Cochabamba! Cochabamba! Bolivia s Water War s Water War Bolivia - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Cochabamba! Cochabamba! Bolivia s Water War s Water War Bolivia - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Cochabamba! Cochabamba! Bolivia s Water War s Water War Bolivia Amy Chan Amy Chan Victoria Kahn Victoria Kahn Cherish Scott Cherish Scott Peter Vetere Vetere Peter Leading to the Water War Leading to the Water War Leading to

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SLIDE 1

Cochabamba! Cochabamba! Bolivia Bolivia ’ ’s Water War s Water War

Amy Chan Amy Chan Victoria Kahn Victoria Kahn Cherish Scott Cherish Scott Peter Peter Vetere Vetere

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SLIDE 2

Leading to the Water War Leading to the Water War Leading to the Water War Leading to the Water War

  • Cochabamba and the water scarcity problem

Cochabamba and the water scarcity problem

  • Commodification of resources

Commodification of resources

  • Law 2029 (1999)

Law 2029 (1999)

  • Rural/Urban drilling conflicts

Rural/Urban drilling conflicts

  • Aguas del Tunari contract

Aguas del Tunari contract

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SLIDE 3

The Water War The Water War The Water War The Water War

  • Riot 1 (December 1999)

Riot 1 (December 1999)

  • Law 2029 (prohibits guarantee of water to rural areas, rain

Law 2029 (prohibits guarantee of water to rural areas, rain collection collection… …) )

  • Aguas de Tunari gains exclusive rights

Aguas de Tunari gains exclusive rights

  • Traffic blockade

Traffic blockade

  • Agreement to revise law and contract

Agreement to revise law and contract

  • Riot 2 (February 2000)

Riot 2 (February 2000)

  • Agreement not honored

Agreement not honored

  • Peaceful protest turned violent

Peaceful protest turned violent

  • Agreement to revise law and contract

Agreement to revise law and contract

  • Riot 3 (April 2000)

Riot 3 (April 2000)

  • Two day street war

Two day street war

  • Aguas de Tunari leaves voluntarily

Aguas de Tunari leaves voluntarily

  • Law 2029 modified, control returned to SEMAPA (municipal

Law 2029 modified, control returned to SEMAPA (municipal company) company)

  • Problems still remain

Problems still remain

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SLIDE 4

State and Private Control State and Private Control State and Private Control State and Private Control

  • What went wrong?

What went wrong?

  • Abuse of power

Abuse of power

  • Unequal distribution

Unequal distribution

  • Lack of communication

Lack of communication

  • Accountability

Accountability

  • Exclusion from decision

Exclusion from decision-

  • making process

making process

  • Why?

Why?

  • Centralized bureaucratic

Centralized bureaucratic control control

  • “

“Haves Haves” ” versus the versus the “ “have have-

  • nots

nots” ”

  • Decisions based on technical

Decisions based on technical convenience rather than convenience rather than consumer demand consumer demand

  • Governmental officials as

Governmental officials as stakeholders in stakeholders in Aguas Aguas del del Tunari Tunari

  • Lack of popular

Lack of popular consent/sovereignty consent/sovereignty

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SLIDE 5

Solutions: Well Solutions: Well Solutions: Well Solutions: Well-

  • Implemented

Implemented Implemented Implemented Privatization Privatization Privatization Privatization

  • Role of the state government

Role of the state government

  • Regulation

Regulation

  • Monitoring (water quality and waste treatment)

Monitoring (water quality and waste treatment)

  • Representation

Representation

  • Accountability/ Overseer

Accountability/ Overseer

  • Role of the private consortium

Role of the private consortium

  • Fulfill contractual obligations

Fulfill contractual obligations

  • Service provider (infrastructure and supply)

Service provider (infrastructure and supply)

  • Innovator

Innovator

  • Constrained operations

Constrained operations

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SLIDE 6

Solutions: Decentralization Solutions: Decentralization Solutions: Decentralization Solutions: Decentralization

  • Role of state government

Role of state government

  • Similar to private approach (regulation, monitoring,

Similar to private approach (regulation, monitoring, accountability) accountability)

  • Role of local water committees

Role of local water committees

  • Small service providers

Small service providers

  • Greater participation

Greater participation

  • Independent and community

Independent and community-

  • specific

specific

  • Market Incentives

Market Incentives

  • Tradable water rights

Tradable water rights

  • Infrastructure support (grants and loans)

Infrastructure support (grants and loans)

  • State government

State government

  • International organizations

International organizations

  • NGOs

NGOs

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SLIDE 7

Decentralization in Cochabamba Decentralization in Cochabamba Decentralization in Cochabamba Decentralization in Cochabamba

  • Low susceptibility to privatization due to past

Low susceptibility to privatization due to past failure failure

  • Access to

Access to “ “tacit knowledge tacit knowledge” ”

  • Lower transaction costs

Lower transaction costs

  • Increased legitimacy

Increased legitimacy

  • Increased transparency

Increased transparency

  • Clearly articulated property rights

Clearly articulated property rights

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SLIDE 8

Sources Sources Sources Sources

  • Barlow, Maude, and Tony Clarke.

Barlow, Maude, and Tony Clarke. “ “The Struggle for Latin America The Struggle for Latin America’ ’s Water. s Water.” ” NACLA NACLA Report on the Americas Report on the Americas. 38.1 (2004): 15 . 38.1 (2004): 15-

  • 18.
  • 18. PAIS International

PAIS International. CSA. Cornell . CSA. Cornell University Library. 12 April 2007 University Library. 12 April 2007 www.csa.com. www.csa.com.

  • De la Fuente, M.

De la Fuente, M. “ “ The water war in Cochabamba, Bolivia: Privatization triggers an The water war in Cochabamba, Bolivia: Privatization triggers an uprising. uprising.” ” Mountain Research and Development. Mountain Research and Development. (February 2003): 98 (February 2003): 98-

  • 100.

100.

  • Franz Ch vez,

Franz Ch vez, “ “LA PAZ BOLIVIA: AFTER COCHABAMBAS WATER WAR, LA PAZ BOLIVIA: AFTER COCHABAMBAS WATER WAR, PROBLEMS REMAIN PROBLEMS REMAIN” ”, , IPS IPS -

  • Inter Press Service

Inter Press Service, 8 Nov. 2006. , 8 Nov. 2006.

  • Ostrom E. 2000. Private and common property rights. In Encyclope

Ostrom E. 2000. Private and common property rights. In Encyclopedia of Law and dia of Law and Economics, Vol. II: The History and Methodology of Law and Econo Economics, Vol. II: The History and Methodology of Law and Economics, Boudewijn mics, Boudewijn Brouckaert and Gerrit De Geest (eds). Edward Elgar: Cheltenham; Brouckaert and Gerrit De Geest (eds). Edward Elgar: Cheltenham; 332 332– –379. 379.

  • Ringler, Claudia, Ruth Suseela Meinzen

Ringler, Claudia, Ruth Suseela Meinzen-

  • Dick, and Bryan Randolph (ed). Bruns

Dick, and Bryan Randolph (ed). Bruns Water Water Rights Reform: Lessons for Institutional Design Rights Reform: Lessons for Institutional Design. International Food Policy Research . International Food Policy Research Institute, 2005. Institute, 2005. PAIS International PAIS International. CSA.. Cornell University Library. 12 April 2007 . CSA.. Cornell University Library. 12 April 2007 http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/books/oc49/oc49.pdf. http://www.ifpri.org/pubs/books/oc49/oc49.pdf.

  • “

“The fight for water and democracy: an interview with Oscar Olive The fight for water and democracy: an interview with Oscar Olivera ra” ” Multinational Multinational Monitor Monitor June 2000 June 2000 < <http://multinationalmonitor.org/mm2000/00june/interview.html http://multinationalmonitor.org/mm2000/00june/interview.html> >

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SLIDE 9

Questions? Questions?