by the Intensity Frontier Needs Nikolai Mokhov Pertti Aarnio, Yury - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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by the Intensity Frontier Needs Nikolai Mokhov Pertti Aarnio, Yury - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fermilab Accelerator Physics Center MARS15 Code Developments Driven by the Intensity Frontier Needs Nikolai Mokhov Pertti Aarnio, Yury Eidelman, Konstantin Gudima, Alexander Konobeev, Vitaly Pronskikh, Igor Rakhno, Sergei Striganov, Igor

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MARS15 Code Developments Driven by the Intensity Frontier Needs

ICRS-12 & RPSD-2012 Nara, Japan September 2-7, 2012

Nikolai Mokhov Pertti Aarnio, Yury Eidelman, Konstantin Gudima, Alexander Konobeev, Vitaly Pronskikh, Igor Rakhno, Sergei Striganov, Igor Tropin Fermilab Accelerator Physics Center

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 2

OUTLINE

  • Introduction
  • Inclusive, Exclusive and Hybrid Modes
  • Particle Production Event Generators
  • Mean Stopping Power
  • Coupling to EGS5
  • Nuclide Production, Decay and Transmutation

(DeTra)

  • Radiation Damage (DPA)
  • GUI and Visual Editor
  • ROOT Geometry
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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 3

Introduction MARS15 is a multi-purpose Monte-Carlo code developed since 1974 for detailed simulation of hadronic and electromagnetic cascades in an arbitrary 3-D geometry

  • f

shielding, accelerator, detector and spacecraft components with energy ranging from a fraction

  • f an electronvolt to 100 TeV. Driven by needs
  • f the intensity frontier projects with their

Megawatt beams, e.g., ESS, FAIR and Project X, the code has been recently substantially improved and extended. New features are described in this talk.

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 4

MARS15: Exclusive, Inclusive & Hybrid

Most of processes in MARS15, such as electromagnetic showers, hadron-nucleus interactions, decays of unstable particles, emission of synchrotron photons, photohadron production and muon pair production, can be treated exclusively (analogously), inclusively (with corresponding statistical weights), or in a mixed mode.The choice of method is left for the user to decide, via the input settings. Other variance reduction techniques used in MARS: weight- window, splitting and Russian roulette, exponential transformation, probability scoring, step/energy cutoffs. Goal: Maximize computing efficiency e = t0/t, where t is CPU time needed to get a RMS error s equal to the one in the reference method with CPU time t0 provided s < 20%.

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Example: EMS

Inclusive Exclusive Hybrid-10 Hybrid-20

ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 5 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 6

INCLUSIVE PION PRODUCTION

Newest phenomenological MARS15 model for pion production in hadron- nucleus interactions at 0.7 to 12 GeV. Extension of earlier two-source model for these energies: Data used: HARP, LANL, JINR and LBL.

) / ) cos 1 ( exp( 1 ) cos 1 ( ) ) cos 1 ( exp( ) cos 1 (

5 6 4 8 9 3 2 7 1 3 3

p p T p p p p p T p p dp d E     s         

p+Pb p-X

HARP 3 GeV/c LANL 730 MeV

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SLIDE 7

ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 7

p- Production on Lead

Versus KEK data at 4 GeV/c Versus 1.46-8.9 GeV/c data

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SLIDE 8

ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 8

MARS15 EXCLUSIVE EVENT GENERATORS

Improved Cascade-Exciton Model code, CEM03.03, combined with the Fermi break-up model, the coalescence model, and an improved version

  • f the Generalized Evaporation-fission Model (GEM2) is used as a

default for hadron-nucleus interactions below 5 GeV. Recent multi- fragmentation extension. The Los Alamos Quark-Gluon String Model code, LAQGSM03.03 (2012), is used in MARS15 for photon, particle and heavy-ion projectiles at a few MeV/A to 1 TeV/A. This provides a power of full theoretically consistent modeling of exclusive and inclusive distributions of secondary particles, spallation, fission, and fragmentation products.

  • S. G. Mashnik, K. K. Gudima, A. J. Sierk, M. I. Baznat, N. V. Mokhov,

“CEM03.03 and LAQGSM03.03 Event Generators for the MCNP6, MCNPX and MARS15 Transport Codes”, LANL LA-UR-08-2931 (2008).

For quite some time, MARS has used the Dual-Parton Model code, DPMJET3,for the very first vertex in a cascade tree. This is used in our numerous studies for the LHC 7x7 TeV collider and its detectors, and at very high energies up to 100 TeV.

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 9

2012 LAQGSM Developments at E < 10 GeV

  • New and better approximations for elementary total,

elastic, and inelastic cross sections for NN and πN interactions

  • Several channels have been implemented for an explicit

description: N+N→N+N+mπ, π+N→N+mπ (m<5), B+B→B+Y+K, π+B→Y+K, Kbar+B→Y+π, and K+Kbar, N+Nbar pair production

  • Combination of the phase space and isobar models and

experimental data

  • gA reactions extended down to GDR and below
  • Arbitrary light nuclear projectile (e.g., d) and nuclear

target (e.g., He)

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SLIDE 10

ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 10

LAQGSM2012 vs HARP Data: p+Ta p,p± + X

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 11

LAQGSM2012 vs HARP Data: p- +Pb p,p± + X

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 12

LAQGSM2012 vs KaoS and COSY/ANKE Data

Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 12

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 13

ALICE 2012

ALICE2011 (Marshall Blann et al.) is the nuclear model code based on hybrid model of precompound decay, Weisskopf-Ewing evaporation and Bohr-Wheeler fission models. It was improved and converted to event generator for nucleon, photon and heavy ion nuclear reactions at E~1 MeV to 20-30 MeV matching CEM and LAQGSM at E > 20-30 MeV in MARS15. To be released in Fall 2012

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 14

Mean Stopping Power in Compounds: CAB (2012)

Stopping power of ions in compounds usually is described according to Bragg's rule. At low energies and for low-Z materials the difference between measured and predicted dE/dx can be as large as 20%. The "cores-and-bonds" (CAB) method developed by G. Both et al. was implemented in MARS15(2012) taking into account chemical bonds fitted to experiment for various compounds at 1 keV to 3 MeV. At higher energies, the Sternheimer and Peierls density correction algorithm for compounds is employed.

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 15

EMS Inclusive/Exclusive Control and EGS5 Mode

  • Inclusive, exclusive and hybrid modeling of

electromagnetic showers at all energies is now controlled in a user-friendly way globally or for specified materials.

  • The EGS5 code has been implemented in

MARS15 for precise modeling

  • f

electromagnetic showers in the 1 keV to 20 MeV energy range globally or in specified materials: crucial, for example, for accurate description of transition effects in fine accelerator and detector structures, background studies and medical applications.

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 16

EGS5 Mode in MARS15: 5 and 0.5 MeV e- in Cu

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 17

EGS5 Mode in MARS15: 30-50 keV e- in Si

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 18

MARS15+DeTra for Nuclide & Activity Calculations 1. Standard MARS15 run, nuclide production and stopping rates in materials specified with interface files NUCLIDES generated. Stopping rates are crucial for fine structures.

  • 2. Same executable: built-in DeTra is called to solve the

Bateman equations governing the decay and transmutation

  • f

nuclides using transmutation trajectory analysis.

  • 3. Same executable: the output files of step 2 are

processed to order specific activities and production rates. DeTra Module integrated in MARS15(2012) for 3-step nuclide decay and transmutation analysis:

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 19

Benchmarking Calculated Activity: 500 MeV/A U + Cu

"Measured residual activity induced by U ions with energy 500 MeV/u in Cu target“ E. Mustafin et al.

  • Proc. of EPAC 2006, Edinburgh, Scotland, TUPLS141.

Transverse target size for all samples was 50 mm, while the beam diameter in each experiment was not larger than 11 mm. Target thickness was chosen according to the ion energy: it was twice the range of U ions, so that the beam was completely stopped in the target.

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 20

Decay Heat in Mu2e Target

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Further Improved DPA Model in MARS15

Norgett, Robinson, Torrens (NRT) model for atomic displacements per target atom (DPA) caused by primary knock-on atoms (PKA), created in elastic particle-nucleus collisions, with sequent cascades of atomic displacements (via modified Kinchin-Pease damage function n(T)), displace- ment energy Td (irregular function of atomic number) and displacement efficiency K(T).

ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments

All products of elastic and inelastic nuclear interactions as well as Coulomb elastic scattering of transported charged particles (hadrons, electrons, muons and heavy ions) from 1 keV to 10 TeV. Coulomb scattering: Rutherford cross- section with Mott corrections and nuclear form factors for projectile and target (important for high-Z projectiles and targets).

K(T)

21

          T T T E T k T T T T T T

d d d d d d

5 . 2 2 / ) ( 5 . 2 1 ) ( n

Ed in Si

  • M. Robinson (1970)
  • R. Stoller (2000), G. Smirnov
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Comparing MARS15 DPA with Most Recent Models

M.J. Boschini et al., “Nuclear and Non-Ionizing Energy-Loss for Coulomb Scattered Particles from Low Energy up to Relativistic Regime in Space Radiation Environment”, arXiv:1011.4822v6 [physics.space-ph] 10 Jan 2011

ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments

MJB et al. do not include form factors of target and projectile (default in MARS15), which are substantial for high Z

Si Pb

22

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments

DPA Comparison: 130 MeV/u 76Ge on W

TRIM and PHITS results: Courtesy Yosuke Iwamoto Pencil beam, uniform in R=0.03568 cm disc. Target Wnat, cylinder with R=0.03568 cm, L=0.12 cm

23

2009 2011

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New Neutron DPA Model in MARS15

New for neutrons from 10-5 eV to 20(150) MeV: NJOY99+ENDF-VII database, for 393 nuclides: NRT (industry standard) corrected for experimental defect production efficiency η (Broeders, Konobeyev, 2004), where η is a ratio of a number

  • f single interstitial atom vacancy pairs (Frenkel pairs) produced in a material

to the number of defects calculated using NRT model

50 100 150 200 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

Al Ni Cu Pd Ag Pt Au Pb K V Fe Nb Mo Ta W Mg Ti Co Zn Zr Cd Gd Re Ga Sn

experimental data defect production efficiency, 

A

24

10

  • 5

10

  • 3

10

  • 1

10

1

10

3

10

5

10

7

10

9

10

  • 2

10

  • 1

10 10

1

10

2

10

3

10

4

sd (NRT), b

En, eV

27Al 65Cu

Al

ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments

To be released in Fall 2012

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 25

MARS-GUI: Many Improvements

Sophisticated shielding: W, iron, concrete & BCH2 Visualization of histograms

  • n top of geometry in global
  • r beamline coordinate systems
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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 26

Muon Collider

m

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 27

MARS-GUI Visual Editor

Visual Editor to be released in Fall 2012 Example: EXGEO Box card

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 28

ROOT Geometry Mode in MARS15(2012)

  • Powerful ROOT Geometry and visualization implemented.
  • Geo models created for MARS15 can be used with other

MC codes (e.g., Geant4).

  • One can use the ROOT models created for Geant4 (CMS

model as an example) with MARS15.

  • ROOT provides large set of geometrical elements

(primitives) along with a possibility to produce composite shapes and assemblies.

  • 3D visualization.
  • New ROOT-MAD-MARS Beam Line Builder (RMMBLB).
  • RMMBLB to be released in Fall 2012.
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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 29

MARS15-ROOT: Built and Imported Geometries

ROOT geometry for the LHC IR5, developed for MARS at FNAL CMS ROOT geometry, developed in CERN and imported to MARS15

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 30

MAD-MARS BEAM LINE BUILDER: J-PARC 3-GeV RING

By N. Nakao

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 31

ROOT-Based MAD-MARS Beamline Builder

Set of functions (classes) for building beam lines, like MMBLB-2004 for non-standard MARS geometry. Advantages as compared to MMBLB-2004: 1. Unified highly precise approach 2. Eliminates possible misses of small objects at tracking time Fermilab Booster Fermilab LBNE Primary Beamline

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ICRS-12, Nara, Sep. 2-7, 2012 Nikolai Mokhov et al., MARS15 Code Developments 32

MARS15 Tutorial Much more on MARS15 including “How-To” in the MARS15 Tutorial at ICRS12 this Friday at 13:30 – 16:30 in ROOM 1.