The African National Congress (ANC) Its origins and means of - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The African National Congress (ANC) Its origins and means of resistance

Some facts you should know 1948 : Daniel Malan 1990 : ANC (Afrikaner) represents 1910 : South Africa is unbanned the National Party now ruled by GB 1912 : ANC founded 1960 : ANC outlawed 1994 : ANC elected

Origins - Beginning : South Africa Act (1909), Colour Bar - Creation of the organisation SANNC by Saul Msane (church), Josiah Gumede (politician), John Dube (intellectual), Pixley ka Isaka Seme (lawyer) and Sol Plaatje (intellectual) : mix between traditional/modern elements - yet women came later - 1923 : the SANNC becomes the ANC - Aim of the party : African assimilationist movement = to defend rights and freedom of all black South Africans

Means of resistance : non-violent period (until 1960) - Maintain a dialogue between black community and government - White supremacy getting worse - everything non-violent : creation of the ANC Youth League (1944), India and Gandhi are taken as models - looking for international support

Means of resistance : violent period (1960-1990) - 1948 : National Party = 317 segregative laws - 1952 : non-violent protest (yet violating oppressive laws ) - 1958 : call for boycott - 1960 : plan against Pass Laws , ends with Sharpeville massacre (69 killed, ANC outlawed) - 1961 : creation of a military wing - 60’s : people sent to jail for violent actions (Mandela in 1962 for sabotage ) - 70’s-80’s : important members of the ANC = exile , targeted killings, bombs, attacks against military zones : make the townships "ungovernable" - financial support by the USSR

Finally The attacks + international pressure + western countries changed their mind after end of USSR + ANC adopted a more peaceful tone = de Klerk unbanned the ANC in 1990

The state against Mandela and the others