T-Violation & Baryogenesis M.J. Ramsey-Musolf U Mass Amherst - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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T-Violation & Baryogenesis

ACFI TRV Workshop December 2018

M.J. Ramsey-Musolf

U Mass Amherst

http://www.physics.umass.edu/acfi/

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Themes for This Talk

• So far, connecting tests of TR invariance in neutron

physics with the baryon asymmetry has focused on the neutron EDM

• In this context, the neutron EDM provides an

important probe that complements information from paramagnetic systems and diamagnetic atoms

• Non-observations of EDMs place severe – but not

fatal – constraints on baryogenesis scenarios at the TeV scale & below

• There is room for more thought about connections

with other neutron TR tests

3

Goals for This Talk

• Provide a general context for interpreting EDM

experiments

• Illustrate the interplay of EDM searches with TeV

scale & below baryogenesis scenarios

• Invite discussion

4

Outline

I. EDM’s: The SM & BSM context

• II. The Cosmic Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry
• III. Electroweak Baryogenesis: Examples
• IV. Post-sphaleron Baryogenesis
• V. Outlook

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• I. EDMs: The SM & BSM Context

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EDMs & SM Physics

dn

SM ~ (10-16 e cm) x θQCD + dn CKM

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EDMs & SM Physics

dn

SM ~ (10-16 e cm) x θQCD + dn CKM

dn

CKM = (1 – 6) x 10-32 e cm

• C. Seng arXiv: 1411.1476

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EDMs & SM Physics

dn

SM ~ (10-16 e cm) x θQCD + dn CKM

dn

CKM = (1 – 6) x 10-32 e cm*

• C. Seng arXiv: 1411.1476

* 3.3 x 10-33 e cm < dp < 3.3 x 10-32 e cm

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EDMs & BSM Physics

d ~ (10-16 e cm) x (υ / Λ)2 x sinφ x yf F

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EDMs & BSM Physics

d ~ (10-16 e cm) x (υ / Λ)2 x sinφ x yf F

CPV Phase: large enough for baryogenesis ?

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EDMs & BSM Physics

d ~ (10-16 e cm) x (υ / Λ)2 x sinφ x yf F

BSM mass scale: TeV ? Much higher ?

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EDMs & BSM Physics

d ~ (10-16 e cm) x (υ / Λ)2 x sinφ x yf F

BSM dynamics: perturbative? Strongly coupled? Dependence on other parameters ?

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EDMs & BSM Physics

d ~ (10-16 e cm) x (υ / Λ)2 x sinφ x yf F

Need information from at least three “frontiers”

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EDMs & BSM Physics

d ~ (10-16 e cm) x (υ / Λ)2 x sinφ x yf F

Need information from at least three “frontiers”

• Baryon asymmetry

Cosmic Frontier

• High energy collisions

Energy Frontier

• EDMs

Intensity Frontier

EDMs: New CPV?

• SM

“background” well below new CPV expectations

• New expts: 102 to

103 more sensitive

• CPV needed for

BAU? System Limit (e cm)* SM CKM CPV BSM CPV

199 Hg

ThO n 7.4 x 10-30 1.1 x 10-29 ** 3.3 x 10-26 * 95% CL ** e- equivalent 10-33 10-38 10-31 10-29 10-28 10-26

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EDMs: New CPV?

• SM

“background” well below new CPV expectations

• New expts: 102 to

103 more sensitive

• CPV needed for

BAU?

Mass Scale Sensitivity

γ

e

ψ

ϕ ϕ sinφCP ~ 1 ! M > 5000 GeV M < 500 GeV ! sinφCP < 10-2

System Limit (e cm)* SM CKM CPV BSM CPV

199 Hg

ThO n 7.4 x 10-30 1.1 x 10-29 ** 3.3 x 10-26 * 95% CL ** e- equivalent 10-33 10-38 10-31 10-29 10-28 10-26

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EDMs: New CPV?

• SM

“background” well below new CPV expectations

• New expts: 102 to

103 more sensitive

• CPV needed for

BAU? System Limit (e cm)* SM CKM CPV BSM CPV

199 Hg

ThO n 7.4 x 10-30 1.1 x 10-29 ** 3.3 x 10-26 * 95% CL ** e- equivalent 10-33 10-38 10-31 10-29 10-28 10-26 neutron proton & nuclei atoms

~ 100 x better sensitivity

Not shown: muon

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EDMs: New CPV?

• SM

“background” well below new CPV expectations

• New expts: 102 to

103 more sensitive

• CPV needed for

BAU?

Mass Scale Sensitivity

γ

e

ψ

ϕ ϕ sinφCP ~ 1 ! M > 5000 GeV M < 500 GeV ! sinφCP < 10-2

System Limit (e cm)* SM CKM CPV BSM CPV

199 Hg

ThO n 7.4 x 10-30 1.1 x 10-29 ** 3.3 x 10-26 * 95% CL ** e- equivalent 10-33 10-38 10-31 10-29 10-28 10-26

C h a l l e n g e f

• r

< W B G

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EDMs: New CPV?

• SM

“background” well below new CPV expectations

• New expts: 102 to

103 more sensitive

• CPV needed for

BAU?

Mass Scale Sensitivity

γ

e

ψ

ϕ ϕ

• EDMs arise at > 1 loop
• CPV is flavor non-diagonal
• CPV is “partially secluded”
• CPV is vector-like

System Limit (e cm)* SM CKM CPV BSM CPV

199 Hg

ThO n 7.4 x 10-30 1.1 x 10-29 ** 3.3 x 10-26 * 95% CL ** e- equivalent 10-33 10-38 10-31 10-29 10-28 10-26

C h a l l e n g e f

• r

< W B G

19

EDMs: New CPV?

• SM

“background” well below new CPV expectations

• New expts: 102 to

103 more sensitive

• CPV needed for

BAU?

Mass Scale Sensitivity

γ

e

ψ

ϕ ϕ

• EDMs arise at > 1 loop
• CPV is flavor non-diagonal
• CPV is “partially secluded”
• CPV is vector-like

System Limit (e cm)* SM CKM CPV BSM CPV

199 Hg

ThO n 7.4 x 10-30 1.1 x 10-29 ** 3.3 x 10-26 * 95% CL ** e- equivalent 10-33 10-38 10-31 10-29 10-28 10-26

C h a l l e n g e f

• r

< W B G

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This talk

CPV for <WBG

EDM

EWBG EDM Theoretical creativity

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• II. The Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry

Cosmic Baryon Asymmetry

YB = nB s = (8.82 ± 0.23) ⇥ 1011

One number ! BSM Physics

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Cosmic Baryon Asymmetry

YB = nB s = (8.82 ± 0.23) ⇥ 1011

One number ! IIII IIII IIII … Explanations

BARYOGENESIS THEORIES

Theory

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Cosmic Baryon Asymmetry

YB = nB s = (8.82 ± 0.23) ⇥ 1011

One number ! IIII IIII IIII … Explanations

BARYOGENESIS THEORIES

Theory

Experiment can help:

• Discover ingredients
• Falsify candidates

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Baryogenesis Scenarios

Energy Scale (GeV) 1012

Affleck Dine

109 10 2 10-1

Standard thermal lepto Electroweak, resonant lepto, WIMPY baryo, ARS lepto… Post-sphaleron, cold…

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Baryogenesis Scenarios

Energy Scale (GeV) 1012

Affleck Dine

109 10 2 10-1

Standard thermal lepto Electroweak, resonant lepto, WIMPY baryo, ARS lepto… Post-sphaleron, cold…

Era of EWSB: tuniv ~ 10 ps

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Electroweak Baryogenesis

Was YB generated in conjunction with electroweak symmetry-breaking?

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• III. Electroweak Baryogenesis
• SUSY
• Non-SUSY

EWBG: Ingredients

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• Strong first order EWPT: LHC ! Excluded for the

MSSM ! Possible w/ extensions (e.g., NMSSM)

• CPV: SUSY: Sources same as in MSSM + possible

additional; non-SUSY

Strong 1st Order EWPT

MSSM Light Stop Scenario Beyond the MSSM: singlets, 2-step….

Definitive probe of the possibilities ! LHC + next generation colliders

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EDMs & EWBG: MSSM + Singlets

Heavy sfermions: LHC consistent & suppress 1-loop EDMs Sub-TeV EW-inos: LHC & EWB - viable but non-universal phases

f f f V γ, g ~ ~ 32

EDMs & EWBG: MSSM + Singlets

Heavy sfermions: LHC consistent & suppress 1-loop EDMs Sub-TeV EW-inos: LHC & EWB - viable but non-universal phases

Compatible with

• bserved BAU

Li, Profumo, RM ‘09-’10

Next gen dn

sin(µM1b*) dn = 10-27 e cm

f f f V γ, g ~ ~

de = 10-28 e cm de = 10-29 e cm sin(µM1b*) dn = 10-28 e cm ACME: ThO

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EDMs & EWBG: MSSM + Singlets

Heavy sfermions: LHC consistent & suppress 1-loop EDMs Sub-TeV EW-inos: LHC & EWB - viable but non-universal phases

Compatible with

• bserved BAU

Li, Profumo, RM ‘09-’10

Next gen dn

sin(µM1b*) dn = 10-27 e cm

f f f V γ, g ~ ~

de = 10-28 e cm de = 10-29 e cm sin(µM1b*) Compressed spectrum dn = 10-28 e cm

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ACME: ThO

CPV for <WBG

EDM

EWBG EDM Theoretical creativity

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φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

EW Multiplets: Two-Step EWPT

Patel, R-M: arXiv 1212.5652 ; Blinov et al: 1505.05195

• Step 1: EWSB along φ
• Step 2: EWSB along H

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<φ0 >

j

One step Two step

Two-Step EW Baryogenesis

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Hj φ

St’d Model Scalar Sector BSM Scalar Sector: at least one SU(2)L non-singlet plus possibly gauge singlets: “partially secluded sector CPV” <φ0 >

j

Conventional one step EWSB Two step EWSB

1 2

BSM CPV in φ H interactions: baryogenesis during step 1

Inoue, Ovanesyan, R-M: 1508.05404; Patel & R-M: 1212.5652; Blinov, Kozaczuk, Morrissey: 1504.05195

Two-Step EW Baryogenesis

Baryogenesis Quench sphalerons Small entropy dilution Σ dark matter

New sector: “Real Triplet” Σ Gauge singlet S H ! Set of “SM” fields: 2 HDM

<φ0 >

Illustrative Model: Two CPV Phases:

δΣ :

Triplet phase δS : Singlet phase

(SUSY: “TNMSSM”, Coriano…)

38 Inoue, Ovanesyan, R-M: 1508.05404

Two-Step EW Baryogenesis & EDMs

Two CPV Phases:

δΣ :

Triplet phase δS : Singlet phase Insensitive to δS : electrically neutral ! “partially secluded” EDMs are Two Loop

39 Inoue, Ovanesyan, R-M: 1508.05404

Two-Step EW Baryogenesis

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Two cases: (A) δS = 0 (B) δΣ =0

Present de YB No EDM constraints Present de Future dn Future dp ?

Inoue, Ovanesyan, R-M: 1508.05404

Flavored EW Baryogenesis

EWBG by

φ(x)

µR τL

mf v κτ(cos φτ ¯ ττ + sin φτ ¯ τiγ5τ)h.

Mass basis (T=0) L Lepton

Yukawa = −Ei L

⇥ (Y E

1 )ijΦ1 + (Y E 2 )ijΦ2

⇤ ej

R + h.c.,

Flavor basis (high T) Guo, Li, Liu, R-M, Shu 1609.09849 Chiang, Fuyuto, Senaha 1607.07316 41

Flavored EW Baryogenesis

EWBG by

φ(x)

µR τL

mf v κτ(cos φτ ¯ ττ + sin φτ ¯ τiγ5τ)h.

Mass basis (T=0) L Lepton

Yukawa = −Ei L

⇥ (Y E

1 )ijΦ1 + (Y E 2 )ijΦ2

⇤ ej

R + h.c.,

Flavor basis (high T)

CPV h ! ττ

42 Guo, Li, Liu, R-M, Shu 1609.09849 Chiang, Fuyuto, Senaha 1607.07316 Jarlskog invariant T=0 Higgs couplings

Im (yτ) ~ Im (JA )

EWBG CPV Source

SCPV ~ Im (JA )

Flavored EW Baryogenesis

EWBG by

φ(x)

µR τL

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Guo, Li, Liu, R-M, Shu 1609.09849

τ cos τ τ sin τ

EWBG viable

Δφτ ~ 10o : 3 ab-1 @ LHC 14

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• IV. Post-Sphaleron Baryogenesis
• Babu, Mohapatra, Nasri ’06
• Babu, Dev, Fortes, Mohapatra ‘13
• Bell, Corbett, Nee, R-M ‘18

Model

45 Field SU(3)C SU(2)L U(1)Y couplings ∆dd 6 1

• 2/3

dRdR ∆uu 6 1 4/3 uRuR ∆ud 6 1 1/3 uRdR Φ 1 1 ∆dd∆2

ud, ∆uu∆2 dd

V ⊃ 2 Φ∆dd∆2

ud + 0

2 Φ∆uu∆2

dd .

LYukawa =

hαβ 2

¯ K∆dd( ¯ dR)α(dR)c

β

+ fαβ

2

¯ K∆uu(¯ uR)α(uR)c

β

+gαβ ¯ K∆ud(¯ uR)α(dR)c

β

+g0

αβ ¯

K∆ud✏ij( ¯ Qi)α(Qj)c

β + h.c. ,

Field Content: New Scalars Scalar Interactions Yukawa Interactions BMN original BCNR-M

Baryogenesis

46

ΔB = 2 decays Tree-level Loops: absorptive part

u d d Φr d u d ∆dd ∆ud ∆ud W ± W ± (a) (b) (c)

✏ = Γ(Φ → 6q) − Γ(Φ → 6¯ q) Γ(Φ → 6q) + Γ(Φ → 6¯ q)

Decay Asymmetry: X

Constraints

47

Quark mass EDMs

qR ∆ud qL (q0

R)c

(q0

L)c

dn = X

q=u,d

v2 M 2

∆ud

• βqγ

n Im[cqγ] + βqG n Im[cuG]

• s:

¯ g(i)

π =

v2 M 2

∆ud

γ±G

(i) (Im[cuG] ± Im[cdG])

dq dq ~

Baryon Asymmetry

48

BAU EDM Constraints

−2 · 106 −106 106 2 · 106 −2 · 104 −104 104 2 · 104 Im[G0

13G⇤ 13]

Im[G0

31G⇤ 31]

✏wave(MΦ = 8 TeV) ✏vertex(MΦ = 8 TeV) Dilution Factor (MΦ = 8 TeV) Gαβ ∼ 1, G0

αβ = 0

109 1014 102 G0

αβ ∼ 1, Gαβ = 0

107 108 102 Gαβ ∼ G0

αβ ∼ 103

107 106 105

• Original BMN: G’ = 0 (RH quarks only)
• Non-zero EDMs: G, G’ non-vanishing
• Largest BAU: G = 0, G’ non-vanishing,

EDM compatible

49

• IV. Outlook
• Searches for permanent EDMs of atoms, molecules,

hadrons and nuclei provide powerful probes of BSM physics at the TeV scale and above and constitute important tests of < weak scale baryogenesis

• Studies on complementary systems is essential for first

finding and then disentangling new CPV & testing EWBG

• EWBG remains an important baryogenesis scenario for

which definitive tests will likely require next generation EDM & collider studies**

** + gravitational waves, flavor physics

Back Up Slides

50

Higgs Portal CPV

CPV & 2HDM: Type I & II

f f f γ

H0/H+ W ± H⌥

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 51

52

What is the CP Nature of the Higgs Boson ?

• Interesting possibilities if part of an

extended scalar sector

• Two Higgs doublets ?
• New parameters:

H ! H1 , H2 tan β = <H1> / <H2> sin αb

53

What is the CP Nature of the Higgs Boson ?

• Interesting possibilities if part of an

extended scalar sector

• Two Higgs doublets ?
• New parameters:

H ! H1 , H2 tan β = <H1> / <H2> sin αb

CPV : scalar-pseudoscalar mixing from V(H1, H2)

Higgs Portal CPV

CPV & 2HDM: Type I & II

f f f γ

H0/H+ W ± H⌥

V = λ1 2 (φ†

1φ1)2 + λ2

2 (φ†

2φ2)2 + λ3(φ† 1φ1)(φ† 2φ2) + λ4(φ† 1φ2)(φ† 2φ1) + 1

2 h λ5(φ†

1φ2)2 + h.c.

i −1 2 n m2

11(φ† 1φ1) +

h m2

12(φ† 1φ2) + h.c.

i + m2

22(φ† 2φ2)

• .

δ1 = Arg ⇥ λ⇤

5(m2 12)2⇤

, δ2 = Arg ⇥ λ⇤

5(m2 12)v1v⇤ 2

⇤

δ2 ⇡ 1

• λ5v1v2

m2

12

• 1 2
• λ5v1v2

m2

12

• δ1

λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity EWSB Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257

h, H0, A0 ! h1,2,3

Higgs Portal CPV

CPV & 2HDM: Type I & II

f f f γ

H0/H+ W ± H⌥

V = λ1 2 (φ†

1φ1)2 + λ2

2 (φ†

2φ2)2 + λ3(φ† 1φ1)(φ† 2φ2) + λ4(φ† 1φ2)(φ† 2φ1) + 1

2 h λ5(φ†

1φ2)2 + h.c.

i −1 2 n m2

11(φ† 1φ1) +

h m2

12(φ† 1φ2) + h.c.

i + m2

22(φ† 2φ2)

• .

δ1 = Arg ⇥ λ⇤

5(m2 12)2⇤

, δ2 = Arg ⇥ λ⇤

5(m2 12)v1v⇤ 2

⇤

δ2 ⇡ 1

• λ5v1v2

m2

12

• 1 2
• λ5v1v2

m2

12

• δ1

λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity EWSB Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257

h, H0, A0 ! h1,2,3

CP mixing: αb & αc not independent

Higgs Portal CPV: EDMs

CPV & 2HDM: Type II illustration λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity Present Future: dn x 0.1 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) [10-27 e cm] Future: dn x 0.01 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) ThO n Hg

sin αb : CPV scalar mixing

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 Ra 56

57

Low-Energy / High-Energy Interplay

Higgs Portal CPV: Source for EWBG?

Dorsch et al, 1611.05874

EWBG viable

αb / δ1 – δ2

Higgs Portal CPV: EDMs

CPV & 2HDM: Type II illustration λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity Present Future: dn x 0.1 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) [10-27 e cm] Future: dn x 0.01 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) ThO n Hg

sin αb : CPV scalar mixing

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 Ra 58

Higgs Portal CPV: EDMs & LHC

CPV & 2HDM: Type II illustration λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity Present Future: dn x 0.1 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) [10-27 e cm] Future: dn x 0.01 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) ThO n Hg

sin αb : CPV scalar mixing

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 Ra 59 Chen, Lewis, Dawson: 1503.01114

Higgs Portal CPV: EDMs & LHC

CPV & 2HDM: Type II illustration λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity Present Future: dn x 0.1 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) [10-27 e cm] Future: dn x 0.01 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) ThO n Hg

sin αb : CPV scalar mixing

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 Ra 60

Current LHC: H2,3 ! Z h

Chen, Li, R-M: 1708.00435 Alignment limit

Higgs Portal CPV: EDMs & LHC

CPV & 2HDM: Type II illustration λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity Present Future: dn x 0.1 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) [10-27 e cm] Future: dn x 0.01 dA(Hg) x 0.1 dThO x 0.1 dA(Ra) ThO n Hg

sin αb : CPV scalar mixing

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 Ra 61

LHC 300 fb-1 LHC 3 ab-1

Chen, Li, R-M: 1708.00435 Alignment limit

Had & Nuc Uncertainties

CPV & 2HDM: Type II illustration λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity Present

sin αb : CPV scalar mixing

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 80

Range of hadronic matrix elements Range of nuclear matrix elements

Had & Nuc Uncertainties

CPV & 2HDM: Type II illustration λ6,7 = 0 for simplicity Present

sin αb : CPV scalar mixing

Inoue, R-M, Zhang: 1403.4257 80

Range of hadronic matrix elements Range of nuclear matrix elements

Challenge

EW Phase Transition: Higgs Portal

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

< φ >

+…

64

EW Phase Transition: Higgs Portal

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

< φ >

+…

• Renormalizable
• φ : singlet or charged

under SU(2)L x U(1)Y

• Generic features of full theory

(NMSSM, GUTS…)

• More robust vacuum stability
• Novel patterns of SSB

65

Higgs Portal: Simple Scalar Extensions

Extension EWPT DM DOF May be low-energy remnants of UV complete theory & illustrative of generic features Real singlet: Z2 Real singlet: Z2 Complex Singlet EW Multiplets 1 1 2 3+ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔

66

Higgs Portal: Simple Scalar Extensions

Extension EWPT DM DOF May be low-energy remnants of UV complete theory & illustrative of generic features (NMSSM…) Real singlet: Z2 Real singlet: Z2 Complex Singlet EW Multiplets 1 1 2 3+ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✖ ✔ ✔ ✔

67

EW Phase Transition: Singlets

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

Simplest Extension: two states h1 & h2

Profumo, R-M, Shaugnessy JHEP 0708 (2007) 010

<S >

Real Singlet: φ ! S m1 > 2 m2 m2 > 2 m1

68

EW Phase Transition: Singlets

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Profumo, R-M, Wainwright, Winslow: 1407.5342; see also Noble & Perelstein 0711.3018

<S >

m2 > 2 m1 m1 > 2 m2

Mixed States: Precision $ ILC, CPEC, FCC-ee

Modified Higgs Self-Coupling

Increasing mh New scalars

69

EW Phase Transition: Singlets

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Profumo, R-M, Wainwright, Winslow: 1407.5342; see also Noble & Perelstein 0711.3018

<S >

m2 > 2 m1 m1 > 2 m2

Mixed States: Precision $ ILC, CPEC, FCC-ee

Modified Higgs Self-Coupling

Increasing mh New scalars

FCC-hh/SPPC FCC-ee/ CEPC HL-LHC ILC

70

EW Phase Transition: Singlets

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

No & RM, arXiv:1310.6035 : LHC Discovery w/ 100 fb-1

<S >

Resonant di-Higgs production:

m2 > 2 m1 m1 > 2 m2

Simplest Extension: two states h1 & h2

h1 h2 h1 b b

τ+ τ-

71

EW Phase Transition: Singlets

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

Next gen pp: Kotwal, No, R-M, Winslow 1605.06123

<S >

Novel signatures:

m2 > 2 m1 m1 > 2 m2

Simplest Extension: two states h1 & h2

h1 h2 h1 b b

τ+ τ-

LHC Next gen pp

b¯ b & 4⌧

72

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

EW Multiplets: Two-Step EWPT

<φ0 >

Baryogenesis Quench sphalerons Small entropy dilution φ dark matter φ0

j Patel, R-M: arXiv 1212.5652 ; Blinov et al: 1505.05195

• Step 1: thermal loops
• Step 2: tree-level barrier

73

One step Two step

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

EW Multiplets: Two-Step EWPT

Baryogenesis Quench sphalerons Small entropy dilution φ dark matter

j Patel, R-M: arXiv 1212.5652 ; Blinov et al: 1505.05195

Real Triplet

Two-step EWPT & dark matter

Σ ~ (1,3,0)

<Σ0 >

74

One step Two step

φ φ

F F

1st order 2nd order

Increasing mh New scalars

EW Multiplets: Two-Step EWPT

j Patel, R-M: arXiv 1212.5652 ; Blinov et al: 1505.05195

<Σ0 >

h j

γ

γ

Σ+

Triplet Mass Higgs Portal Coupling

Two-step EWB favorable

75

One step Two step