Course Themes Perspectives in Computer Science and Engineering History of Bits, Bytes & Computer Computing Numbers Systems Operating Networking Systems Internet Framework TDDE25 Data Abstractions Algorithms and Provide Context Programming Software Roadmap Languages Engineering for your Introduction to Fö 1 Databases Place your Programming Course Introduction Artificial Intelligence CS/CE Course Sustainability History of Computing Courses/ Theory Programs in of Computation Perspective https://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDE25/index.en.shtml https://liuonline.sharepoint.com/sites/Lisam_TDDE25_2020HT_FZ Larger Programming Project in Python 1 2 Course: Period 2 Course: Period 1 Period 1: 15 seminars • • Period II: Programming Project in Python Given by a variety of very knowledgeable researchers who specialize in each of • the areas covered. 4-5 projects pre-defined but open for pro-activity and creativity • Read the book chapters specified for each seminar before each seminar. • • Groups of 3-4 students. (Possibly changed due to Covid Restrictions) One 10-15 minute quiz per seminar [12]. (Pass or Fail) • Requirements: • Distributed at random times during the seminar • • Source code • Can not be taken at another time! Demonstration of the project • must pass 9 out of (12). • Failure to do so implies writing a 10 page, A4, 11pt font report on a topic of our • Presentation of the project • choosing. Additional documentation (to be defined later) • Details on the course web site under “examination”. • Seminar 7: Jonas Kvarnström will present projects and instructions. • Quiz’s may be found at the course LISAM site: • Additional description on course web site under “Labs”. https://liuonline.sharepoint.com/sites/Lisam_TDDE25_2020HT_FZ • • Quiz registration: automatic • 3 4
Course Book Computation: Some Fundamental Questions • Introductory and Overview Book • Provides a broad framework in which to think about CS • If you purchase a new version: • What is Computation? • Includes on-line access to student site • What is Computing • Includes materials to assist you in learning • What is a Computer? Copies available in the bookstore. You can order via Bokus or other on-line bookstores 5 6 What is Computation? What is Computing? What does Wikipedia tell us? A ssociation for ACM Computing Curricula 2005 defined "computing" as: C omputing M achinery • Computation is any type of calculation or the use of computer technology in "In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal-oriented activity requiring , benefiting from , or creating computers. Thus, computing includes: Information Processing. [Application oriented] • Computation is a process following a well-defined model understood and Broad • designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range of purposes; expressed in an algorithm, protocol, network topology, etc. [Algorithmics] • processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information; View • Computation is also a major subject matter of computer science: it investigates • doing scientific studies using computers; what can or cannot be done in a computational manner. [Computability] • making computer systems behave intelligently; • creating and using communications and entertainment media; Computation as a Physical Phenomenon • finding and gathering information relevant to any particular purpose, and so on. A computation can be seen as a purely physical phenomenon occurring inside a closed physical The list is virtually endless, and the possibilities are vast." system called a computer. Examples of such physical systems include digital computers, mechanical computers, quantum The term "computing" has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 computers, DNA computers, molecular computers, analog computers or wetware computers. ACM report on Computing as a Discipline[2]: Narrow This point of view is the one adopted by the branch of theoretical physics called the physics of computation. View The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes that describe and transform information: their theory, analysis, design, An even more radical point of view is the postulate of digital physics (Fredkin) that the evolution of efficiency, implementation, and application. The fundamental question the universe itself is a computation - Pancomputationalism. underlying all computing is "What can be (efficiently) automated?" 7 8
What is a Computer? Computing Curricula: Computer Science 2013 A computer is a general purpose device that can be programmed to carry out a finite set of arithmetic or logical operations. Since a sequence of operations can be readily changed, the computer can solve more than one kind of • In roughly 10 year cycles the ACM and IEEE Computer problem. Society jointly sponsor the development of a Computing Curricula volume on Computer Science The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, • Offers curricular and pedagogic guidelines for referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, undergraduate courses in computer science and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began • The newest is in final form (CS2013) to take on its more familiar meaning: a machine that carries out computations. 9 10 18 Knowledge Areas Scheduled Seminars Computer Science is not just about Programming!!! • Computer Systems • 1: Introduction & History of Computing (ch0) [Doherty] AR - Architecture and Organization NC - Networking and Communications • 2: Data Storage/Number Systems (ch1) [Doherty] CN - Computational Science OS - Operating Systems • 3,4: Data Manipulation/Computer Systems (ch2) [Eles] DS - Discrete Structures PBD - Platform-based Development GV - Graphics and Visual Computing PD - Parallel and Distributed Computing • Programs and Processes PL - Programming Languages HC - Human-Computer Interaction • 5,6: Networking and the Internet (ch4) [Carlsson] SDF - Software Development Fundamentals IAS - Information Assurance and Security • 7: Software Project Descriptions [Kvarnström] SE - Software Engineering IM - Information Management • 8,9: Algorithms/Computability (ch5, 12) [Doherty] SF - Systems Fundamentals IS - Intelligent Systems SP - Social and Professional Issues • 10: Database Technologies (ch9) [Hartig] • 11,12: Operating Systems (ch3) [Kessler] • PBD - New types of platform specific programming environments such as the web or • 13: Software Engineering [Sandahl, Lanzen (Ericsson)] (ch7) mobile devices. • PD - Now consolidates these topics in one area • Applications and Use • SDF - The entire software development process • SF - Unified systems perspective for computing systems • 14: Sustainability (—) [Jidesjö] • 15: Artificial Intelligence (ch11) [Doherty] Covered Less covered 11 12
Additional Information • Look at the Course web page often! • http://www.ida.liu.se/~TDDE25/ • LISAM Course Page History of Computing https://liuonline.sharepoint.com/sites/Lisam_TDDE25_2020HT_FZ • Some Highlights! General Queries Administration Queries Contact Course Assistant: Contact Course Admin: Jonas Kvarnström Anna Grabska Eklund jonas.kvarnstrom@liu.se anna.grabska.eklund@liu.se 13 14 Socrates Aristotle and the Greeks Plato Aristotle What is a good argument? Mechanical Roots of Origins of Computation begin with Reasoning! Computation Formalizing Mental Processes As far back as Aristotle and Plato: Mortal Recreate human mental and physical processes using available technology Man All men are mortal Major Premise Socrates Socrates is a man Mechanical Techniques Minor Premise _______________ Electro-Mechanical Techniques Electronics Socrates is mortal Deductive Conclusion Deduction 15 16
Antikythera Mechanism The Abacus Over 2000 years old... An Abacus is a calculating tool for performing arithmetic processes Discovered in a shipwreck off the greek island of Antikythera in 1901 Chinese Abacus - Suanpan both decimal/hexadecimal computation 1st written mention 100 AD Modern abacus Calculating Table 1508 Europe The idea dates back as far as Babylonia (2400 BC) - The Antikythera mechanism is the oldest known scientific calculator. A complex arrangement of over 30 gears could determine with remarkable precision the position of dust abacus the sun, moon and planets, predict eclipses and track the dates of Olympic Games. Still in use today in China, Africa, India, ... 17 18 Automatons - Precursors to Robotics Napiers Bones [1617] Natural Laws are capable of describing/producing complex behavior Reduced multiplication and division to a series of additions and subtractions. It used a table-based calculation method that probably originated in India in Perhaps these laws govern human behavior? the Middle Ages. John Napier (1550 - 1617) Users arranged rows of “bones” (bars inscribed with Also invented: number sequences), then added certain numbers on natural logarithms and the bars to do multiplication. decimal notation 16th Century onwards 19 20
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