The anthropogenic impact of cross-borders water resources - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Israel Syria Palestinian Authority Lebanon Jordan

The anthropogenic impact of cross-borders water resources development on the water quality of the Jordan River

Eilon M. Adar & Sylvie Massoth

eilon@bgu.ac.il

Sea of Galilee Yarmuk River

The Sea of Galilee - The only natural fresh water reservoir in the Middle East

The Jordan River basin is a cross-borders trans-boundary basin shared by Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Palestinian Authority and Israel. Salt & brines carrier 20M/y Upper Jordan river 500-600M/y Flood in the Yarmuk river 250-550M/y

Water Budget

Jordan River Jordan River

Winter Floods (surplus)

80-120M/y 250-350M/y National water carrier 250-350M/y

Jordan River Basin

Sea of Galilee Dead Sea

North South Central

The Jordan Valley Basin

Sea of Galilee Dead Sea

480Mm3 Yarmouk River ~450 Mm3

Wadi Arab ~28 Mm3 Zarka River ~65 Mm3

~1,250-1,370 Mm3 Historical flow rates

Sewage+ Brines 27 Amman waste water 30-40 Irrigation 60-70 MCM Sea of Galilee Dead Sea King Talal dam Irrigation from west ~30 MCM

• D. dam

Adasiya D. King Abdalla Canal (~150)

27 27M/y 38M/y 60 -200 MCM 35

Current Jordan River flow !

Water Sources & Water Quality of the Lower Jordan River

Sea

• f

Galilee

Dead Sea

Study area

Effluents (industrial, domestic, fish ponds etc.) Irrigation-subsurface return flow (drains) Springs Streams Seepage from shallow aquifers

Identifying & Quantifying the Current Sources !

The Mixing Cells Modeling (MCM) concept Water Balance Expression

1 1 1

) 1 (

    

  

   n n J j nj R r I i in rn

S W q q Q

n n n

All potential sources are identified

n n n J j nj R r I i in rn

S W q q Q

n n n

     

  

   1 1 1

) 2 (

Leakage from the clay & marls formations

qn1

Wn

Mass Balance Expression

nk I i J j n n nj nk in ink R r rn rk

S W q C q C Q C            

 

   1 1 1

) 3 (

rn rkQ

C

ink

C

ink

C

nk

C

Every source is designated by a unique hydro-chemical composition

nK I i J j n n nj nK in inK R r rn rK nk I i J j n n nj nk in ink R r rn rk nk I i J j n n nj nk in ink R r rn rk nk I i J j n n nj nk in ink R r rn rk n n J j nj R r I i in rn

S W q C q C Q C S W q C q C Q C S W q C q C Q C S W q C q C Q C W q q Q

n n n

                                                    

              

               1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1

) 4 (

   

Mass Balance Expressions Water Balance Expression

n n n n

E P X C  

) 5 (

     

n J n I n R K

nK nK InK nK i nK i RnK nK r nK r nk nk Ink nk i nk i Rnk nk r nk r nk nk Ink nk i nk i Rnk nk r nk r n

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

   

                          

1 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 , , 1 , 1 , , 1 , 1 , 1 , , 1 , 1

) 6 (

                   

   

1 ) 7 (

2 1 2 1 2 1

  

                                            

n J n I n R

n n n

nJ nj nj I i i R r r n

q q q q q q Q Q Q X   

   

1 1 ) 8 (

3 2 1

 

                           

K

n n nK n n nk n n nk n n nk n n n

S W C S W C S W C S W C S W P 

    1 1 ) 9 (

3 2 1

 



K

nK nk nk nk n n

E      

 

 

 

 

     

N n n n n n n n N n n T

P X C P X C E E J

1 1

) ( ) (

) (10

Sampling stations (north)

Uri Shavit

Technion, Haifa, Israel

Avner Vengosh

Ben Gurion University, Israel Duke University, NC USA Hydro-chemical & Isotopes Data

Efrat Farber

Ben Gurion University, Israel

River input Cell

JR-67 –Yarmouk River

JR-70 JR-69 JR-68 JR-68 A JR-64 Cell-65 JR-62 JR-54 B1 B4 B6 Bore hole

Modeling (north)

Sampling stations (south)

Farber et al. 2004

Modeling (south)

JR

• 53
• Jordan River Input

River input Cell Source Cell

• 1

Cell

• 2

Cell

• 3

Cell

• 4

Cell

• 5

MCM Results for single compartments/segments along the Lower Jordan Valley

Average hydro-chemical and isotopic data for the winter (September 2000-February 2001) and summer (March 2001-August 2001). Alumot Bridge

• : Results for the upper Jordan River at Alumot dam

1 Cell

Cell Source winter 00-01 summer 01 %cell inflow % diff. %cell inflow % diff. Cell_4 Gesher 1.60% 3.32% Cell_3 77.3 97.2 W.Surf.Inflow_12 5

• Naharayim

22.7 2.93

Zur el mandase Allenby Bridge Gilgal Adam Bridge Zarzir Station 79.5% Zarqa River 6.3 Aqraa .6% Abu Mayyala 4.5% Mallah Gdeida 7.9% Wadi el Ah'mar 0.6% Uga Melecha 0.1% Rassif 0.6% Mallaha

103.1

Gibton 21.3% Zur el mandase Allenby Bridge Gilgal Tovlan Station Adam Bridge Rajib Seebiya Zarqa River 14.9% Aqraa 0.2%, 0.3% Abu Mayyala 5.1% Tirtcha Uper 11.8% Wadi el Ah'mar 0.2% Mallaha 1.3%, 1.1% Uga Melecha 22.0%, 18.5% Wadi Hawwaya 0.8% Mallah Gdeida 2.6%

The MCMsf Model enabled to assess the current fluxes and discharge of water sources along the Jordan River !

Thank you for your attention Eilon Adar (eilon@bgu.ac.il)