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REMOVING PERSONNEL

From Arc Flash Hazards

Discussion the basis for remote racking as an arc flash mitigation strategy.

• inoLECT Intro
• Incident Energy (Arc Flash) & Risk Assessment (70E)
• Incident Energy Mitigation
• Mitigation Technique: Universal Remote Racking
• Applications
• Recommended Specifications
• Q&A - Submit via chat!

Overview

inoLECT Our mission is to help our clients improve electrical safety and reliability.

UNIVERSAL REMOTE RACKING - EVOLUTION

Incident Energy (Arc Flash) – Definition & Causes

NFPA 70E defines 'Arc Flash' as a dangerous condition associates with the possible release of energy caused by an electric arc.

• Equipment failure due to lack of

maintenance, use of substandard repair parts, improper installation, or even normal wear and tear

• Dropping a tool or conductive object across

conductors

• Breaks or gaps in insulation
• Dust, corrosion or other impurities on or

between the surface of conductors

• Human Error

Hazards

• Electric Arcing Temps. (35,000⁰F) - Rapid Expansion of

Air & Intense Light

• Molten Metal – Copper Vapor Expands 67,000 Times &

Creates Inhalation Hazard

• Mechanical Hazards – Shrapnel, Sound & Pressure

Waves Cause Loss of Hearing & Concussive Forces

• Key Energy Levels: 1.2 Cal/Cm2 - 2nd Degree Burn

|| 10.7 Cal/cm2 - 3rd Degree Burn || 4-5 Cal/Cm2 – Ignition of Non-FR Clothing

• 80% of electrical-related accidents and fatalities involving “qualified workers” are caused by arc

flash or arc blast. Between 2007 & 2011, more than 2,880 fines were assessed for not meeting OSHA regulations 1910.132(d), which averages out to 1.5 fines a day. - OSHA.Gov

• 5 to 10 Arc Flash Incidents occur in electrical equipment every day in the US. At least 1 results in a
• fatality. - CapSchell, Inc. 2007
• 2,000 electrical workers are treated in specialized burn trauma centers each year as a result of arc

flash injuries.” – EFSI (Electrical Safety Foundation International)

• Due to the violent nature of arc flash exposure injuries, some are fatal. For those that are non-fatal,

it’s common for the employee to never regain their past qualify of life. Extended medical care is

• ften needed and very costly. The average cost of treatment is upward of $1.5 million. Total cost to

the employer can be $8 to 10 million in litigation fees. – WSAC (Workplace Safety Awareness Council)

Statistics

Risk Assessment

NFPA 70E 2018 has an increased emphasis

• n risk assessment.
• Identify Hazards
• Estimate Likelihood of Occurrence
• Estimate Potential Severity of Injury
• Determine if Protective Measures are Require.

Consensus = Insertion/Removal of Power Circuit Breakers is High Risk!

Addressing Electrical Hazards

• Physically Remove the Hazard
• Replace the Hazard
• Isolate People From the Hazard
• Change the Way People Work
• Protect the Worker with PPE

Incident Energy Mitigation

• Reduce Fault Current

– Increase Transformer Impedance – Current Limiting Reactors

• Increase the Working Distance

– Incident energy decreases exponentially with increased working distances. – Remote Racking & Operation Of Switchgear – Many tasks may not be able to be accomplished remotely. – Remote racking devices may not operate as desired.

• Reduce the Fault Clearing Time

– Incident energy is directly proportional to the fault clearing time. – Many protection schemes & technologies are available.

Sample Remediation Analysis

POLL

Mitigation Technique Example – Universal Remote Racking

(Increase Distance to Hazard)

BEFORE AFTER

EATON VCP-W – MV Vacuum Breaker

• No Modifications!
• Door Open or Closed Operation
• Single or Two-High Operation
• Passive Racking Interlock via

Spring Loaded Plate

GE AM ‘MAGNEBLAST’ – VERTICAL LIFT

• No Modifications!
• Monitoring Limit Switches No Longer Required
• Prevents Damage from OEM DC Motor Over-Travel Scenario

ALLIS-CHALMERS MA/FC

MECHANICAL RETROFIT SOLUTION

BEFORE

(Ratcheting Motion w/ Lever)

AFTER

Rotational w/ Door Closed

ABB/ITE HK – INTERLOCK TYPES & EXTENSIONS OFFSET NON- OFFSET MISSING EXTENSION

INTERLOCK ACUATORS - ABB ADVAC Actuator driven solutions exist to allow racking without Operator intervention.

POLL

• Universal – 480V to 38kV Drawout Style Breakers (ANSI, NEMA & IEC)
• No Switchgear Modifications
• PLC Controlled - Intelligent Operation & Monitoring
• “Racking Complete” - Turns, Torque AND/OR Both!
• Breaker Position Monitoring
• Torque Management – Multiple Torque Parameters
• Speed Controlled Motor – Lessens Torque at Conn./Disc.
• Spring Loaded Horizontal Motor – Applies Forward Pressure
• Interlock Actuator Devices (For Certain Types)
• Torque Monitoring - Graphical Feedback
• Remote w/ Distance > IE Hazard Boundary
• Remote TRIP/CLOSE via Breaker Pushbuttons
• Commissioning & Training – Manufacture’s specialist should provide

initial onsite support to setting parameters based on field conditions of your breakers.

Recommended Specifications

Key Feedback – Torque Graphing

(ITE HK – Rack Out, Rack In Sequence) LEGEND: Torque, Revolutions & Motor Speed.

Key Feedback – Torque

(Example: No Stabs In Cell) LEGEND: Torque, Revolutions & Motor Speed.

Final Thoughts + Q&A

Incident Energy (Arc Flash) levels can be addressed by several modern Technologies & Engineering Practices Including Remote Racking:

• Elimination Strategy– Remote Racking & Operation
• PPE should be the last option.
• Site Survey of Breaker (Photos) & Key Specifications

Risk can be significant at low Incident Energy levels due to fault

• current. This is not obvious!

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