The Absence of Governance: The Absence of Governance: Climate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Absence of Governance: The Absence of Governance: Climate Change Policy in Climate Change Policy in Canada & the United States Canada & the United States

Barry G. Rabe Barry G. Rabe Gerald Ford School of Public Policy Gerald Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan University of Michigan

Areas of Agreement Areas of Agreement

• Severe threats to regions in both nations

Severe threats to regions in both nations

• Robust and interactive science communities

Robust and interactive science communities

• Approximately 30% of global emissions

Approximately 30% of global emissions

• Early bi

Early bi-

• national engagement (1988, 1992) and

national engagement (1988, 1992) and mutual mutual signing signing of Kyoto

• f Kyoto
• Subsequent national disengagement

Subsequent national disengagement

• Default through decentralization

Default through decentralization

• No bi

No bi-

• national institutional leader

national institutional leader

Points of Divergence Points of Divergence

• Kyoto: Canada ratifies

Kyoto: Canada ratifies---

• --and ignores (+26%)

and ignores (+26%)

• Kyoto: US spurns (+15%)

Kyoto: US spurns (+15%)

• Provinces: Maximum authority, minimal policy

Provinces: Maximum authority, minimal policy

• States: Moderate authority, major policy

States: Moderate authority, major policy

• Cap

Cap-

• and

and-

• trade

trade

• RPS and energy efficiency

RPS and energy efficiency

• Vehicle emission standards

Vehicle emission standards

• Statewide reduction targets

Statewide reduction targets

• Suing the feds

Suing the feds

American State Policy Development American State Policy Development

Canadian Provincial Policy Canadian Provincial Policy Development Development

Sub Sub-

• federal Cap & Trade Policies

federal Cap & Trade Policies

Sub Sub-

• federal

federal RPSs RPSs

Possible Points of Convergence Possible Points of Convergence

• Cross

Cross-

• border diffusion, Canada

border diffusion, Canada-

• style (BC,

style (BC, perhaps Manitoba and Quebec) perhaps Manitoba and Quebec)

• Federal governments

Federal governments scrutinize scrutinize cap & trade cap & trade

• Provincial

Provincial-

• State Partnerships emerge

State Partnerships emerge

• BC/MB enter WCI

BC/MB enter WCI

• MB enters MRGGRA

MB enters MRGGRA

• Powering the Plains

Powering the Plains

• ECP/NEG

ECP/NEG

Case for Expanded Cooperation Case for Expanded Cooperation

• Intensive state policy development along

Intensive state policy development along Canadian border Canadian border

• Energy interconnectedness

Energy interconnectedness

• North

North-

• south movement

south movement

• Limiting leakage and sinks

Limiting leakage and sinks

• Renewable energy promotion or protection

Renewable energy promotion or protection

• RPS and related barriers

RPS and related barriers

• North America as an international leader??

North America as an international leader??

Case Against Expanded Case Against Expanded Collaboration Collaboration

• Lack of an institutional home or leader

Lack of an institutional home or leader

• Limited cross

Limited cross-

• border policy discussions

border policy discussions (Congressional hearings) (Congressional hearings)

• Policy capacity gap (mezzo

Policy capacity gap (mezzo-

• level staffing)

level staffing)

• Different policy styles (regulation v.

Different policy styles (regulation v. voluntarism v. cap & trade) voluntarism v. cap & trade)

• Protection of

Protection of ‘ ‘home home-

• grown

grown’ ’ energy sources energy sources and technologies and technologies

Where to Begin Where to Begin

• Lessons: RGGI, EU, Australia

Lessons: RGGI, EU, Australia-

• New Zealand

New Zealand

• Expansion of regional experiments

Expansion of regional experiments

• Toward a common framework

Toward a common framework

• Common reporting metrics

Common reporting metrics

• Common definition of renewable energy and REC

Common definition of renewable energy and REC mechanisms mechanisms

• Interactive cap & trade provisions

Interactive cap & trade provisions

• Thinking outside the box: New Bi

Thinking outside the box: New Bi-

• National or

National or Continental Institution 100 years after IBWT that Continental Institution 100 years after IBWT that focuses upon climate? focuses upon climate?