11/30/18 PQ12: Use our form only! in class < 25 min no PQ! we - - PDF document

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11/30/18 PQ12: Use our form only! in class < 25 min no PQ! we - - PDF document

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11/30/18 PQ12: Use our form only! in class < 25 min no PQ! we check ID! SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans 1 11/30/18 acid

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

PQ12: Use our form only! in class < 25 min – no PQ! we check ID!

SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

coal seam acid streams

SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

acid streams

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans source: Wikipedia SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: “Understanding Earth” by Press/Siever

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: “Earth, Portrait of a planet” by Marshak Image: http://en.wikipedia.org SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: “Earth, Portrait of a planet” by Marshak

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Source: Science News, 3/3/18 SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

6% residential coal burning 10% industrial; power generation 10% diesel engines, industrial 14% diesel engines, transportation 18% residential biofuel burning 42% open biomass burning work done at SIO (Ramanathan)

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Source: wikipedia

EU PM10 legislation limits: yearly average: 20µg/m3 daily average: 50µg/m3 # days: 7

SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: wikipedia

China: 101 Shenyang 121 Beijing 124 Xining 126 Xi’an 133 Ürümqi 155 Lanzhou China: 55 Yanan 56 Beijing 57 Xining 58 Xi’an 61 Ürümqi 71 Lanzhou EU PM10 legislation limits: yearly average: 20µg/m3 daily average: 50µg/m3 # days: 7

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

PQ12: Use our form only! in class < 25 min – no PQ! we check ID!

SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

  • PCB (phased out in 1970s but long-lived)

(polychlorinated biphenyl)

PCB: pesticides paints plastics flame retardant transformers

causes cancer!

Mercury (Hg) in tuna: tuna is a predator/high on food chain accumulated Hg

attacks nervous system

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

chain reaction

U-235

PROS

  • heralded in the 1950s
  • tiny amount of matter produces

large amounts of energy

  • no greenhouse gases

San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant

SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

CONS

  • long-term storage of used fuel rods

(half-life of some material 25,000 yrs)

  • accidents/earthquakes
  • Pu production and civil security

Carbon footprint Never discussed!

San Onofre Nuclear Power Plant

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: USGS

current EPA threshold for infants: 10 mg/l Other thresholds: Germany: 50mg/l Switzerland: 25mg/l 20mg/l bad for cows

  • blue baby syndrome due to nitrate in drinking water
  • nitrate -> nitrite (particularly babies and sick)
  • lack of oxygen in blood
  • levels in Europe so high that bottled water recommended
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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans Image: USGS SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

… think not only food but also biofuels …..

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SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

dinoflagellate research done at SIO diatoms vs dinoflagellates

Nov 21, 2015: CA, WA, OR delay crab season b/c toxic red tide

SIO15-18: Lecture 24:Anthropogenic Changes: Atmosphere, Ground, Oceans

DDT (dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane)

  • 1. modern insecticide

(malaria, typhus) also used in agriculture

  • 2. “safe in humans”

…. but …..

  • 3. DISASTROUS TO BIRDS

California Brown Pelican

  • shells too thin for chicks to hatch
  • close to extinction 1980s

phased out in 1970s but still used (Bald Eagle also threatened)