AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF ANGLICAN CHRISTIANITY Did Henry - - PDF document

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AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF ANGLICAN CHRISTIANITY

Did Henry VIII really start the Church of England?

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Christianity Arrives in the British Isles

A Movement On the Move

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Evolving Leadership

JESUS

Linus Cletus Clement Polycarp Simeon Ignatius

APOSTLES BISHOPS

Irenaeus Justus Pothinius Evaristus

Peter James John OTHERS

Early Celtic Christianity

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A Unique Tradition

Celtic Christianity was unique in its

• focus on monasticism
• being less hierarchical
• distinct monastic tonsure
• different penitential routine
• different date of Easter
• simpler baptismal rite
• unique tradition of “living in exile” for Christ

Early Celtic Martyrs

• St. Aaron & St. Julius

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Other Celtic Saints

• St. Patrick
• St. Brigid
• St. Columba

Iona Abbey

• St. Columba traveled to an island off of

Scotland and established Iona Abbey there

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• St. Augustine Arrives
• In 597, the Pope sent Augustine with other

missionaries to establish churches in Britain

• He succeeded in converting the Kingdom of

Northumbria

• He established

his diocese at Canterbury

• St. Augustine & the Celts
• St. Augustine was successful in establishing

new churches and growing the church.

• But, many of the

pre-existing Celtic bishops would not recognize his authority

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• St. Augustine & the Celts
• St. Augustine was successful in establishing

new churches and growing the church.

• But, many of the

pre-existing Celtic bishops would not recognize his authority

The Romanizing of Britain

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Synod at Whitby

• The Kingdom of Northumbria now followed

the Roman practices

• After the death of King Edwin, King Oswald

inherits the throne

• King Oswald grew up at Iona while in exile as a

youth; like the Ionans, he followed the Celtic practices

• King Oswald marries Eanfled of Bernicia, who

followed the Roman practices as well

Synod at Whitby

• Can you have a King and Queen

that observed different forms of Christianity and celebrate Easter at different times?

• The King sets up synod at the

monastery of Hilda to settle the

• matter. Bishop Colman advocates

for the Ionan tradition; Wilfrid advocates for the Roman tradition.

• Ultimately the Roman tradition

wins out and the Ionan/Celtic tradition is suppressed

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Moving Towards An English Reformation

Those Defiant Brits

• In 1306, Edward I’s Parliament rules

that no religious tax can be sent out

• f the country
• In 1351, Edward III’s Parliament rules

that the Pope has no authority over English property

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Those Defiant Brits

• In 1353, the same Parliament rules no citizen

may appeal to any higher power outside of England (i.e. the Pope): “that the right of recovering the presentments to churches, prebends, and

• ther benefices … belongeth only to the

king’s court of the old right of his crown, used and approved in the time of all his progenitors kings of England”

Pre-Reformation Figures

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King Henry VIII

• 1491, Henry is born
• 1501, Henry’s brother

Arthur marries Catherine

• f Aragon
• 1502, Arthur dies
• 1505, the Pope grants a

dispensation so Henry can marry Catherine.

• 1509, Henry’s father dies

King Henry VIII

• 1509, Henry marries

Catherine

• 1509, weeks later he

becomes King.

• 1511, a son is born but

dies 52 days later

• 1513, a 2nd son is

stillborn

• 1514, another son

is stillborn

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King Henry VIII

• 1516, Mary is born
• 1521, Pope Leo X declares

Henry “Fidei Defensor”

• 1527, Henry petitions the

Pope Clement VII for an annulment (it was denied)

• 1528, Henry openly begins

a relationship with Anne Boleyn

King Henry VIII

• 1528, Henry continues

to negotiate for an annulment

• 1529, it becomes clear

the Pope will not budge

• 1532, Henry appoints

Thomas Cranmer as the new Archbishop of Canterbury

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King Henry VIII

• 1532, Henry secretly

marries Anne Boleyn

• 1533, Archbishop Cranmer

rules that Henry’s marriage to Catherine was invalid & that his marriage to Anne is valid

• 1533, Elizabeth is born

King Henry VIII

• 1533, Henry passes the

First Act of Succession

• 1534, Parliament’s 2nd

Act of Succession declares the Church of England independent of Rome and declares the King to be the head of the Church

• Pope Clement excommunicates Henry & Cranmer

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The English Church in Reformation

The Church under Henry

• All services still in Latin
• The Church and its theology virtually

unchanged

• Confession still compulsory
• Transubstantiation and Purgatory still taught
• Celibacy still required for clergy
• Private masses still continue

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King Edward VI

• After Henry’s death in 1547, Edward becomes

King at age 16

• Edward’s advisors are very Protestant
• The Church of England begins to

become more Protestant:

– The vernacular used in churches – A new English Prayer Book – The Articles of Religion are published – Changes in Rites & Theology

Queen Mary

• In 1553, when Edward dies, Mary becomes

queen

• She restores things to the way they were:

– Country is Roman Catholic again – Protestant-minded clergy are deposed, some even executed – All liturgical and church changes are undone

• Mary dies childless in 1558

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Queen Elizabeth I

• In 1558, Elizabeth becomes queen
• She tries to find a compromise, so

Catholic-minded and Protestant-minded people can remain together in the same independent Church

• f England
• A new Prayer Book is issued

in 1559

• Revised Articles of Religion are

published in 1563

The American Church

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Religion in the Colonies

• The Church of England

comes to America as English colonies are established.

• 1607, the first mission

at Jamestown, VA

• American missions are under the authority of the

Bishop of London—although he never visited

• Clergy must travel to England to be ordained,

generations go unconfirmed in America

The Revolution

• 1776, Declaration of

Independence

• Many clergy are loyalists
• By necessity, the

American church must become independent too

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Birth of the American Church

• 1784, Samuel Seabury sent to

Scotland to be ordained a Bishop

• 1789, the Episcopal Church
• rganized in Philadelphia.
• 1789, a revised American

Prayer Book is adopted

A Revolutionary Church

• Absalom Jones ordained as first black priest

in 1804

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A Revolutionary Church

• First monastic community in Anglicanism after

the Reformation is established in Valley Crucis, NC in 1847

A Revolutionary Church

• Many Episcopalians were actively involved in

fighting segregation and discrimination during the Civil Rights Movement

• One bold seminarian

Jonathan Daniels, dies while doing so in 1965

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A Revolutionary Church

• In 1976, 11 women were ordained—in

violation of the canons—in Philadelphia, paving the way for women’s ordination (England would not ordain women until 1994)

A Revolutionary Church

• A completely revised

Prayer Book, with much original material, is adopted in 1979

• It represents the first

significant departure from the 1662 BCP text

• It inspires prayer books in other provinces in the

world

• Other denominations also borrow from its liturgies

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A Revolutionary Church

• Barbara Harris becomes

the first female bishop,

• rdained as an assisting

bishop in Boston, in 1989

A Revolutionary Church

• Gene Robinson is

consecrated as a bishop, making him the first-ever

• penly gay man to serve as

bishop in any church

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A Revolutionary Church

• Katharine Jefferts Schori is

elected Presiding Bishop in 2006 and becomes the first- ever Primate (national head) of an Anglican province