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The Early Church (33-476 A.D.) The Roman Church: Christianity on the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Early Church (33-476 A.D.) The Roman Church: Christianity on the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
The Early Church (33-476 A.D.) The Roman Church: Christianity on the Rise Did anything about early Church history surprise you? If so, what and why? Monasticism Movement away from the world to pursue holiness through prayer St. Antony of
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Monasticism
Movement away from the world to pursue holiness through prayer
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- St. Antony of Egypt
- c. 251-356
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- St. Basil
330-379 A.D.
“If you live alone, whose feet will you wash?”
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Constantine
272-337 A.D.
Maxentius
278-312 A.D.
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Chi-Rho
“In hoc signo vinces.” “In this sign you will conquer.”
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Battle at the Milvian Bridge
311 A.D.
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The Milvian Bridge - Today
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Sol Invictus
“The Unconquered Sun”
Invictus Constantinus Max Aug
“Unconquered Constantine, the Great, Augustus”
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Edict of Milan (313 A.D.)
Ends 250+ years of Christian persecution in the Roman Empire
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Post-Persecution Church
- Free to worship openly
- Churches built; hierarchy established
- Established Christian Scriptures
- 27 New Testament books determined*
- Free to discuss theological issues
- Christological ecumenical councils
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Jewish Roots
The Mass was adapted from the Jewish synagogue service, and the Eucharist replaced the Jewish family meal eaten on the eve of the Sabbath
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From House Churches to Basilicas
Large, rectangular buildings where the Emperor heard court cases
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Roman Basilica Christian Church
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Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome
Built 432-440
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Pope
Bishop of Rome; “First among equals” in authority over
- ther bishops
Bishop
Supervisors; presided
- ver liturgy, managed
funds and property, maintained unity
Priest
Dressed as imperial
- fficials; aided bishop
in administering sacraments
Deacon
Elected by community to help the bishop; distributed alms and Communion
Church Hierarchy Defined
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- St. Helena
- c. 250-330 A.D.
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Church of the Holy Sepulcher – Jerusalem
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Church of the Nativity – Bethlehem
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Arius
- c. 256-336 A.D.
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The Council of Nicaea
325 A.D.
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Debating the Nature of Jesus Christ
Arius:
Homoiousios
(similar)
Nicholas:
Homoousios
(same)
Christianity nearly split over one iota!
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Tempers Flare at Nicaea
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The closest English translation is consubstantial Declared Christ homoousios and condemned Arius Developed the original draft of Nicene Creed
The Council of Nicaea
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IHCOYC XPICTOC
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Constantinople Becomes the New Capital
326-330 A.D.
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Direction Definition
Survival, hierarchy, infrastructure Beliefs defined; heresy refuted
Constantine’s Contributions to Christianity
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