  • Everywhere war - dealing with biopolitics, geopolitics, and geoeconomics.
  • Constantly on the move - Extraterritorial
  • Zones, green and red - Ex: Iraq US Command bases green, everywhere else red.

Blurring occurs, producing brown.

  • War is always somewhere
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Af-Pak

  • Term for the war against the Taliban and al Qaeda - highly offensive to the

Afghan and Pakistani people.

  • Hyphen represents the Durand Line - border between Afghanistan and Pakistan
  • Left over from colonial India
  • Over 50,000 cross the border daily without documents.
  • Inhabitants cross from Afghanistan into Pakistan.
  • This includes the Taliban.
  • Unguarded border, leads to fighting on both sides.
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CIA Involvement

  • CIA led attacks from bases in Afghanistan but remotely controlled from the US.
  • UAV drones: MQ1-Predator and MQ9-Reaper. In 2001, the Predator was armed

with hellfire missiles as well.

  • CIA in control - classified as unlawful combatants according to Bush after 9/11
  • CIA and Military - Blurring of lines
  • Q: In this day of transnational combat, Where does the global battlespace end?

Does it end?

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Civilianisation of War

  • Outsourcing of support services to contractors
  • CIA as a paramilitary organization

○ Director of CIA not an air force general

Is the militarization of society and the civilianisation of war the same? How are they different/the same?

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Lack of Accountability

  • Secrecy
  • Civilian casualties
  • No inquiries
  • No compensation

(p. 242) What does this mean for the ways in which these wars are conducted?

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Amexica

  • Two worlds collide to form a third world - border culture.
  • Militarized campaign on narcotic trafficking and Mexico - war on drugs.
  • Drug traffickers and migrants are being labeled as terrorists and insurgents.
  • Started with Nicaraguan drug cartels and CIA support - guns for drugs
  • Proxy War - war on drugs, slowly led to militarization of border
  • Border Wars - T.V series
  • Border has slowly expanded - military personnel, equipment, and tactics used

against the war on drugs.

  • Mexico will be a battleground for cartels and will spill over in US.
  • Q: Is this an endless war machine? Agree or disagree?
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An Open Wound

  • The third world grates against the first and bleeds
  • Capital and commodities are welcome, but not migrants
  • How this links to poverty

○ Intergenerational issue

The idea of the link between third generation gangs and and fourth generation warfare

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DARPA and DDS

  • ARPANET evolved into DARPA
  • Packet-switching protocol for US DARPA - Surveillance and communications
  • ARPANET crashed from DDS attacks
  • DDS attacks are Distributed Denial of Service attacks which target vulnerable

infrastructure causing it to shut down - Overload of code

  • DDS attacks are commonly used by hackers, but can be used by anyone who has

access to a script - Russian hackers or Script kiddies

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Russia’s July 2008 Cyber Attack on Georgia

“This episode is significant not only because it was ‘the first time a known cyber-attack had coincided with a shooting war’ (Markoff 2008) but also because it suggests an emerging model of cyber warfare that involves both the outsourcing of cyber attacks and the militarisation of cybercrime” (p. 245)

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Cyberspace

  • Intermingling between physical and virtual spaces
  • Advanced surveillance and communications systems make military and civilian

nodes prime targets

Like an autoimmune attack, the system turning against itself

  • Cyber attacks take advantage of the spread out nature of cyberspaces which can

hide the aggressor

○ Even stealth attacks themselves can be partially concealed as well

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Stuxnet

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‘If the military is operating in cyberspace, does this include civilian computers in American homes?’

(p. 247)

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Questions to be asked about these processes:

  • 1. Is this ethical or even legal?
  • 2. What are the clear definitions of a cyber attack?
  • 3. How can civilians be protected?
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Group Exercise

  • In groups of 3, with each group looking at a different event from the article, do

you agree or disagree with the analysis that the military influences each of these scenarios directly? And how?

Af-Pak Amexica Cyberspace Military

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Summary

  • 9/11 used as a means to justify acts
  • f war
  • War on terror as a system of
  • ppression
  • There’s always a separation: us

versus them

  • The common thread: is any of this

legal or ethical?

  • The boundaries of war are blurred
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True or False Quiz

  • 1. Battlefields are multi-scalar, multi-dimensional spaces
  • 2. UAV stands for Unarmed Aerial Vehicle
  • 3. The CIA was created in 1947 as a civilian agency
  • 4. Predator and Reaper drones used to control the US border
  • 5. The United States was behind the STUXNET cyberattacks
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References

  • Kokym8. (2009, Apr 26). First and Second Plane Hit the Twin Towers [video file].

Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VJDDSPYQgQc

  • Hungry Beast. (2011, June 8). STUXNET: The Virus that Almost Started WW3

[video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7g0pi4J8auQ

  • Warleaks - Daily Military Defense Videos & Combat Footage. (2015, Sept 29).

What it Looks like to Operate the MQ-1 Predator Drone [video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCGgwQTz1qk

  • Knazev, O. (2012, Dec 8). MQ-9 Reaper UAV Predator. [video file]. Retrieved

from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8sTDxk3Jo4c

  • Military.com. (2015, May 14). Hellfire Missiles. [video file]. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wm4h1dA8ORo