Suren Singh Lead Application Engineer Millimeter and THz Solutions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Suren Singh Lead Application Engineer Millimeter and THz Solutions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

May 10, 2023 129 likes •657 views

Active Device Characterization At Millimeter Wave Frequencies Suren Singh Lead Application Engineer Millimeter and THz Solutions Agilent Technologies Agenda Millimeter wave and THz applications Measurement Solution Basic system

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SLIDE 1

Active Device Characterization At Millimeter Wave Frequencies

Suren Singh Lead Application Engineer Millimeter and THz Solutions Agilent Technologies

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SLIDE 2

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 2

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SLIDE 3

Millimeter Wave Frequency Band Applications

Millimeter Wave Component Test

  • On Wafer Device Characterization
  • Wireless HDMI & WiGiG ( E-Band)
  • Automotive Radar Components ( E& W-Band)

Antenna

  • Integrated on-wafer antenna arrays
  • (Sub) mm-wave interferometer for astrophysics

(Emerging)

  • Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) (NRAO,

ESO, IRAM)

  • Deep Space Radio Telescopes

Materials and Imaging

  • Free space material measurements.
  • Security Imaging Systems
  • Corrosion Detection
  • Bio-fuel (Emerging)

HD Disc Player

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Page 3

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SLIDE 4

THz Frequency Applications

  • Radio Astronomy
  • Atmospheric Studies
  • Chemical / Molecular Spectroscopy
  • Plasma and Accelerator Diagnostics
  • Biological Imaging
  • Materials Characterization
  • General Test and Measurement

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SLIDE 5

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 5

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SLIDE 6

Measurement Driven Architecture

  • Passive Devices
  • Amplifiers
  • Mixers
  • Semiconductors
  • Antennas
  • Materials
  • S-Parameters (N-port,

Differential )

  • Absolute power
  • Gain compression
  • Pulsed measurements
  • Material parameters
  • Time domain

Millimeter wave Devices

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Millimeter wave Measurements

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SLIDE 7

Measurement Driven Architecture

  • Calibration: S-Parameters & Power
  • Bias Tee
  • Differential Source
  • Remote Modules
  • Measure & level power
  • Pulse drive and measure
  • Measure mixers
  • Measure multi-ports
  • Wide dynamic range
  • Measure multiple bands
  • Probing
  • S-Parameters (N-port,

Differential, Translated)

  • Absolute power
  • Gain compression
  • Pulsed measurements
  • Material parameters
  • Time domain

Page 7

Millimeter wave Measurements Millimeter wave Features

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SLIDE 8

Network Analyzer is the measurement engine. Optional Test Set Controller interfaces to modules THz Frequency Extenders provide frequency conversion and signal coupling

Solution Architecture

Vector Network Analyzer Millimeter Wave Test Set controller

Frequency Extenders

Device under test

Frequency Extenders Frequency Extenders Frequency Extenders

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SLIDE 9

PNA / PNA-X Network Analyzer

Key Enabling Features:

  • 26.5 /43.5/50/67GHz versions
  • Configurable Test set options
  • Rear panel RF / LO Output
  • Rear panel direct IF Access
  • Test set controller interface
  • Frequency Offset Capability
  • Dual, spectrally pure sources with low phase noise
  • Integrated pulse measurements
  • Source Power Calibration & Receiver power leveling
  • Broadband match corrected power Calibration

N5247A 4-Port PNA-X

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SLIDE 10

Millimeter Wave Test Set Controller

  • Provides LO & RF distribution to modules
  • Provides DC power to modules
  • 2-port (N5261A) and 4-port (N5262A) versions
  • Flexible setup: measure multiple bands
  • Mixer Measurements without external Sources
  • Easily switch between PNA/PNA-X and mm-wave mode

PNA / PNA-X Splitter RF Sw IF Switch Pwr Ctl LO Src1 Isolator s IO RF Sw Src2 IF x 5 Millimeter Wave Frequency Extenders RF x 4 LO x 4

IF x 8 Pwr x 4

Four Port N5262 A Test Set Controller

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SLIDE 11

Millimeter Frequency Extenders

  • Broadband Extenders: 10M-110GHz
  • Banded Extenders: 50 GHz ... 1 THz

WR 15 50 – 75 GHz WR 12 60 – 90 GHz WR 12E 54 – 92 GHz WR 10 75 – 110 GHz WR 6 110 – 170 GHz WR 5 140 – 220 GHz WR 3 220 – 325 GHz WR 2.2 325 – 500 GHz WR 1.5 500 – 750 GHz WR 1.0 750 – 1.1 THz

x N

RF in LO in Ref IF Test IF Mwave Test Port

RF RF LO

Banded Frequency Extenders

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SLIDE 12
  • Single-sweep over 10MHz-110GHz
  • 2-port & 4-port options
  • Based on N5247A 67 GHz PNA
  • 1.0 mm Test Port
  • Key Features:
  • Built in Kelvin Bias Tees
  • Power leveling
  • Settable Power to -50 dBm
  • True differential drive
  • Pulse measurements
  • Mixer measurements

MHz to 110 GHz Broadband Solution

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SLIDE 13

Banded Waveguide solutions to 1.1 THz

PNA / PNA-X Banded Waveguide Solution With Test Set Controller Banded Waveguide solution Without Test Controller Banded Waveguide solution With Proprietary Test Controller

Page 13

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SLIDE 14

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 14

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SLIDE 15

Broadband Amplifier Measurement Application

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Port 1

Measurement Requirements

Port 3

  • Single Connection Measurement
  • Input match
  • Output match
  • Amplifier gain
  • Amplifier compression
  • Amplifier pulsed response
  • 4 Port True Differential

Port 4 Port 2

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SLIDE 16

4- Port Match corrected Source power Calibration

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SLIDE 17

Broadband Amplifier Match and Gain Results

Input Match Output Match Gain Characteristics Reverse Isolation

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SLIDE 18

Broadband Amplifier Adding Power Sweep

Input Output Power Sweep Input Output Power Sweep

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SLIDE 19

Broadband Amplifier Adding Pulsed Response

Page 19

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SLIDE 20

Broadband Amplifier Adding Pulsed Response

Input Match

Amp 1 Input output Pulse Profile Amp 2 Input output Pulse Profile

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SLIDE 21

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Broadband Amplifier Adding True Mode Measurements

  • Applies DUT/VNA mismatch-corrected true-differential
  • r true-common-mode stimulus in forward, reverse or

both directions.

  • Precisely control amplitude and phase offsets.
  • Make fully-error-corrected balanced measurements on

balanced-input and balanced-output as well as one port single-ended and one port balanced devices.

2 1 4 3

Integrated True-mode Stimulus Application: iTMSA (Option 460)

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SLIDE 22

Broadband Amplifier Adding True Mode Measurements

Differential Gain & Isolation Differential Input / Output Match Single-ended Gain & Isolation Single-ended Input / Output Match

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SLIDE 23

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 23

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SLIDE 24

SCMM of 60 GHz Tx/Rx Components

  • Conversion and S-Parameters of Tx
  • Spectrum of Tx output with RF applied
  • Spectrum measurement of Tx output for

LO Leakage

  • Tx Detector versus Output power
  • Tx Detector vs. Input Power Sweep
  • Rx Conversion and S-Parameters
  • Rx Power Sweep of input Power
  • Rx Swept LO Response
  • Rx Noise Figure measurement

Agilent Confidential

Measurement Requirements

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SLIDE 25

Tx Measurement Configuration Using SMC

Agilent Confidential

Tx

60-90 GHz Extender

RF Tx RF Input TST IF REF IF DC IN LO ANALOG INPUT ALI1 Tx Detector Output

Configure Tx as Up-converter

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SLIDE 26

Tx Measurement Configuration - Calibration

Using SMC Calibration allows for independent calibration of each port.

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Adding Conversion and S-Parameters of Tx

Configure for swept RF/ IF output Fixed LO

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SLIDE 28

Adding Spectrum of Tx output with RF applied Using IMDx

Configure for Fixed RF& IF Configure Signal Path Set input Output Sweep Set input Power

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SLIDE 29

Adding Spectrum measurement of Tx output for LO Leakage – Uses IMDx

Set full span sweep Reduce RF input to Tx

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SLIDE 30

Adding Tx Detector versus Output power - Simulated

Set full span sweep Use Equation Editor to simulates Detector voltage

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SLIDE 31

Adding Tx Detector vs. Input Power Sweep - Simulated

Fixed RF input Frequency Set Power Sweep

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SLIDE 32

Rx Measurement Configuration Using SMC

60-90 GHz Extender

Rx

LO Tx RF Input DC IN RF REF IF TST IF Rx LO Input Agilent Confidential

Configure Rx as Down-converter Set Power Levels

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SLIDE 33

Rx Measurement Configuration - Calibration

Using SMC Calibration allows for independent calibration of each port.

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SLIDE 34

Adding Rx Conversion and S-Parameters

Configure Frequency for broadband sweep

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SLIDE 35

Adding Rx Power Sweep of Input Power

Configure Fixed Frequency Configure RF Power Sweep

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SLIDE 36

Adding Rx Swept LO Response

Configure LO Power Sweep

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SLIDE 37

Summary SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components

Agilent Confidential

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SLIDE 38

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 38

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SLIDE 39

Measurement Setup

Page 39 Confidential

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SLIDE 40

IM Spectrum: Measurement

  • Measurement Setup
  • Assign Measurement class
  • Set Path configuration to Thru

path

  • Setup the port power to correct
  • Stimulus
  • Set start and stop frequency
  • Measure
  • Input and output Spectrum

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Input Spectrum Input Spectrum

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SLIDE 41

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 41

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SLIDE 42

THz Power Calibration WR1.5 System Configuration

LO TEST IF

500 – 750 GHz

WR-1.5 DC REF IF

Power Supply

Calorimeter Module 0-10 Volt Output Per Power Range Analogue Input (Al1)

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SLIDE 43

Sweep Setting – PM-4 200 µWatt Range

PM4 Port Power Characterization 1. Measurement of power with the PM4 at these frequencies are very sensitive and require at least a 20 second settling time for a valid measurement 2. Configure the system to sweep the frequency range of interest as well as the number of points 3. In this example we use 500 GHz - 750 GHz with 201 point characterization, while it is not required for the source calibration it provides the full characterization 4. Turn off RF to the Frequency extender zero and calibrate the Calorimeter 5. Turn on the RF and save the measurement results as a file.

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SLIDE 44

PM4 Port Power Characterization

  • Note Trace 3 above is created by using the equation editor to convert the analog input Al1,1 into a

power reading of dBm.

  • In this example we do this by taking the displaying the (sqrt (Tr2/50)), in which 50 is the 10V to 200

uWatt range

  • Save Trace 3 above into a file and add the RF power setting used, in this example we used +3 dBm

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SLIDE 45

Verification of calibration

Measurement of port 2 source power as shown by the PNA-X receiver R2,2 in comparison to the actual measured PM4 power at port 2.

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SLIDE 46

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 46

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SLIDE 47

THz Materials Measurement Solution

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SLIDE 48

Calibration is Required

Before a measurement can be made, a calibration must be performed to remove systematic errors.

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SLIDE 49

THz Materials Measurements e’ Real Part Permittivity

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SLIDE 50

THz Materials Measurements e’/e’’ Tan Delta

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SLIDE 51

Agenda

  • Millimeter wave and THz applications
  • Measurement Solution
  • Basic system architecture
  • Capability Enabling Active Device Measurements
  • Active Device Measurements
  • SCMM Broadband Amplifier Characterization
  • SCMM of 60 GHz Tx / Rx components
  • IMD Spectrum measurements
  • THz Power Calibration
  • Materials Measurements at THz
  • Q&A

Page 51

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SLIDE 52

Thank You

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