The African National Congress (ANC) Its origins and means of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The African National Congress (ANC)

Its origins and means of resistance

Some facts you should know

1994 : ANC elected 1990 : ANC unbanned 1960 : ANC outlawed 1948 : Daniel Malan (Afrikaner) represents the National Party 1912 : ANC founded 1910 : South Africa is now ruled by GB

Origins

• Beginning : South Africa Act (1909), Colour Bar
• Creation of the organisation SANNC by Saul Msane (church), Josiah Gumede (politician), John

Dube (intellectual), Pixley ka Isaka Seme (lawyer) and Sol Plaatje (intellectual) : mix between traditional/modern elements - yet women came later

• 1923 : the SANNC becomes the ANC
• Aim of the party : African assimilationist movement = to defend rights and freedom of all black

South Africans

Means of resistance : non-violent period (until 1960)

• Maintain a dialogue between black community and government
• White supremacy getting worse
• everything non-violent : creation of the ANC Youth League (1944), India and Gandhi are taken as

models

• looking for international support

Means of resistance : violent period (1960-1990)

• 1948 : National Party = 317 segregative laws
• 1952 : non-violent protest (yet violating oppressive laws)
• 1958 : call for boycott
• 1960 : plan against Pass Laws, ends with Sharpeville massacre (69 killed, ANC outlawed)
• 1961 : creation of a military wing
• 60’s : people sent to jail for violent actions (Mandela in 1962 for sabotage)
• 70’s-80’s : important members of the ANC = exile, targeted killings, bombs, attacks against

military zones : make the townships "ungovernable"

• financial support by the USSR

Finally

The attacks + international pressure + western countries changed their mind after end of USSR + ANC adopted a more peaceful tone = de Klerk unbanned the ANC in 1990

The state against Mandela and the others