CHRISTIANITY text in purple for notes Voorhees The student will - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CHRISTIANITY

text in purple for notes

Voorhees

The student will apply social science skills to understand the development

• f Christianity by

 a) describing the origins, beliefs, traditions,

customs, and spread of Christianity in time and place;

Era ra II; ; Un Unit t 7 WHI.7 I.7 CH CHRI RISTI STIANITY ANITY

I.

• I. The

he Bas asics: cs:

A.

• A. Monotheism

notheism

B.

• B. Founder=

under= Je Jesus us Chr hrist ist

C.

• C. Je

Jesus us is the he So Son of God

D.

• D. Li

Life e af after r deat ath

Jesus of Nazareth

 The birth of Jesus

• c. 4 B.C. (BCE)

 Born during the

reign of Herod the Great, the last king of a united Judea

Jesus of Nazareth

 Jesus is presented at the Temple c. 9 – 13 CE (CE)  Possibly at Jesus’ coming of age ceremony (Bar

Mitzvah)

Jesus of Nazareth

 The Baptism of Jesus c.

28 - 30 CE (CE)

 Precedes Jesus public

ministry

 John the Baptist is

beheaded by Herod Antipas (son of Herod the Great)

 John was a vocal critic of

Herod

Jesus of Nazareth

 The beginning of Jesus’

ministry c. 28 – 30 CE

 According to tradition

Jesus preceded his ministry with a forty day fast in the desert where he is tempted

Jesus of Nazareth  Jesus calls his

Twelve Disciples

Jesus of Nazareth

 The Sermon on the Mount  Considered one of the critical moments for

defining the basic tenets of Christian belief

Jesus of Nazareth

 Born during the Pax Romana

during the height of Rome’s power

 Grew up in a province well

known for resisting foreign rule

 Although not of aristocratic

birth does seem to have been accepted by a wide range of social classes, including some Romans

Jesus of Nazareth

 The Last Supper c. 30 – 34 B.C.  Jesus and his followers go to Jerusalem for the

Passover celebration

Jesus of Nazareth

 Jesus put on trial by

the Sanhedrin at the Temple and the turned

• ver to the Roman

governor Pontius Pilate for execution

Jesus of Nazareth

 After being beaten and

tortured Jesus is marched to Calvary for public execution

Jesus of Nazareth

 Jesus is crucified on

“Good Friday”

 Crucifixion a common

Roman technique for punishing criminals who are not Roman citizens, particularly if they are seen as a threat to public order

Jesus of Nazareth

 Jesus is removed from the

cross by his family and followers and is buried in the tomb of Nicodemus, a member

• f the Sanhedrin

 The body of Jesus is interred

• n the evening of “Good

Friday”

 Roman allowed the bodies of

criminals to be removed but usually only after a bribe was paid

Jesus of Nazareth

 According to Christian

belied Jesus stays in the tomb on Saturday (the Jewish Sabbath) and rises from the dead on Easter Sunday

 His empty tomb is

discovered by Mary who leads Peter and the other disciples there later

Jesus of Nazareth

 According to

Christian tradition Jesus ascends to heaven after appearing to his followers

E. . Paul l th the e Apos

• stle

tle- 1st

st missi

ssiona

• nary

ry

 c. 35 CE (CE)- Conversion of Paul  45 – 64 CE (CE)– Paul’s ministry to Cyprus, Asia

Minor, and Greece

Simon Peter

 c. 64 CE (CE)– First

persecution of Christians by Nero

 Both Paul and Peter

were probably executed in Rome at this time

The Gospels

 c. 60 – 100 CE (CE)

The Writing of the Four Gospels

The Christian Church begins formalizing

 c. 180 CE – First

version of the Apostle’s creed, the formal adoption of baptism, and the formal

• rganization of bishops

Fourth Century: 301-400 CE

 Edi

dict ct of

• f Mil

ilan an

 313 CE –

Con

• nstan

stantin tine e giv ives s Christia ristianity nity for

• rmal

mal to toleration eration

Fourth Century: 301-400 CE

 325 CE – Cou

• uncil

il of

• f Nic

icaea (1st Ecumenical Conference)

 325-381 CE – Ar

Aria ian Con

• ntrove
• versy

rsy; defining the nature of the Trinity

 374-397 CE – Ambrose,

Bishop of Milan established as an advisor to the emperor (One of the “Church Fathers”)

 Don

• nati

tism sm- a schism and conflict with Rome, as they considered themselves the true Church

The student will apply social science skills to understand the development

• f Christianity by

 b) explaining the unifying role of the Church

in Europe after the collapse of Rome;

• II. Impact of the Church of Rome in

the late Roman Empire

• A. The Emperor Constantine converted to

Christianity and made it legal.

• B. Christianity later became the official state

religion.

• C. The Church became a source of moral

authority.

• D. The Church became the main unifying

force of Western Europe.

• E. Heresies such as Arianism and Donatism

sometimes divided Christians.

Fifth Century: 401-500 CE

 476 CE – “Fall of Rome”  498 CE – Under

leadership of Clovis the Germanic tribes begin converting

Sixth Century 501- 600 CE

• c. 527-565 CE – Byzantine Emperor Justinian

attempts to reunify Rome as a Christian Empire

Seventh Century: 601-700 CE

 622-732 – Expansion of

Islam

 both the Christian

Byzantine Empire and Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europe feel threatened

Eighth and Ninth Centuries “The Dark Ages”: 701-900 CE

 726-843 CE – Iconoclast controversy

 Byzantine leaders debate (and fight)

• ver the use of icons in worship

Eighth and Ninth Centuries “The Dark Ages”: 701-900 CE

 800 CE – Charlemagne

crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” and the “Donation of Constantine” proclaimed

 Pope Leo III attempted

to shift power and authority away from the Byzantines toward Rome and Charlemagne

Eighth and Ninth Centuries “The Dark Ages”: 701-900 CE

 863 CE – Methodius

begins conversion of Russia

 Russia looks to Eastern

“Orthodox” Christian, not Rome for spiritual guidance

 Methodius’ brother Cyril

is credited with creating the Slavic “Cyrillic” alphabet and translating the Bible into Russian

Tenth Century: 901-1000 CE

 962 CE – Otto the Great reforms the Holy

Roman Empire; partnership between the emperor and the pope

The student will apply social science skills to understand the development

• f Christianity by

 c) sequencing events related to the spread

and influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church throughout Europe.

• III. Influence of the Roman

Catholic Church

Vocabulary:

 unifying  secular  monastery  preserve  Greco-Roman  Germanic  anoint

 The Roman Catholic Church

grew in importance after Roman authority declined

The Church became the unifying force in Western Europe:

A) Secular authority declined, while church authority grew

UNIFYING FORCE!!

B) monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements

UNIFYING FORCE!!

C) Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes

UNIFYING FORCE!!

D) The pope anointed Charlemagne Emperor in 800 A.D. (C.E.)

UNIFYING FORCE!!

E) Parish priests served religious and social needs of the people

Eleventh Century: 1001-1100 CE

 1054

54 CE – The Great Schis ism; for

• rmal

l split it be between en Rom

• me and

Con

• nstantin

antinop

• ple

le

Eleventh Century: 1001-1100 CE

 1095-1099 CE – Pope Urban II organized

the First Crusade

Gothic Cathedrals

Reims ims Cathedr edral, l, France e – 1200’s Clogn gne e Cathedr edral, l, Germany ny – 1200’-1800’s

Eleventh Century: 1001-1100 CE

 1232 CE – The Inquisition

established to fight heretics

Heretics

Fourteenth Century: 1301-1400 CE

 1309-1377 CE – “Babylonian Captivity”; papacy

moves to Avignon, France

 c. 1350’s CE – “Black Death” sweeps Europe  1378-1415 CE – “The Great Schism”; multiple men

claim to be pope

 1384 CE – Lollard Movement (John Wycliffe); early

“protestant” movement

 It’s a bad time to be pope

Fifteenth Century: 1401-1500 CE

 1415 CE – Jan Hus burned at the stake for spreading

Lollardism

 1453 CE – Ottomans capture Constantinople,

Byzantine Empire collapses

 1492 CE – Reconquista ends in Spain

Sixteenth Century: 1501-1600 CE

1506 CE – Rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica 1509 CE – Erasmus publishes The Praise of

Folly, calling for reform

1517 CE – Martin Luther posts The Ninety-

Five Theses starting the Protestant Reformation

1521 CE – Luther is excommunicated

• ST. PETER’S BASILICA
• In 1506 CE Pope Julius II commissioned Renaissance

architect Donato Bramante to design the basilica

• Bramante died before completing the church- then

worked on by several architects until Florentine artist Michelangelo took over the commission in 1546 CE

• Michelangelo simplified and unified the architectural

elements of Bramante’s plan

Sixteenth Century: 1501-1600 CE

 c. 1520

20-1530 1530 CE – Re Reformation rmation spr preads ads thr hrough

• ugh Nort

rthern hern Eur urope pe

 1534 CE – Henry VIII breaks with Rome  1545-1547 CE – Council of Trent starts

the Counter Reformation

 1555 CE – Peace of Augsburg attempts to

end religious fighting in Germany

Luther- excommunicated

Sixteenth Century: 1501-1600 CE

 1559 CE – Queen

Elizabeth I formally established the Church

• f England

 1589 CE – Moscow

becomes center of Orthodox Christianity

 1598 CE– Edict of

Nantes grants Huguenots toleration

Seventeenth Century: 1601-1700 CE

 c. 1600 CE - Jesuits

established in Japan, China, and South America

 1611 CE – King James Bible  1618-1648 CE – Thirty Years

War; last major religious war in Europe

 1647 CE – “Society of

Friends” (Quakers) founded

Eighteenth Century: 1701-1800 CE

 1726 CE – “The Great

Awakening”; development of the Methodist Church

 1751-1765 CE – Diderot’s

Encyclopaedia; criticism of

• rganized religion

 1789 CE – U.S. Constitution

and Bill of Rights establish separation of church and state

Twentieth Century: 1901-2000 CE

 1917 CE – Bolshevik

Revolution in Russia; beginning

• f “state atheism”

 1929 CE – Mother Teresa

begins work with the poor of India

 1948 CE – World Council of

Churches founded (Ecumenism)

 1949 CE – Billy Graham begins

his “Crusades”

Twentieth Century: 1901-2000 CE

 1958-1963 CE – Pope John XXIII begins reform of

Catholic Church and ecumenism

 1961 CE – Orthodox Churches join the World

Council of Churches

 1978 CE – Pope John Paul II  Pope Benedict  lawsuits  Pope Francis 2013

Branches of Christianity

Global Chr hris isti tianity ity To Toda day

 North America, South America,

Europe, Central and South Africa, Australia, Russia

CHRISTIANITY

• The End

REVIEW QUIZ

Now it is time for…

• 1. Origins of Christianity

a) Had its roots in Judaism b) Was led by Jesus of Nazareth, who was

proclaimed the Messiah

c) Conflicted with polytheistic beliefs of

Roman Empire

d) All of the above

• 2. Beliefs, traditions, and

practices of Christianity

a) Polytheism b) Monotheism c) Paul as both Son and incarnation of God d) Reincarnation

• 3. Beliefs, traditions, and

practices of Christianity

a) Five Pillars b) Old T

estament, exclusively

c) No church councils d) New T

estament and early Christian writings

• 4. Beliefs, traditions, and

practices of Christianity

a) Life after death b) Old T

estament, containing accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus, as well as writings of early Christians

c) Christian doctrines established by

Islamic priests

d) Sacrificing humans

• 5. Not how Christianity spread

a) Popularity of the message b) Early martyrs inspired others c) Forceful conquest d) Carried by the Apostles, including Paul,

throughout the Roman Empire

• 6. Not an Impact of the Church of

Rome in the late Roman Empire

a) From the beginning, emperors were

Christians

b) Christianity later became the official state

religion.

c) The Church became the main unifying

force of Western Europe.

d) Heresies such as Arianism and Donatism

sometimes divided Christians.

• 7. Impact of the Church of Rome

in the late Roman Empire

a) The Emperor Diocletian converted to

Christianity and made it legal.

b) Judaism later became the official state

religion.

c) The Church became a source of moral

authority.

d) The Church became the main dividing

force of Western Europe.

• 8. Influence of the Roman

Catholic Church

a) Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin

alphabet to Germanic tribes.

b) Secular authority grew, while Church

authority declined.

c) Monasteries preserved Chinese cultural

achievements.

d) The Pope anointed Constantine Emperor

in 800 A.D. (C.E.)

• 9. Influence of the Roman

Catholic Church

a) Emperors pushed Christianity out of the

Roman Empire

b) Parish priests served religious and social

needs of the people.

c) Monks were the first missionaries d) Monks carried pizza and Latin alphabet to

Germanic tribes.

• 10. Not an Influence of the

Roman Catholic Church

a) Secular authority declined, while Church

authority grew.

b) Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman

cultural achievements.

c) Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin

alphabet to Germanic tribes.

d) Popes had less and less power

REVIEW QUIZ

Now it is time for…

• 1. Origins of Christianity

a) Had its roots in Judaism b) Was led by Jesus of Nazareth, who was

proclaimed the Messiah

c) Conflicted with polytheistic beliefs of

Roman Empire

d) All of the above

• 2. Beliefs, traditions, and

practices of Christianity

a) Polytheism b) Monotheism c) Paul as both Son and incarnation of God d) Reincarnation

• 3. Beliefs, traditions, and

practices of Christianity

a) Five Pillars b) Old T

estament, exclusively

c) No church councils d) New T

estament and early Christian writings

• 4. Beliefs, traditions, and

practices of Christianity

a) Life after death b) Old T

estament, containing accounts of the life and teachings of Jesus, as well as writings of early Christians

c) Christian doctrines established by

Islamic priests

d) Sacrificing humans

• 5. Not how Christianity spread

a) Popularity of the message b) Early martyrs inspired others c) Forceful conquest d) Carried by the Apostles, including Paul,

throughout the Roman Empire

• 6. Not an Impact of the Church of

Rome in the late Roman Empire

a) From the beginning, emperors were

Christians

b) Christianity later became the official state

religion.

c) The Church became the main unifying

force of Western Europe.

d) Heresies such as Arianism and Donatism

sometimes divided Christians.

• 7. Impact of the Church of Rome

in the late Roman Empire

a) The Emperor Diocletian converted to

Christianity and made it legal.

b) Judaism later became the official state

religion.

c) The Church became a source of moral

authority.

d) The Church became the main dividing

force of Western Europe.

• 8. Influence of the Roman

Catholic Church

a) Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin

alphabet to Germanic tribes.

b) Secular authority grew, while Church

authority declined.

c) Monasteries preserved Chinese cultural

achievements.

d) The Pope anointed Constantine Emperor

in 800 A.D. (C.E.)

• 9. Influence of the Roman

Catholic Church

a) Emperors pushed Christianity out of the

Roman Empire

b) Parish priests served religious and social

needs of the people.

c) Monks were the first missionaries d) Monks carried pizza and Latin alphabet to

Germanic tribes.

• 10. Not an Influence of the

Roman Catholic Church

a) Secular authority declined, while Church

authority grew.

b) Monasteries preserved Greco-Roman

cultural achievements.

c) Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin

alphabet to Germanic tribes.

d) Popes had less and less power